scholarly journals Variation in the cranial base orientation and facial skeleton in dry skulls sampled from three major populations

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuroe
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Base Orientation

scholarly journals The Skull’s Girder: A Brief Review of the Cranial Base

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Shankar Rengasamy Venugopalan ◽  
Eric Van Otterloo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
The Core ◽  
Skull Vault ◽  
Congenital Birth Defects ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
The Brain

The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above, serves as a link between the head and the vertebral column below, and seamlessly integrates with the facial skeleton at its rostral end. Unique from the majority of the cranial skeleton, the cranial base develops from a cartilage intermediate—the chondrocranium—through the process of endochondral ossification. Owing to the intimate association of the cranial base with nearly all aspects of the head, congenital birth defects impacting these structures often coincide with anomalies of the cranial base. Despite this critical importance, studies investigating the genetic control of cranial base development and associated disorders lags in comparison to other craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight and review developmental and genetic aspects of the cranial base, including its transition from cartilage to bone, dual embryological origins, and vignettes of transcription factors controlling its formation.

TIME OF ERUPTION OF THE PERMANENT TEETH, CEPHALOMETRIC AND TOOTH MEASUREMENT AND SULPHATION FACTOR ACTIVITY IN 45 PATIENTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF X CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Filipsson ◽  
J. Lindsten ◽  
S. Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Turner's Syndrome ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Turner’S Syndrome ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT The time of eruption of the permanent teeth, the development of the cranial skeleton, and the size of the teeth and dental arches as well as the serum sulphation factor activity were studied in 45 patients with Turner's syndrome with different types of X chromosome aberrations. A tendency to an earlier eruption of the permanent teeth was found. The significance of hormonal factors and of the dysplastic skeletal structure for the eruption of the teeth are discussed. The cephalometric analysis revealed a retarded development of the cranial skeleton. Appositional and sutural growth as well as growth in the condylar cartilage and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, were affected. The development of the facial skeleton reached a level corresponding to that of 11 year-old girls, while that of the posterior portion of the cranial base did not reach this level. The latter finding may explain the posterior rotation of the facial skeleton in relation to the cranial base. The mesio-distal width of the permanent teeth was smaller than normal, and the frequency of root resorptions of the idiopathic type was increased in the patients. The space and space differences of the dental arches were normal. The mean level of the serum sulphation factor activity was increased. It seems likely that the abnormal X chromosome constitutions form the background to the changes in the hard tissues and that these tissue changes may be of major significance for the disturbed development of the teeth and skeleton in patients with Turner's syndrome.

Frontal plagiocephaly secondary to synostosis of the frontosphenoidal suture

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Francel ◽  
T. S. Park ◽  
Jeffrey L. Marsh ◽  
Bruce A. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Coronal Synostosis ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Frontal plagiocephaly may arise from either synostotic or deformational forces. Deformational causes of frontal plagiocephaly can be distinguished from synostotic causes by differences seen on physical examination, which can then be confirmed by skull x-ray films and if necessary three-dimensional computerized tomography (CT). Unilateral coronal synostosis is the main synostotic cause of frontal plagiocephaly, although it has also been seen with fusion of the frontozygomatic suture. In several syndromes presenting with bilateral coronal synostosis, fusion of the frontosphenoidal and frontoethmoidal sutures is also present. The authors report, for perhaps the first time, a case showing synostotic frontal plagiocephaly secondary to fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture alone. Although the phenotypic appearance is superficially similar to that seen in unilateral coronal synostosis, analysis of the cranial base shows markedly different effects: angulation of the anterior cranial base with respect to the posterior cranial base away from the synostotic side and angulation of the posterior cranial base with respect to the midpalatal suture also away from the synostotic side. In unilateral coronal synostosis, both angulations are toward the synostotic side. These effects on the cranial base alter its relationship to the cranial vault and the facial skeleton. Most important, frontal plagiocephaly secondary to fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture should not be overlooked as being deformational. Because this fusion is difficult or impossible to visualize by skull x-ray films, three dimensional CT must be obtained in cases that are not clearly identified as deformational plagiocephaly by physical examination.

