Direct and Indirect Pathways From Social Support to Health?

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate potential direct and indirect pathways linking social support and health, while considering mental health and chronic inflammation as inter-related outcomes. The study also contributes to the literature through testing potential bidirectional relationships between social support, mental health, and chronic inflammation. Methods This study uses Structural Equation Modeling and two waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), including 1,124 community-living older adults aged 57–85 years at Wave 1 (2005). Results Analyses show that social support influenced mental health indirectly through better self-esteem. Moreover, social support was associated with lower levels of chronic inflammation but chronic inflammation did not influence social support. Discussion The growing number of older adults with an aging population urgently calls for a greater understanding of factors influencing their physical and mental health. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of social support in older adults’ health, while specifically focusing on understudied indirect pathways from social support to health.

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on Physical and Mental Health, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation, and the Mediating Role of Stressors

10.21926/obm.icm.2101010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keita Kiuchi ◽

◽

Katsumasa Kishi ◽

Kanto Araki

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Mediating Role

This study investigated the physical and psychological impacts of elements related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and demographic data in Japan both directly and as mediated by stressors, immediately following the rescinding of the state of emergency declaration accompanying the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak. An online survey was administered to 1,500 Japanese registered with an online outsourcing service. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Mplus. Relatively large total effects were observed for “insufficient exercise” on physical health (β = –0.24, SE = 0.03), “mental health issues related to COVID-19” on mental health (β= –0.25, SE = 0.03) and psychological distress (β= 0.24, SE = 0.03), neuroticism on mental health (β= –0.30, SE = 0.02) and psychological distress (β= 0.36, SE = 0.02), and social support on suicidal ideation (β= –0.32, SE = 0.03). Thus, mitigating the harm resulting from the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 infection outbreak by raising awareness of risk factors and promoting social support is feasible.

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Dynamics of Multimorbidity Resilience and Health Outcomes Over Time in Community-Residing Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 890-891

Author(s):

Yingzhi Xu ◽

Zahra Rahmaty ◽

Eleanor McConnell ◽

Tingzhong (Michelle) Xue ◽

Bada Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Social Life ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Pain Level ◽

Reciprocal Relationships ◽

Over Time

Abstract Multimorbidity resilience may mitigate the adverse effects of multiple chronic diseases on older adults’ health. Wister et al.’s (2018) multimorbidity resilience index was developed and tested in a cross-sectional sample of older adults in Canada. Building on these findings, we examined the reciprocal relationships of resilience on outcomes to test these potentially mitigating effects in a community-based, U.S. sample of older adults over time. The study sample includes 1,054 older adults from waves 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) study (Waite et al 2020). Wister et al.’s (2018) index was mapped to NSHAP measures, and reciprocal relationships of multimorbidity resilience and health outcomes over a 5-year period was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated significant effects of multimorbidity resilience on self-rated physical health and pain. Interestingly, a better functional resilience at baseline conferred better self-rated physical health at follow-up, while better psychological resilience predicted lower pain level. By contrast, the influence of health outcomes on any domain of multimorbidity resilience was not detectable at all, supporting the direction of these associations from resilience to outcomes. The study systematically investigated the dynamic hypotheses between multimorbidity resilience and health outcomes. That is, whether they are determinants or consequences, or both. Our findings suggest multimorbidity resilience predicts subsequent 5-year change in health outcomes, especially self-rated physical health and pain level, but not vice versa, strengthening the evidence of the importance of resilience in the health of older adults.

