scholarly journals Calibration of Transit Operations Planning (TOP) Model and Evaluation of Bus Transit Route Performance in Riyadh

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
P.A. Koushki ◽  
G.A. Ali ◽  
Y.A. Al-Nuaim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Public transit systems provide mobility for a large percentage of urban residents very cost-effectively and with minimum negative impact on the environment. ln spite of their vital and indispensable services; however , The majority of transit systems worldwide suffer from financial neglect and are forced to rely heavily on government subsidies for survival. In response to the rapidly shrinking funds and subsidy levels transit managements have to focus attention on ways to improve service operations. The management of public transit systems in Saudi Arabia is no exception to this trend. This study is aimed at evaluating the service performance of a sample of regular (fixed-route, fixed schedule) bus transit routes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing a microcomputer-based program, the bus transit service operational measures of fare, headway, vehicle size and routing were analyzed. To account for the socio-economic and cultural differences of transit ridership in Riyadh, time/cost elasticities of demand as well as walk time and bus travel time parameters of the model were calibrated. Evaluation of the impact of changes in service operational measures suggested that no change in operational variables could improve the very low productivity of one of the sample study routes. A cost-reduction strategy which includes the use of smaller vehicles and less-frequent service runs should improve the low productivity of this route. Findings also indicated that a small increase in fare would pay for the total operation and maintenance costs of the other routes. The authors, however, do not recommend an increase in fare for a variety of reasons; the low income level of the captive riderships, the enormous financial resources of the country , and the multi-dimentional role of transit systems in providing urban mobility with minimum negative impacts on the  environment.

scholarly journals Inequality, policy polarization and the income gap in turnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110119
Author(s):  
Matthew Polacko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research into the relationship between income inequality and turnout inequality has produced mixed results, as consensus is lacking whether inequality reduces turnout for all income groups, low-income earners, or no one. Therefore, this paper builds on this literature by introducing supply-side logic, through the first individual-level test of the impact that income inequality (moderated by policy manifesto positions) has on turnout. It does so through multilevel logistic regressions utilizing mixed effects, on a sample of 30 advanced democracies in 102 elections from 1996 to 2016. It finds that higher levels of income inequality significantly reduce turnout and widen the turnout gap between rich and poor. However, it also finds that when party systems are more polarized, low-income earners are mobilized the greatest extent coupled with higher inequality, resulting in a significantly reduced income gap in turnout. The findings magnify the negative impacts income inequality can exert on political behavior and contribute to the study of policy offerings as a key moderating mechanism in the relationship.

scholarly journals Examining social determinants by locale to inform community linkages

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Achieving a long-lasting impact on health outcomes requires focus not just on patient care, but also on community approaches aimed at improving population health through addressing gaps in Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). SDOH have been found to disproportionately affect those in low-income brackets and the disabled to varying degrees based on locale. The purpose of this exploratory research was to determine 1) which SDOH have the greatest negative impact on disabled and elderly populations within four targeted states (Iowa, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin) and 2) if there is a difference in negative SDOH impact between metro and non-metro locales. Individual-level data were obtained from disabled persons aged 65 years or older who responded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Utilizing these data, frequency distributions were obtained using SPSS. Rank order variation in SDOH was observed among four Midwestern states and between metro vs. non-metro geographic regions. Frequency distributions assisted in identifying the greatest negative impacting SDOH on elderly disabled populations. An examination of the rank order tables allowed the investigator to accurately assess the rank of negative impacts. There were variabilities in responses to questions with moving two or more times within 12 months having the lowest negative impact. When regrouped based upon SDOH negative impacts, were you able to pay your bills was the most frequent SDOH across all states. Feeling unsafe or extremely unsafe in your neighborhood was the highest negatively impacted SDOH within states. Cited determinants in three categories were highest in Ohio. Ohio also had the highest proportion of negatively impacted SDOH across all states. No money for balanced meals was a close second SDOH across states. Key messages Social Determinants Impacting Elderly Disabled. Impact of Social Determinants by Geography.

scholarly journals Please Like Me: Ingratiation as a Moderator of the Impact of the Perception of Organizational Politics on Job Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7455
Author(s):  
Triana Fitriastuti ◽  
Pipiet Larasatie ◽  
Alex Vanderstraeten
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Perception Of Organizational Politics ◽  
The Impact

