Greenhouse gases emissions from the diet and risk of death and chronic diseases in the EPIC-Spain cohort

Abstract Background Evidence from the scientific literature shows a significant variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the diet, according to the type of food consumed. We aim to analyze the relationship between the daily dietary GHG emissions according to red meat, fruit and vegetables consumption and their relationship with risk of total mortality, and incident risk of chronic diseases. Methods We examined data on the EPIC-Spain prospective study, with a sample of 40 621 participants. Dietary GHG emission values were calculated for 57 food items of the EPIC study using mean emission data from a systematic review of 369 published studies. Results Dietary GHG emissions (kgCO2eq/day), per 2000 kcal, were 4.7 times higher in those with high red-meat consumption (>140 g/day) than those with low consumption (<70 g/day). The average dietary GHG emissions were similar in males and females, but it was significantly higher in youngest people and in those individuals with lower educational level, as well as for northern EPIC centers of Spain. We found a significant association with the risk of mortality comparing the third vs. the first tertile of dietary GHG emissions [hazard ratio (HR) 1.095; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007–1.19; trend test 0.037]. Risk of coronary heart disease (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08–1.48; trend test 0.003) and risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11–1.38; trend test 0.002) showed significant association as well. Conclusions Decreasing red-meat consumption would lead to reduce GHG emissions from diet and would reduce risk of mortality, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Mutations of mtDNA in some vascular and metabolic diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826999200820162154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Margarita A. Sazonova ◽

Anastasia I. Ryzhkova ◽

Vasily V. Sinyov ◽

Marina D. Sazonova ◽

Tatiana V. Kirichenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Present Review ◽

Mtdna Mutations

Background: The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and as a result, death.In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, Results: The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and various types of cardiomyopathies. Conclusion: The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs developed for treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated withthe absence of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis.

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Dietary Patterns, Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (P18-092-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-092-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jowy Seah Yi Hoong ◽

Choon Nam Ong ◽

Woon-Puay Koh ◽

Jian-Min Yuan ◽

Rob van Dam

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Red Meat ◽

Plasma Fatty Acid ◽

Response Variables

Abstract Objectives Reduced rank regression (RRR) can incorporate a priori biological hypotheses into exploratory techniques used to generate dietary patterns. No previous studies have used nutrition biomarkers including plasma fatty acids as response variables in RRR. We aimed to derive dietary patterns that explain variation in plasma fatty acid concentrations using RRR and evaluate these in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We derived dietary patterns in a subsample of 711 participants with fatty acid concentrations in the Singapore Chinese Health Study using RRR with 31 food groups/items as predictors and 10 plasma fatty acid biomarkers as response variables. Scores for the dietary patterns derived in the subset were then calculated among the full cohort. We followed up 58,065 and 45,411 men and women for CHD mortality and incident T2D respectively. Results We identified a ‘prudent pattern’ high in green vegetables, fruits and fish and low in rice, eggs and red meat, and a ‘low-meat pattern’ high in bread, margarine and fruits, and low in red meat, seafood and poultry. During 1077,170 and 494,741 person-years of follow-up, 3016 CHD mortality events and 5207 cases of T2D respectively were identified. Both the ‘prudent pattern’ [all adjusted HRs for extreme quintiles, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.77); P-trend < 0.001] and ‘low-meat pattern’ [HR, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.96); P-trend = 0.010] were associated with lower risk of CHD mortality. The ‘prudent pattern’ was not associated with T2D whereas the ‘low-meat pattern’ was inversely associated with T2D but appeared restricted to women [HR, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.78); P-trend < 0.001; P-interaction for sex = 0.001]. Conclusions Using nutrition biomarkers as response variables in RRR may be a promising approach to generating dietary patterns predictive of noncommunicable chronic disease risk. Funding Sources This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, USA. JYHS is supported by the NGS Scholarship. W-PK is supported by the National Medical Research Council, Singapore. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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2436-PUB: Predicting Risk for New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People with Coronary Heart Disease and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-2436-pub ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2436-PUB

Author(s):

SHISHI XU ◽

CHARLES A. SCOTT ◽

RUTH L. COLEMAN ◽

JAAKKO TUOMILEHTO ◽

RURY R. HOLMAN

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Chinese People ◽

Onset Type ◽

New Onset

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Correction to: Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01269-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena M. Yubero-Serrano ◽

Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽

Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽

Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva ◽

Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Artery Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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A retrospective study on the usefulness of the JJ risk engine for predicting the incidence rate of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes patients

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05508-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasunari Yamashita ◽

Rina Kitajima ◽

Kiyoshi Matsubara ◽

Gaku Inoue ◽

Hajime Matsubara

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Medical Records ◽

Low Frequency ◽

University Hospital ◽

Diabetes Treatment ◽

C Statistic ◽

Risk Engine

Abstract Objective In 2018, we conducted a retrospective survey using the medical records of 484 patients with type 2 diabetes. The observed value of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence after 5 years and the predicted value by the JJ risk engine as of 2013 were compared and verified using the discrimination and calibration values. Results Among the total cases analyzed, the C-statistic was 0.588, and the calibration was p < 0.05; thus, the JJ risk engine could not correctly predict the risk of CHD. However, in the group expected to have a low frequency of hypoglycemia, the C-statistic was 0.646; the predictability of the JJ risk engine was relatively accurate. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately predict the complication rate of patients using the JJ risk engine based on the diabetes treatment policy after the Kumamoto Declaration 2013. The JJ risk engine has several input items (variables), and it is difficult to satisfy them all unless the environment is well-equipped with testing facilities, such as a university hospital. Therefore, it is necessary to create a new risk engine that requires fewer input items than the JJ risk engine and is applicable to several patients.

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Red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-12-2014-0103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 524-541

Author(s):

Emma Derbyshire ◽

Carrie Ruxton

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Red Meat ◽

Review Literature ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Content Type

Purpose – This review aims to evaluate and review literature published in the area of rising concerns that red meat consumption may be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although there have been discrepancies between study findings, and put the findings into context. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was undertaken to locate and summarise relevant studies which included epidemiological and clinical studies published between 2004 and 2014. Findings – A total of 23 studies were found, with 21 epidemiological and two clinical studies meeting the criteria. Overall, the totality of the evidence indicates that while processed meat consumption appears to be associated with T2DM risk, the effect is much weaker for red meat, with some associations attenuated after controlling for body weight parameters. Where studies have considered high intakes in relation to T2DM risk, meat intake has tended to exceed 600 g per week. Therefore, keeping red meat intakes within recommended guidelines of no more than 500 g per week, while opting for lean cuts or trimming fat, would seem to be an evidence-based response. Research limitations/implications – The majority of studies conducted to date have been observational cohorts which cannot determine cause and effect. Most of these used food frequency questionnaires which are known to be subject to misclassification errors (Brown, 2006). Clearly, more randomised controlled trials are needed to establish whether red meat consumption impacts on markers of glucose control. Until then, conclusions can only be viewed as speculative. Originality/value – This paper provides an up-to-date systematic review of the literature, looking at inter-relationships between red meat consumption and T2DM risk.

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