scholarly journals Examining social determinants by locale to inform community linkages

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Achieving a long-lasting impact on health outcomes requires focus not just on patient care, but also on community approaches aimed at improving population health through addressing gaps in Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). SDOH have been found to disproportionately affect those in low-income brackets and the disabled to varying degrees based on locale. The purpose of this exploratory research was to determine 1) which SDOH have the greatest negative impact on disabled and elderly populations within four targeted states (Iowa, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin) and 2) if there is a difference in negative SDOH impact between metro and non-metro locales. Individual-level data were obtained from disabled persons aged 65 years or older who responded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Utilizing these data, frequency distributions were obtained using SPSS. Rank order variation in SDOH was observed among four Midwestern states and between metro vs. non-metro geographic regions. Frequency distributions assisted in identifying the greatest negative impacting SDOH on elderly disabled populations. An examination of the rank order tables allowed the investigator to accurately assess the rank of negative impacts. There were variabilities in responses to questions with moving two or more times within 12 months having the lowest negative impact. When regrouped based upon SDOH negative impacts, were you able to pay your bills was the most frequent SDOH across all states. Feeling unsafe or extremely unsafe in your neighborhood was the highest negatively impacted SDOH within states. Cited determinants in three categories were highest in Ohio. Ohio also had the highest proportion of negatively impacted SDOH across all states. No money for balanced meals was a close second SDOH across states. Key messages Social Determinants Impacting Elderly Disabled. Impact of Social Determinants by Geography.

scholarly journals Inequality, policy polarization and the income gap in turnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110119
Author(s):  
Matthew Polacko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research into the relationship between income inequality and turnout inequality has produced mixed results, as consensus is lacking whether inequality reduces turnout for all income groups, low-income earners, or no one. Therefore, this paper builds on this literature by introducing supply-side logic, through the first individual-level test of the impact that income inequality (moderated by policy manifesto positions) has on turnout. It does so through multilevel logistic regressions utilizing mixed effects, on a sample of 30 advanced democracies in 102 elections from 1996 to 2016. It finds that higher levels of income inequality significantly reduce turnout and widen the turnout gap between rich and poor. However, it also finds that when party systems are more polarized, low-income earners are mobilized the greatest extent coupled with higher inequality, resulting in a significantly reduced income gap in turnout. The findings magnify the negative impacts income inequality can exert on political behavior and contribute to the study of policy offerings as a key moderating mechanism in the relationship.

scholarly journals Calibration of Transit Operations Planning (TOP) Model and Evaluation of Bus Transit Route Performance in Riyadh

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
P.A. Koushki ◽  
G.A. Ali ◽  
Y.A. Al-Nuaim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Public transit systems provide mobility for a large percentage of urban residents very cost-effectively and with minimum negative impact on the environment. ln spite of their vital and indispensable services; however , The majority of transit systems worldwide suffer from financial neglect and are forced to rely heavily on government subsidies for survival. In response to the rapidly shrinking funds and subsidy levels transit managements have to focus attention on ways to improve service operations. The management of public transit systems in Saudi Arabia is no exception to this trend. This study is aimed at evaluating the service performance of a sample of regular (fixed-route, fixed schedule) bus transit routes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing a microcomputer-based program, the bus transit service operational measures of fare, headway, vehicle size and routing were analyzed. To account for the socio-economic and cultural differences of transit ridership in Riyadh, time/cost elasticities of demand as well as walk time and bus travel time parameters of the model were calibrated. Evaluation of the impact of changes in service operational measures suggested that no change in operational variables could improve the very low productivity of one of the sample study routes. A cost-reduction strategy which includes the use of smaller vehicles and less-frequent service runs should improve the low productivity of this route. Findings also indicated that a small increase in fare would pay for the total operation and maintenance costs of the other routes. The authors, however, do not recommend an increase in fare for a variety of reasons; the low income level of the captive riderships, the enormous financial resources of the country , and the multi-dimentional role of transit systems in providing urban mobility with minimum negative impacts on the  environment.

scholarly journals Perception analysis of climate change and adaptations by smallholder farmers in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
NP Ghimire ◽  
M Aryal ◽  
PP Regmi ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
KR Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Negative Impacts

Climate change is posturing warning on present and future food security in low income countries. But, the actual effect of the climate change is still unknown. This study examined the farmer’s perception on climate change and strategies employed to adapt using primary and secondary data collected through household survey and reported by government. Statistical analysis is used for exploring the adaptations by farmers for the negative impact of climate change on domestic production of major cereals crops. The results are discussed at district level empirically and major variables are found statistically significant. This study conclude that there is a need for adaptations strategy by government authority in environmental management and agricultural sustainability in Nepal to come to terms with negative impacts of climate change and likely positive and beneficial response strategies to global warming. The paper suggests some policy measures for improving adaptations and food security situation in the country and open up some areas for further research.