Drawing from the negative impacts of the perception of organizational politics (POP) on the literature on organizational outcomes, the model proposed in this study examines a nonlinear relationship of POP on job satisfaction. In a similar way, ingratiation as a moderator variable is tested. Based on a survey of 240 state-owned enterprise employees in Indonesia, this study finds that POP exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with job satisfaction. Low and high levels of POP have a negative impact on job satisfaction. Nevertheless, our most intriguing finding is that ingratiation behavior not only strengthens POP’s effects on job satisfaction, but can also alter the direction of the relationship in which its shape is represented by a U-shape. This shape indicates that the employees who engage in high levels of ingratiation as a coping mechanism and adaptive strategy tend to do so when they perceive high degrees of POP. These results are then discussed from a cross-cultural perspective as an attempt to explain the legitimacy of ingratiation in Indonesia.

Dynamics of affordability and immigration in the Canadian housing market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikkram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to make two major contributions. First, given the literature gap in housing unaffordability for different immigrant groups in Canada, it makes an essential contribution to the literature. To the best of the knowledge, this study is the first study of its kind to examine housing unaffordability by examining different immigrant groups. Second, differences in unaffordability can help understand the decline in welfare, as it can have financial implications and a negative impact on health outcomes. Third, this study’s findings are valuable for policy formulation to improve immigrant integration and ease the housing unaffordability crisis. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the determinants of housing affordability to investigate differences among various immigrant groups in Canada. A bivariate logit model using public microdata from the Canadian census estimates the determinants of moderate and severe unaffordability. Additionally, the separation of tenants and owners provides insights into the dynamics of unaffordability. The results show significant differences between immigrant groups with higher levels of unaffordability among Asian immigrants. The insights can help devise and implement housing assistance programs to address the challenges arising from the post-COVID-19 pandemic phase. Findings The results indicate that unaffordability declines with increasing age, education and full-time employment. Gender dynamics are evident, with women faring worse than men regarding the likelihood of extreme housing unaffordability. Households face a greater likelihood of unaffordability in more populous provinces and larger census metropolitan areas that struggle with the high cost of living, racial disparities and low income. Immigrants, especially from Asia, Africa and the Middle East, continue to struggle with chronic and severe unaffordability issues. The impact is much more severe for those renting, exemplifying the strain it is taking on the financial health of recent immigrants. Originality/value Given the literature gap in housing unaffordability for different immigrant groups in Canada, it makes an essential contribution to the literature. To the best of the knowledge, this study is the first study of its kind to examine housing unaffordability by examining different immigrant groups.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan Tentang Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Narkotik, Psikotropika dan Zat Aditif Bagi Siswa Siswi SMA dan SMK Mutiara 17 Agustus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwitiyanti Dwitiyanti ◽  
Kriana Efendi ◽  
Supandi Supandi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Services ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

<p>The community services which was carried out entitled "<strong> </strong>Counseling About The Danger Of Narkotic, Psychotropics and Aditive Subtance Abuse For High School Students Mutiara 17 Augustus", aimed to increase students' knowledge and awareness of negative impact of drug abuse and to direct teenagers to channel energy in positive activities, as well as raising awareness raising and establishing self-defense against the dangers posed by drug abuse. The targets achieved were improving understanding and providing information regarding the use, dangers and impacts of drug abuse. Method of implementation of Empowerment Activities and Community Service to partners in the form of mapping of students by way of data the number of students, gender, age, hobbies, smoking/not. The counseling was done by describing psychotropic narcotic drugs and other additives, negative impacts of drug abuse, discussion and questioning, distribution of leaflets aware of drug abuse and evaluation. The result of this dedication shows the students have an increased understanding compared to before being given counseling about the drug and its harmful effects, thereby increasing students' awareness of the impact that can be generated.</p>

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Classes of University Students in Pakistan as Predictors of their Personality Traits: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali ◽  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The current study was heading for determining the impact of Pakistani university students’ socioeconomic classes on their personality traits. Demographic and personality questionnaires were filled by available university students online. The stepwise regression technique facilitated to generate regression models to define impacts of different socioeconomic classes on students’ different personality traits. Different regression models highlighted the significant negative impacts of the middle upper socioeconomic class on Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism personality traits. The lower socioeconomic class was found to have positive impact on only one personality sub-trait self-discipline. Whereas, the upper lower socioeconomic class caused positive impacts on students’ trust sub-trait, Conscientiousness trait and negative impact on excitement seeking sub-trait of personality. The importance of these impacts of socioeconomic classes on different personality traits and the possible implications are discussed with respect to university students’ academic performance and academic behaviour.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic impact on dentists in Latin America’s epicenter: São-Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256092
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽  
Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽  
Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽  
André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽  
Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.

