scholarly journals Incomplete maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kondo ◽  
Y Satta ◽  
E T Matsuura ◽  
H Ishiwa ◽  
N Takahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Paternal Leakage ◽  
Drosophila Mauritiana

Abstract The possibility of incomplete maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Drosophila, previously suggested by the presence of heteroplasmy, was examined by intra- and interspecific backcrosses of Drosophila simulans and its closest relative, Drosophila mauritiana. mtDNAs of offspring in these crosses were characterized by Southern hybridization with two alpha-32P-labeled probes that are specific to paternal mtDNAs. This method could detect as little as 0.03% paternal mtDNA, if present, in a sample. Among 331 lines that had been backcrossed for ten generations, four lines from the interspecific cross D. simulans (female) x D. mauritiana (male) showed clear evidence for paternal leakage of mtDNA. In three of these the maternal type was completely replaced while the fourth was heteroplasmic. Since in this experiment the total number of fertilization is known to be 331 x 10 = 3310, the proportion of paternal mtDNA per fertilization was estimated as about 0.1%. The mechanisms and evolutionary significance for paternal leakage are discussed in light of this finding.

scholarly journals copia expression is variable among natural populations of Drosophila.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
A K Csink ◽  
J F McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Copy Number Analysis ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Drosophila Mauritiana

Abstract A survey of copia (retroviral-like element) expression in flies representing 37 populations worldwide of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana demonstrates that, although copia elements are present in all three species, copia-encoded transcripts are detectable only in D. melanogaster. Levels of copia transcripts vary nearly 100-fold among flies representing geographically diverse populations of D. melanogaster and this variation is not correlated with variability in copia copy number. Analysis of transcript levels in interpopulation hybrids demonstrates that much of this variability may be attributable to the action of trans-acting controls. The geographic and phylogenetic pattern of copia expression suggests that moderate to high levels of copia expression may be a relatively recent evolutionary acquisition. The potential evolutionary significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Reduced Variation in Drosophila simulans Mitochondrial DNA

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1528
Author(s):  
J William O Ballad ◽  
Joy Hatzidakis ◽  
Timothy L Karr ◽  
Martin Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Selective Sweep ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Mutation

We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of infection of a Drosophila simulans population by a maternally inherited insect bacterial parasite, Wolbachia, by analyzing nucleotide variability in three regions of the mitochondrial genome in four infected and 35 uninfected lines. Mitochondrial variability is significantly reduced compared to a noncoding region of a nuclear-encoded gene in both uninfected and pooled samples of flies, indicating a sweep of genetic variation. The selective sweep of mitochondrial DNA may have been generated by the fixation of an advantageous mitochondrial gene mutation in the mitochondrial genome. Alternatively, the dramatic reduction in mitochondrial diversity may be related to Wolbachia.

scholarly journals Complete nucleotide sequence of the A+T-rich region of Drosophila mauritiana mitochondrial DNA

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Sugihara ◽  
Ryoko Yui ◽  
Yoko Ibaragi ◽  
Etsuko T. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Drosophila Mauritiana

Maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in ducks

1990 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lih-Yuan Lin ◽  
I-Ping Cheng ◽  
C.S. Tzeng ◽  
P.C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Maternal Transmission

scholarly journals Germline selection shapes human mitochondrial DNA diversity

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6442) ◽  
pp. eaau6520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Salih Tuna ◽  
Michael J. Keogh ◽  
Katherine R. Smith ◽  
Timothy J. Aitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Genomic Regions

Approximately 2.4% of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome exhibits common homoplasmic genetic variation. We analyzed 12,975 whole-genome sequences to show that 45.1% of individuals from 1526 mother–offspring pairs harbor a mixed population of mtDNA (heteroplasmy), but the propensity for maternal transmission differs across the mitochondrial genome. Over one generation, we observed selection both for and against variants in specific genomic regions; known variants were more likely to be transmitted than previously unknown variants. However, new heteroplasmies were more likely to match the nuclear genetic ancestry as opposed to the ancestry of the mitochondrial genome on which the mutations occurred, validating our findings in 40,325 individuals. Thus, human mtDNA at the population level is shaped by selective forces within the female germ line under nuclear genetic control, which ensures consistency between the two independent genetic lineages.

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