scholarly journals Addressing Alzheimer’s Risk in Racially Diverse, Low-Income Older Adults Through Telephone Health Coaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Faika Zanjani ◽  
Annie Rhodes ◽  
Taylor Wilkerson ◽  
Jennifer Inker ◽  
Joann Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) behavioral risk reduction needs to be more fully explored at the community-level. Connecting behavior change to AD can reduce individual-level helplessness for the disease. However, behavior change targeting AD prevention factors (e.g., alcohol, depression, physical inactivity, smoking, isolation, medication management) is extremely challenging for multiple reasons, including failures in connecting AD and health behavior risk, and due to individual-level motivational, self-efficacy, and knowledge barriers. Methods: As part of the Virginia Commonwealth University iCubed Health and Wellness in Aging Population Core, 20 diverse older adults (aged 60+) living in Richmond, VA, with incomes below $12,000/year and managing either diabetes/cardiovascular symptoms, were offered weekly telephone-based health coaching for 12-weeks, providing education, motivations, self-efficacy skills, and referral services, for AD behavioral risk factors. A patient preference health coaching behavioral change strategy was implemented, where the person decides which behavioral practices to target. All study subjects completed a behavioral-psychosocial baseline and 3-month follow-up assessment. Findings: The study demonstrated feasibility for implementing health coaching within low-income racially-diverse older adults. The study sample (n=20, mean age 69 years (range: 61-77 years) was 90% African American (n=18), and 55% males (n=11). Improvement in AD knowledge (F=4.19;p=.0565); cognitive functioning (memory (F=4.19;p=.0556); delayed memory (F=2.85;p=.1086); TrailsA (F=5.60;p=.0294)), alcohol-risk (F=3.33;p=.1108) and social isolation (F=4.11;p=.0569) trends were found at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: The findings from this study exhibit positive trends in reducing AD risk. This study creates the impetus for future large-scale investigations and dissemination of findings to improve the lives of at-risk low-income aging adults.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Negative Impacts of Substance Use Disorders among People with HIV in the United States: A Real-Time Delphi Survey of Key Stakeholders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Garner ◽  
Heather J. Gotham ◽  
Hannah K. Knudsen ◽  
Brittany A. Zulkiewicz ◽  
Stephen J. Tueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The U.S

AbstractAlthough HIV and substance use disorders (SUDs) constitute a health syndemic, no research to date has examined the perceived negative impacts of different SUDs for people with HIV (PWH). In May 2019, 643 stakeholders in the U.S., representing clients of AIDS service organizations (ASOs), ASO staff, and HIV/AIDS Planning Council members, participated in an innovative Stakeholder-Engaged Real-Time Delphi (SE-RTD) survey focused on the prevalence and individual-level negative impact of five SUDs for PWH. The SE-RTD method has advantages over conventional survey methods by efficiently sharing information, thereby reducing the likelihood that between-group differences are simply due to lack of information, knowledge, and/or understanding. The population-level negative impacts were calculated by weighting each SUD’s individual-level negative impact on indicators of the HIV Care Continuum and other important areas of life by the perceived prevalence of each SUD. Overall, we found these SUDs to have the greatest population-level negative impact scores (possible range 0–24): alcohol use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.9; perceived prevalence = 41.9%), methamphetamine use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.5; perceived prevalence = 3.2%), and opioid use disorder (population-level negative impact = 6.4; perceived prevalence = 34.6%). Beyond further demonstration of the need to better integrate SUD services within HIV settings, our findings may help inform how finite funding is allocated for addressing the HIV-SUD syndemic within the U.S. Based on our findings, such future efforts should prioritize the integration of evidence-based treatments that help address use disorders for alcohol, methamphetamine, and opioids.

scholarly journals They [do more than] Interrupt Us from Sadness: Exploring the impact of participatory music making on social determinants of health and wellbeing for refugees in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sunderland ◽  
L. Istvandity ◽  
A. Lakhani ◽  
C. Lenette ◽  
B. Procopis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Narrative Study ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Participatory Music ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on the outcomes of an exploratory narrative study on the impact of participatory music making on social determinants of health (SDOH) and wellbeing for refugees in Brisbane, Australia. A key component of this exploratory research was to map health and wellbeing outcomes of music participation using an existing SDOH framework developed by researchers in the field of health promotion (Schulz & Northridge, 2004). This paper maps reported health and wellbeing outcomes for five refugee and asylum seeker members of a participatory Brisbane-based music initiative, the Scattered People, along an SDOH continuum ranging from individual level through to macro level fundamental determinants of health.While most themes emerging from this study corresponded to distinct categories in the Schulz and Northridge SDOH framework, three key aspects, which were critical to the achievement of wellbeing for participants, did not fit any of the pre-defined categories. These were: cultural expression, music making, and consolidation of personal and social identity. The importance of those themes to participants suggests that music and wellbeing studies involving culturally diverse groups and from a SDOH perspective may need to consider broader, more relevant concepts. The paper provides recommendations for future interdisciplinary research in this field. 