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The Sense of Smell and Aging: What We Have Learned From Population Studies

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 810-811

Author(s):

Jayant Pinto

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Life ◽

Large Scale ◽

Population Studies ◽

Vital Role ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Sense Of Smell ◽

Health Aging

Abstract Decline of the sense of smell with age causes a marked impact on older adults, markedly reducing quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction impairs nutrition, decreases the ability to experience pleasure, and results in depression, among other burdens. Large-scale population studies have identified impaired olfaction as a key heath indicator that predicts the development of decreased physical and mental health, reduced physical activity, weight loss, mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and mortality itself. These data have been generated via analyses of data from several aging cohorts, including the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP); the Beaver Dam cohort; the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities project; the Rush Memory and Aging Project; the Health, Aging, and Body Composition project; the Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project; among others. In this presentation, we will review the close connection between olfaction, health, aging, including discussion of insights from these studies. We will also discuss emerging data from NSHAP on the effects of sensory function on cognition, mental health, and social interaction, which demonstrate that sensory function plays a vital role in the lives of older adults. Part of a symposium sponsored by Sensory Health Interest Group.

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A longitudinal study on psychosocial causes and consequences of Internet gaming disorder in adolescence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171800082x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 287-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lutz Wartberg ◽

Levente Kriston ◽

Matthias Zieglmeier ◽

Tania Lincoln ◽

Rudolf Kammerl

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Parental Mental Health ◽

Standardized Measures ◽

Internet Gaming

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was incorporated in the current version of the DSM-5. IGD refers to a problematic use of video games. Longitudinal studies on the etiology of IGD are lacking. Furthermore, it is currently unclear to which extent associated psychopathological problems are causes or consequences of IGD. In the present survey, longitudinal associations between IGD and adolescent and parental mental health were investigated for the first time, as well as the temporal stability of IGD.MethodsIn a cross-lagged panel design study, family dyads (adolescent with a parent each) were examined in 2016 (t1) and again 1 year later (2017, t2). Overall, 1095 family dyads were assessed at t1 and 985 dyads were re-assessed at t2 with standardized measures of IGD and several aspects of adolescent and parental mental health. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsMale gender, a higher level of hyperactivity/inattention, self-esteem problems and IGD at t1 were predictors of IGD at t2. IGD at t1 was a predictor for adolescent emotional distress at t2. Overall, 357 out of the 985 adolescents received a diagnosis of IGD at t1 or t2: 142 (14.4%) at t1 and t2, 100 (10.2%) only at t1, and 115 (11.7%) only at t2.ConclusionsHyperactivity/inattention and self-esteem problems seem to be important for the development of IGD. We found first empirical evidence that IGD could prospectively contribute to a deterioration of adolescent mental health. Only a subgroup of affected adolescents showed IGD consistently over 1 year.

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Lifestyle and Shiftwork: Designing and Testing a Model for Health Promotion of Iranian Nurses

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association ◽

10.1177/1078390319886658 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamidreza Mokarami ◽

Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani ◽

Ali Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi ◽

Fariba Kiani ◽

Mohammad Faridan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Well Being ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Physical And Mental Health

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle is one factor that forms the nurses’ health, particularly those who work in shiftwork schedules. AIMS: The aim of this study was to design and test a model for health promotion of Iranian nurses. In this model, nurses’ lifestyle was considered as the precedent, physical and mental health as the outcomes, and sleep disturbance and chronic fatigue as the mediators. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling was conducted among 240 shiftworker nurses in Iran. The data collection was performed using the Persian versions of the Survey of Shiftworkers Questionnaire and Life Style Questionnaire. Bootstrap in Preacher and Hayes’ Macro program was used for testing mediation. RESULTS: Lifestyle had a weak significant direct effect on physical (β = 0.13, p < .04) and mental health (β = 0.12, p < .02), and it had a significant indirect effect on physical health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.11, p < .001) and sleep disturbance (β = −0.05, p < .01). This variable only had a significant indirect effect on mental health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.19, p < .001). The final model proposed a new significant path between sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue (β = 0.22, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the hospital officials can enhance the nurses’ physical and mental well-being by providing interventions and training courses on aspects of healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of body weight.

