GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR DENSITY SENSITIVITY OF THREE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
R William Marks
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Three Components

ABSTRACT This study examines natural genetic variation in density sensitivity of three components of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster using the method of chromosome extraction. Different lines are differentially sensitive to density. The distribution of measures of density sensitivity of chromosomal homozygotes is different from that of random chromosomal heterozygotes for both location and dispersion. Density sensitivity of the components is about as variable as any of the fitness components themselves at fixed densities. The consequences of the exact nature of this density dependence are discussed with respect to the stage of the life cycle at which density dependence occurs, and the mathematical form that it takes. There is no evidence of trade-offs among the components or their density sensitivity.

scholarly journals Natural Genetic Variation and Candidate Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0160069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Paula Carreira ◽  
Julián Mensch ◽  
Esteban Hasson ◽  
Juan José Fanara
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation

scholarly journals A non-coding indel polymorphism in the fruitless gene of Drosophila melanogaster exhibits antagonistically pleiotropic fitness effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jardine ◽  
Filip Ruzicka ◽  
Charlotte Diffley ◽  
Kevin Fowler ◽  
Max Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Multiple Target ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Opposing Effects

The amount of genetic variation for fitness within populations tends to exceed that expected under mutation–selection–drift balance. Several mechanisms have been proposed to actively maintain polymorphism and account for this discrepancy, including antagonistic pleiotropy (AP), where allelic variants have opposing effects on different components of fitness. Here, we identify a non-coding indel polymorphism in the fruitless gene of Drosophila melanogaster and measure survival and reproductive components of fitness in males and females of replicate lines carrying each respective allele. Expressing the fruitless region in a hemizygous state reveals a pattern of AP, with one allele generating greater reproductive fitness and the other conferring greater survival to adulthood. Different fitness effects were observed in an alternative genetic background, which may reflect dominance reversal and/or epistasis. Our findings link sequence-level variation at a single locus with complex effects on a range of fitness components, thus helping to explain the maintenance of genetic variation for fitness. Transcription factors, such as fruitless , may be prime candidates for targets of balancing selection since they interact with multiple target loci and their associated phenotypic effects.

scholarly journals Natural genetic variation in transcriptome reflects network structure inferred with major effect mutations: insulin/TOR and associated phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

BMC Genomics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V Nuzhdin ◽  
Jennifer A Brisson ◽  
Andrew Pickering ◽  
Marta L Wayne ◽  
Lawrence G Harshman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation

scholarly journals Characterizing Male-Female Interactions Using Natural Genetic Variation in Drosophila melanogaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reinhart ◽  
T. Carney ◽  
A. G. Clark ◽  
A. C. Fiumera
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation

scholarly journals Genetic variation in male-induced harm in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160105 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. S. Filice ◽  
Tristan A. F. Long
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Accessory Gland Proteins ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fitness Index

In Drosophila melanogaster , prolonged exposure to males reduces the longevity and fecundity of females. This harm arises from the effects of male courtship behaviours and the toxic side effects of the accessory gland proteins (Acps) in their seminal fluids. Here, we examine the relationship between male exposure and its harmful effect on the lifetime fitness of his mates, and quantify the genetic basis for this variation. We found significant additive genetic variation in the magnitude of harm that males impose on females by exposing females to males from a variety of hemiclonal backgrounds for either a brief or prolonged period of time and measuring their fecundity, a meaningful fitness index. Furthermore, we discovered a strong negative correlation between the magnitude of harm and the short-term effects of male exposure on female fitness. We discuss the evolutionary significance of these results with regards to potential life-history trade-offs in females, and its relationship to male body size.

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC VARIATION FOR RECOMBINATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-547
Author(s):  
Lisa D Brooks ◽  
R William Marks
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scale Response

ABSTRACT The amount and form of natural genetic variation for recombination were studied in six lines for which second chromosomes were extracted from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. Multiply marked second, Χ and third chromosomes were used to score recombination. Recombination in the second chromosomes varied in both amount and distribution. These second chromosomes caused variation in the amount and distribution of crossing over in the Χ chromosome and also caused variation in the amount, but not the distribution, of crossing over in the third chromosome. The total amount of crossing over on a chromosome varied by 12-14%. One small region varied twofold; other regions varied by 16-38%. Lines with less crossing over on one chromosome generally had less crossing over on other chromosomes, the opposite of the standard interchromosomal effect. These results show that modifiers of recombination can affect more than one chromosome, and that the variation exists for fine-scale response to selection on recombination.

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