scholarly journals Estimation of the Allele Number in a Natural Population by the Method of Isofemale Lines

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-801
Author(s):  
P Capy ◽  
J Rouault
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isofemale Line ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT The number of alleles present in a natural population of unknown structure is estimated using a sequential sampling procedure applied to isofemale lines. Two questions are raised: how many individuals per isofemale line must be assayed and how many isofemale lines must be sampled to get an adequate sample to estimate the number of alleles, at a given risk, of the natural population? On the one hand, we show that when wild females are inseminated once, only two individuals per line are required. On the other hand, the number of isofemale lines that must be sampled depends on the risk chosen of losing an allele, on the number of alleles present in the population and on their drawing probabilities. When the population structure is known, an accurate answer can be provided. For an unknown population structure, one general sequential sampling previously described by J. Rouault and P. Capy is proposed to estimate the number of alleles in the population from data on isofemale lines.

Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed Research: Which Research Paradigm to Use?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Kamel Khaldi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Research Types ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Research students usually encounter great difficulties in setting up a viable research project mainly because, on the one hand they lack familiarity with the philosophical underpinnings of major paradigms used in educational research: quantitative, qualitative or mixed, and on the other hand , they do not associate the corresponding research types with these paradigms : experimental, non experimental for the former, and interactive or non interactive for the second and the for the latter whether it is explanatory or exploratory, in addition to the importance of triangulation in any research study . These paradigms determine not only the formulation of the problem chosen for research and the associated research questions or hypothesis but also and more importantly, the sampling procedure as well as the selection of the appropriate research tools and the way the collected data is analysed and discussed. This survey of the major paradigms in educational research and their implications for the design of any research study will hopefully provide them with the necessary guidance to approach their research project with more confidence et more efficiency.

GENETICS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIFE HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. FEMALE PRODUCTIVITY

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Yuchiro Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isofemale Line ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Total Progeny ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Starting from four basic strains of Drosophila melanogaster, two laboratory strains (cn bw, Tokyo) and two isofemale lines (B-102, B-103) originated from a wild population in Texas, we constructed by repeated backcrosses through females for 20 or more generations a total of 16 strains of all possible combinations between the chromosome sets and cytoplasmic classes. Females from these 16 synthesized strains were then examined for their reproductive performance during their entire life span.—The chromosome set from the cn bw strain was found to associate with the highest female productivity when the age of females was very young, but these females ceased their reproduction and died relatively earlier, resulting in a smaller number of total progeny. The B-102 and B-103 chromosome sets, on the other hand, were associated with the lowest productivity when the females were young, but they lived and continued reproduction longer, resulting in a larger number of total progeny. The Tokyo chromosome set was associated with female productivity intermediate between the other two groups.—Cytoplasmic factors were found to affect the productivity of young females, with the cytoplasm from the cn bw strain associated with the highest productivity. Longevity was not cytoplasmically affected.—There was a clear interaction in female productivity between the Tokyo chromosome set and the cytoplasm from the Texas isofemale lines; the lifetime female productivity, as well as longevity, associated with the Tokyo chromosome set was found to increase considerably when it was substituted into the cytoplasm of the Texas isofemale line. This chromosome-cytoplasm interaction appeared to be independent of the two systems of hybrid dysgenesis.

scholarly journals Invasion and maintenance of spore killers in populations of ascomycete fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivain Martinossi-Allibert ◽  
Carl Veller ◽  
S. Lorena Ament-Velásquez ◽  
Aaron A. Vogan ◽  
Claus Rueffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spore Killing ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi ◽  
The One

AbstractMeiotic drivers are selfish genetic elements that have the ability to become over-represented among the products of meiosis. This transmission advantage makes it possible for them to spread in a population even when they impose fitness costs on their host organisms. Whether a meiotic driver can invade a population, and subsequently reach fixation or coexist in a stable polymorphism, depends on the one hand on the biology of the host organism, including its life-cycle, mating system, and population structure, and on the other hand on the specific fitness effects of the driving allele on the host. Here, we present a population genetics model for spore killing, a type of drive specific to fungi. We show how ploidy level, rate of selfing, and efficiency of spore killing affect the invasion probability of a driving allele and the conditions for its stable coexistence with the non-driving allele. Our model can be adapted to different fungal life-cycles, and is applied here to two well-studied genera of filamentous ascomycetes known to harbor spore killing elements, Podospora and Neurospora. We discuss our results in the light of recent empirical findings for these two systems.

scholarly journals THE CROSSVEINLESS POLYGENES IN AN IOWA POPULATION

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Bradford J Boyer ◽  
Deborah L Parris ◽  
Roger Milkman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Isofemale Line ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
True Breeding

ABSTRACT A natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was tested for the presence of crossveinless (cve) alleles over the course of a summer. Approximately 8% of the wild-caught females tested carried enough cve alleles to produce true-breeding crossveinless lines. In some cases, different isofemale lines produced identical cve strains. Also, differences were sometimes observed among independently selected cve sublines of a given isofemale line.—The cv-2 allele was found to occur with a frequency of about 1% to 2%.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

Tolerance is theoretical and practical principles

1996 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Babiy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Political ideological pluralism, religious diversity are characteristic features of modern Ukrainian society. On the one hand, multiculturalism, socio-political, religious differentiation of the latter appear as important characteristics of its democracy, as a practical expression of freedom, on the other - as a factor that led to the deconsocialization of society, gave rise to "nodal points" of tension, confrontational processes, in particular, in political and religious spheres.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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