scholarly journals The practice of Cousin Marriage in the Community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Muhammd Rizal Soulisa ◽  
Lukman S. Thahir ◽  
Malkan Malkan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of cousin marriage in the community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. This study uses qualitative methods and data was gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and written material. Data analysis was analyzed using grounded theory approach. the background of a cousin marriage in the Mandar tribe community in Kalola Village is a tradition that has been strong for a long time in the community, in addition to the factor of maintaining a large family and protecting property. Meanwhile, the impact of cousin marriage includes both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is to reduce the number of conflicts in the community and strengthen local political systems, while the negative impact is the breakdown of kinship in the event of conflict and divorce and health risks.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan Online Terhadap Kecerdasan Fisik Motorik Anak Usia Dini

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Andri Arif Kustiawan ◽  
Shinta Aulia Enggarwati
Keyword(s):  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

Technology is developing very rapidly so that it can simplify human work, both science, information, games, buying and selling, and so on on the internet. Apart from having an impact on the fast and easy access to information, it also has an impact on health, social, intelligence, psychological, financial and other aspects. It is excessive if it is overused to make it addictive. Such as addiction to online games, TikTok, and youtube which results in dependence and underestimates health and time. This research uses literacy studies. The purpose of this study is to present findings of the impact of gadget use on children. The results show that technological advances have both positive and negative impacts. There are various kinds of game applications that are easily accessed by children, both game content and those that can stimulate children's development, such as creativity, memory, physical motor, cognitive and so on. So it is necessary to take preventive steps so that technological developments can also reduce the negative impact on children's development.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GADGET TERHADAP POLA INTERAKSI SOSIAL DAN KOMUNIKASI SISWA

Gunahumas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-282
Author(s):  
Dindin Syahyudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

Abstrak Kemajuan dibidang teknologi adalah suatu keniscayaan yang tidak bisa kita hindari. Kemajuan teknologi ini sangat membantu siswa mencari dan mendapatkan ilmu dengan cepat dan Belajar pun bisa dilaksanakan dimana saja dan kapan saja dengan bantuan alat komunikasi yang canggih.Tetapi disamping manfaat yang bisa diperoleh dari penggunaannya, muncul pula dampak negatif seperti munculnya rasa malas untuk melakukan aktifitas sosial dan menyebabkan turunnya daya konsentrasi terutama disaat belajar yang tak sedikit membuat anak menjadi tertekan serta terpisah dari lingkungan sosialnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dampak yang diakibatkan dari penggunaan gadget terhadap pola komunikasi dan interaksi sosial dikalangan siswa SMP Negeri 5 Tarogong Kidul Garut pada tahun pelajaran 2019-2020. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dampak negatif dari penggunaan gadget yang dialami oleh siswa berupa malas beraktifitas, kelelahan fisik, kecanduan yang mengakibatkan pengeluaran uang untuk membeli pulsa, konsentrasi belajar berkurang dan bentuk kenakalan lainnya. Dampak negatif yang paling tinggi adalah malasnya siswa beraktifitas sosial sebesar 81.81% dan berkurangnya daya konsentrasi siswa yang bahkan mencapai 100% dari total siswa pengguna gadget yang diberikan kuesioner tersebut. Kata kunci : Pengaruh Gadget; Pola Interaksi; Komunikasi Abstract The advancement of technology is a necessity that we cannot avoid. This technological advancement really help students find and gain knowledge quickly and learning can be carried out anywhere and at any time with the help of sophisticated communication tools. But besides the benefits that can be obtained from its use, the negative impacts such as the emergence of laziness to do social activities arise and cause a decrease in the power of concentration, especially when learning that make students become depressed and separated from their social environment. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the impact resulting from the use of gadgets on communication patterns and social interactions among students of SMP Negeri 5 Tarogong Kidul Garut in the academic year 2019-2020. The research method used is quantitative descriptive and questionnaire as a research instrument. The results showed the negative impact of the use of gadgets experienced by students in the form of lazy to do activities, physical exhaustion, addiction that resulted in spending money to buy credit, reduced learning concentration and other forms of delinquency. The highest negative impact is the laziness of students with social activities of 81.81% and the reduced of students’concentration who even reach 100% from the total students of gadget users given the questionnaire. Keywords : Effects of Gadgets; Patterns of Interaction; Communication

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document