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Noneffortful Responses on Individual-Level Scores: Can the Effort-Moderated IRT Model Serve as a Solution?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014662162110138
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Rios ◽  
James Soland
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Parameter Recovery ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Misclassification Rates ◽  
Individual Scores ◽  
3Pl Model ◽  
The Impact

Suboptimal effort is a major threat to valid score-based inferences. While the effects of such behavior have been frequently examined in the context of mean group comparisons, minimal research has considered its effects on individual score use (e.g., identifying students for remediation). Focusing on the latter context, this study addressed two related questions via simulation and applied analyses. First, we investigated how much including noneffortful responses in scoring using a three-parameter logistic (3PL) model affects person parameter recovery and classification accuracy for noneffortful responders. Second, we explored whether improvements in these individual-level inferences were observed when employing the Effort Moderated IRT (EM-IRT) model under conditions in which its assumptions were met and violated. Results demonstrated that including 10% noneffortful responses in scoring led to average bias in ability estimates and misclassification rates by as much as 0.15 SDs and 7%, respectively. These results were mitigated when employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when model assumptions were met. However, once model assumptions were violated, the EM-IRT model’s performance deteriorated, though still outperforming the 3PL model. Thus, findings from this study show that (a) including noneffortful responses when using individual scores can lead to potential unfounded inferences and potential score misuse, and (b) the negative impact that noneffortful responding has on person ability estimates and classification accuracy can be mitigated by employing the EM-IRT model, particularly when its assumptions are met.

“Caring for the Elderly is Very Difficult”: Challenges and Coping Strategies of Caregivers in Urban Poor Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382098230
Author(s):  
Frank Kyei-Arthur ◽  
Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Coping

This study is part of a broader phenomenological study on the experiences of family caregivers and their care recipients. There is a general paucity of research on the experiences of primary and secondary caregivers, and the negative impact of elderly care on caregivers in the urban poor settings in Ghana. This study explored primary and secondary caregivers’ challenges and coping strategies in the urban poor context in Accra, Ghana. This study was conducted in Ga Mashie. Thirty-one caregivers were interviewed. A phenomenological analysis was conducted using NVivo 10. Primary and secondary caregivers experienced economic, physical, social, and psychological burdens. Also, caregivers used spirituality and perseverance to cope with their challenges. The findings demonstrate that caregivers’ challenges varied by type of caregiver. Researchers and policymakers should consider the type of caregiver when designing interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of family caregiving on caregivers.

scholarly journals Age Variations in Perceived COVID-19 Threats, Negative Impacts, and Associations with Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
Tara Gruenewald ◽  
Anthony Ong ◽  
Danielle Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to individual and public health, psychosocial, and economic well-being, although COVID-19 threats and impacts may vary by age and other demographic characteristics. Although greater age is a risk factor for greater COVID-19 disease severity, we know little about the association between age and perceived and experienced COVID-19 threats and their association to well-being. These associations were examined in an ongoing 3-wave investigation of over 1,700 U.S. adults (age 18-89; 53.1% female). Wave 1 analyses indicate no significant age variation in perceived threat of COVID-19 infection, with older and younger individuals reporting similar levels of COVID-19 infection threat. However, greater age was associated with lower perceived negative impact on financial and needed resources (r=-.10**), lower perceptions of COVID-19 induced harm to mental well-being (r=-.17**), and more favorable well-being profiles. Greater perceived COVID-19 threat and negative impact on resources and well-being were linked to greater feelings of stress (β’s=.45 to .68***), loneliness (β’s=.24 to .49***), social well-being (β’s=-.19 to -.36***), and poor sleep quality (β’s=.34 to .51***). These associations did not vary with age with the exception that older individuals showed stronger links between COVID-19 threat and impacts and poorer sleep quality. Ongoing analyses are examining whether these associations persist over time. Despite older adults’ greater risk of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality, older age did not appear to be linked to greater perceived COVID-19 threat or impacts, nor linkages to ill-being, with the possible exception of potential greater vulnerability to poor sleep quality.

scholarly journals Please Like Me: Ingratiation as a Moderator of the Impact of the Perception of Organizational Politics on Job Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7455
Author(s):  
Triana Fitriastuti ◽  
Pipiet Larasatie ◽  
Alex Vanderstraeten
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Perception Of Organizational Politics ◽  
The Impact

Drawing from the negative impacts of the perception of organizational politics (POP) on the literature on organizational outcomes, the model proposed in this study examines a nonlinear relationship of POP on job satisfaction. In a similar way, ingratiation as a moderator variable is tested. Based on a survey of 240 state-owned enterprise employees in Indonesia, this study finds that POP exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with job satisfaction. Low and high levels of POP have a negative impact on job satisfaction. Nevertheless, our most intriguing finding is that ingratiation behavior not only strengthens POP’s effects on job satisfaction, but can also alter the direction of the relationship in which its shape is represented by a U-shape. This shape indicates that the employees who engage in high levels of ingratiation as a coping mechanism and adaptive strategy tend to do so when they perceive high degrees of POP. These results are then discussed from a cross-cultural perspective as an attempt to explain the legitimacy of ingratiation in Indonesia.

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