scholarly journals Ecology and management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) in Europe: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
William L Mason ◽  
Jean-Charles Bastien ◽  
Robert Brus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Broadleaved Tree

Abstract Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) is a valuable broadleaved tree species originating from the eastern half of the USA and Canada. It was introduced to Europe in 1691 and currently covers over 350 000 ha, being found all over the continent, except the coldest part of Scandinavia. It is a fast-growing and valuable broadleaved tree due to its ecological characteristics, good wood properties and high economic value. Northern red oak prefers deep, loose, moderately humid and acid soils, without compact horizons and of at least moderate fertility. It does not grow well on dry, calcareous soils as well as waterlogged or poorly drained soils. It is either naturally regenerated using a group shelterwood system or planted using seedlings of European provenance, collected in certified seed stands. As northern red oak is light-demanding, its management should be ‘dynamic’ and includes heavy interventions (cleaning–respacing and thinning from above), in order to minimize crown competition between the final crop trees. These should produce large diameter trees for valuable end uses (e.g. veneer, solid furniture, lumber, etc.) within a rotation period generally of 80–100 years. The necessity for pruning (both formative and high) depends on the stand stocking at establishment, the subsequent silvicultural interventions as well as the occurrence of forking. The adaptation potential of northern red oak to predicted climate change, especially drought, seems to be higher than for European native oaks, the importance of the species is expected to increase in the future.

scholarly journals Tending Cutting and Target Diameter Tables for Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Stands in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Károly Rédei ◽  
Imre Csiha ◽  
János Rásó ◽  
Csaba Kovács ◽  
Beatrix Bakti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
Wood Utilization

Abstract In addition to black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and hybrid poplars, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) can be considered the third most important exotic stand-forming tree species in Hungary. Due to its advantageous silvicultural and growth characteristics, as well as its wood utilization possibilities, the present area northern red oak stands occupy in the country amount to 15 thousand hectares. This study presents a new, simplified tending cutting table for northern red oak stands as well as an age-target diameter table suitable for quality log production within a rotation period of generally 80–85 years. The simplicity of the practice-oriented tables based on a relevant yield table may further the qualitative development of northern red oak management and wood utilization.

scholarly journals Spray deposition inside multiple-row nursery trees with a laser-guided sprayer1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
Hengyu Liu ◽  
R. H. Zondag
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Tilia Tomentosa

Abstract Multiple-row container-grown trees require specially designed sprayers to achieve efficient spray delivery. A five-port air-assisted sprayer with both automatic and manual control modes was developed to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row trees. The sprayer resulted from integration of a high-speed laser-scanning sensor with a sophisticated nozzle flow control system, an embedded computer with a touch screen, a Doppler speed sensor, a specially-designed algorithm and an air-assisted sprayer base. It was able to detect target tree presence and measure target tree size, shape and leaf density. The sprayer then controlled the spray output of each nozzle to match tree structures. The sprayer was tested for its sprayer deposition quality inside canopies in a four-row sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench) field and another six-row northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) field. Tests were conducted with the sprayer in variable-rate application (VRA) and constant-rate application (CRA) modes. The average spray deposit on foliage of trees was 1.37±0.47 μL cm−2 from VRA and 1.29±0.42 μL cm−2 from CRA in linden, and was 2.15±0.57 μL cm−2 from VRA and 2.72±0.94 μL cm−2 from CRA in red oak, respectively. In comparison, spray coverage on foliage of trees was 19.8±3.0% from VRA and 20.9±4.3% from CRA in the linden trial, and was 27.9±3.7% from VRA and 30.5±5.4% from CRA, respectively, in the red oak trial. The newly developed air-assisted sprayer in both VRA and CRA modes would be able to discharge adequate spray deposition inside multiple-row tree plants while conserving pesticide. Index words: environmental protection, pest control, pesticide, precision sprayer, spray coverage. Species used in this study: sterling silver linden (Tilia tomentosa 'Sterling Silver' Moench), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).

scholarly journals Auger Planting of Oak Seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Adrian Grell
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract In 2001, we used power augers to plant 1-0 northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Q. alba) seedlings in stony soils in Arkansas. After two growing seasons, red oak and white oak survival was 86% and 91%, respectively. Both species had only grown an average of 1 ft in height in 2 yr. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):92–93.

scholarly journals Effect of Overstory and Understory Vegetation Treatments on Removal of Planted Northern Red Oak Acorns by Rodents

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
David S. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Acorn Removal

Abstract We documented patterns in the removal of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns by rodents in red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands during a field study of oak regeneration in northern Lower Michigan. Each stand contained four overstory treatments assigned at random: clearcut, 25% cover, 50% cover, and uncut (control). Each level of canopy cover contained four randomly assigned understory treatments: shrub-layer removal, herb-layer removal, litter removal, and a control. Rodents removed acorns from 59% of the seed spots in the uncut control and 12% of the seed spots in the clearcut treatment. This five-fold difference was significant. Acorns were removed from 48% and 40% of the seed spots in the 75% and 50% canopy cover treatments, respectively. Differences in acorn removal between understory treatments were not significant. These results suggest that overstory vegetation treatments can influence the removal of planted acorns by rodents, which has implications for the use of direct seeding for artificially regenerating northern red oak.

Acorns of invasive Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) in Europe are larval hosts for moths and beetles

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Myczko ◽  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Artur Chrzanowski ◽  
Tim H. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak

Evaluating desiccation sensitivity of Quercus rubra acorns using X-ray image analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa C Goodman ◽  
Douglass F Jacobs ◽  
Robert P Karrfalt
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leaf Flush

Desiccation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns can impact seed viability. We examined use of X-ray image analysis of cotyledon damage in dried acorns to predict germination capacity and seedling vigor. Acorns collected from five half-sib sources were X-rayed before and after drying to one of four moisture content (MC) levels (30%, 25%, 20%, or 15%) or maintained as nondesiccated controls (35%–38% MC). X-ray images were scored qualitatively according to degree of cotyledon–cotyledon and cotyledon-pericarp separation. Following sowing, acorns were evaluated for number of days to reach each of three developmental stages (emergence of radicle, epicotyl, and first leaf flush) and growth for 80 d. Both MC and family significantly affected all variables. The percentage of acorns to reach each developmental stage, as well as final height and root-collar diameter declined with decreasing MC and dropped most notably between 20% and 15% MC. X-ray separation scores more effectively predicted the percentage of acorns to reach each of the first three developmental stages than MC level (R2 = 0.49–0.63 vs. 0.40–0.59). Our results confirm the recalcitrant nature of northern red oak acorns and demonstrate the potential of X-ray image analysis to provide a rapid and nondestructive means to successful predict acorn viability.

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