Mandibular Asymmetry in Noncleft and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christodoulos P. Laspos ◽  
Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽  
Ross H. Tallents ◽  
Mark E. Moss ◽  
J. Daniel Subtelny
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
The Asymmetry

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate mandibular asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals (UCLP) in relation to chronologic age and in relation to lower facial asymmetry. Design: The longitudinal records of 34 UCLP individuals and 142 controls treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY, were included in the study. Posteroanterior and oblique cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for lower facial asymmetry and mandibular asymmetry, respectively. Mandibular asymmetry in UCLP was analyzed relative to three age groups (6–10, 11–14, and 15 or greater) and compared to controls. Moreover, mandibular asymmetry was analyzed relative to lower facial asymmetry. Results: UCLP individuals showed no significant differences in mandibular asymmetry compared to controls. In addition, no significant correlation was found between mandibular asymmetry and lower facial asymmetry in UCLP. Conclusions: The degree of mandibular asymmetry in UCLP appears not to be the major contributing factor to the lower facial asymmetry noted on these individuals. Possible cranial-base/temporal-region anomalies may be involved in unilateral cleft lip and palate and be responsible of the asymmetry noted in the lower facial skeleton.

Intra-Individual Aging of the Facial Skeleton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénie Fourgeot ◽  
Nicolas Graillon ◽  
Charles Savoldelli ◽  
Patrick Dessi ◽  
Pascal Adalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract Background Midface skeletal changes through aging have been conceptualized as a clockwise rotation relative to the cranial base. This finding is mainly supported by cross-sectional population studies based on comparisons between groups of individuals in different age ranges. Few papers have evaluated the intra-individual evolution of the facial skeleton and those which did included only a limited number of patients. Objectives to analyze the intra-individual evolution of the facial skeleton. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including patients having undergone 2 separate facial CT-scans (T1 and T2) with a minimum gap of 7 years. Using 3D reconstructions, we measured and compared 7 facial angles (glabellar, orbital, piriform, maxillary, subdental, chin, gonial) and 6 facial distances (lacrimal crest, orbital floor, piriform, zygoma, labiomental, gnathion) on both CT-scans. Results 56 patients (29 males and 27 females) were included. Mean ages at T1 and T2 were 50 and 59 y/o, respectively. We found a significant decrease between T1 and T2 in facial angles at the midface (glabella, orbital, piriform, and maxillary angles (all p<0.0001)). We found a significant increase in all facial distances between T1 and T2 for the overall population and for men (all p<0.05). For women, all distances increased, but only piriform and zygoma distances showed significant changes (p<0.001 and p<0.04, respectively). Bone remodeling appeared earlier in women. Conclusions Our study confirms the clockwise rotation of the midface during aging. This finding could lead to a better understanding of aesthetic medicine practices.

Natural Head Position, Posture, and Prognathism: The Chapman Prize Essay, 1986

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Base Orientation ◽  
Head Positions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Natural head position and natural head posture are terms which have been used synonymously to describe the spatial relationships of the head with reference to the true vertical, the cervical column, or both. This is confusing, and it would seem logical to ascribe one term to one reference and consider the phenomena separately. For the purposes of this prospective cephalometric survey, natural head position will describe the relationship of the head to the true vertical, while natural head posture will describe the relationship of the head to the cervical column. In order to investigate these two relationships of the head, five groups were formed, three representing horizontal discrepancies selected on ANB differences (class I, II and III dental base relationships) and two representing vertical discrepancies selected on Bjork's posterior angles (‘high angle’ and ‘low angle’ groups). Despite the marked differencesin ‘skeletal’ pattern shown between the five groups, the values obtained for the saddle angles (N-S-Ar) showed no significant difference. However, the natural head positions and natural head postures were significantly different (P < 0.01). Natural head position affected cranial base orientation and this alone produced class II or III effects. Natural head position was also associated with maxillary prognathism whilst natural head posture appeared more closely related to mandibular prognathism. These phenomena may help to explain an apparent class II or III tendency in cases where the saddle angle is normal.

scholarly journals Integration of Cranial Base and Face in Growing Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Oliva ◽  
Rinaldo Zotti ◽  
Francesca Zotti ◽  
Domenico Dalessandri ◽  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Partial Least Square Analysis ◽  
Lateral Portion ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Facial Development

Background: many papers investigate the role of the cranial base in facial development, but the results are not in agreement. This can be due to a difference between the central and lateral parts of the cranial base. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the central and the lateral cranial base and the facial skeleton in pre-pubertal peak subjects and at the end of growth. Material/Methods: a total sample of 52 latero-lateral cranial teleradiographs were analyzed. To test the correlation between structures, the “Partial Least Square” analysis was performed. Geometric morphometric analysis were applied and partial least square analysis was used to test correlation. Integration was studied removing the effect of allometry. Results: facial skeleton has no significant relation with central cranial base. Facial skeleton has significant relationships with the lateral portion of the cranial base. This relationship is higher in the post-peak phase of growth. Conclusion: the Integration between facial structures and cranial base is significant. The Spatial orientation and shape of the facial structures are both influenced by cranial base. This is mainly due to the lateral portion of cranial base.

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