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Condition openness is associated with better mental health in individuals with an intersex/differences of sex development condition: structural equation modeling of European multicenter data

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721004001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Tim C. van de Grift ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Study Patient ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Sex Development ◽

Differences Of Sex Development

Abstract Background Openness on one's health condition or (stigmatized) identity generally improves mental health. Intersex or differences of sex development (DSD) conditions have long been kept concealed and high levels of (internalizing) mental health problems are reported. This study examines the effects of condition openness on anxiety and depression and the role of mediating concepts in this population. Methods Cross-sectional data of individuals of 16 years and older with an intersex/DSD condition was collected in 14 specialized European clinics as part of the dsd-LIFE study. Patient-reported measures were taken on openness and shame (Coping with DSD), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), satisfaction with care (CSQ4), anxiety and depression (HADS). Scores were compared per clinical group and data were analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) to calculate prediction and mediation models. Results Data of 903 individuals were included in this study (Turner syndrome (n = 284), 46, XY DSD (n = 233), CAH (n = 206) and Klinefelter syndrome (n = 180)). Participants were moderately open on their condition. High levels of both anxiety and depression were observed across the sample. In SEM analysis, the tested models predicted 25% of openness, 31% of anxiety and 48% of depression. More condition openness directly predicted lower anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as indirectly through increased self-esteem, self-satisfaction and satisfaction with social support. Conclusions Condition openness is associated with lower anxiety and depression in individuals with an intersex/DSD condition. Healthcare may provide the necessary knowledge and skills to employ one's optimal level of self-disclosure in order to improve mental health.

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Sensory Impairments and Social Isolation Among Hispanic Older Adults: Towards Culturally Sensitive Measurement of Social Isolation

10.1101/2021.11.16.21266422 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Corinna Trujillo Tanner ◽

Jeremy B. Yorgason ◽

Stephanie Richardson ◽

Alisha H. Redelfs ◽

Melanie M. Y. Serrao Hill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Culturally Sensitive ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

Hearing Disability ◽

Vision Disability ◽

Sensory Disability

Abstract Objectives: Sensory disabilities, including vision disability and hearing disability, increase risk for social isolation, which is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Existing literature suggests that the cultural value of familism may provide a buffer against social isolation. We examined the longitudinal trajectory of social isolation among Hispanic older adults with self-reported vision disability (SRVD) and self-reported hearing disability (SRHD) and tested a modified measure of social isolation incorporating familism. Methods: We compared 8-year trajectories of social isolation among Hispanics (n = 445) and non-Hispanic Whites (n = 4,861) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. We used structural equation modeling to explore the longitudinal relationships between sensory disability and social isolation while comparing two measures of social isolation. Results: Social isolation increased longitudinally for both groups, with SRVD significantly associated with higher initial levels. Social isolation started and remained higher across time among Hispanics. Using an adjusted measure of social isolation (added familial support), neither initial levels nor trajectories of social isolation differed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White participants. Discussion: Initially, Hispanics appeared more socially isolated, reporting less social support from outside the home. Yet, we found that they were more likely to report family social connections. Traditional measures of social isolation focusing on social support outside of the home (neglecting support by family) may lack content validity among Hispanic groups. Culturally sensitive measures of social isolation will be increasingly consequential for future research and health policy to meet the needs of a diverse older population. Keywords: Social Isolation, Sensory Disability, Hispanic, Familism, Culture

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Physical and Mental Health Differences Reported by Three Age Groups of Older Adults With Diabetes

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/23337214211055897 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 233372142110558

Author(s):

Jungjoo Lee ◽

Junhyung Kim ◽

Richard Holden

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Life ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Age Groups ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Health Differences ◽

Using Data ◽

Univariate Analyses

Most studies have classified older adults with diabetes into one group despite substantial variation in health status across different stages of late adulthood. In this study, we examined difference in self-reported physical and mental health among three age groups of older adults with diabetes. Using data from the 2016 National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, Wave 3, we classified 424 individuals diagnosed with diabetes into three age groups, young-old (YO): 50–64 years; middle-old (MO): 65–74; and oldest old (OO): 75+ years. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess group differences, followed by univariate analyses. The results indicate that the YO group reported significantly lower physical health and higher depression than the MO group and higher levels of loneliness than the MO and OO groups. These findings indicate that physical and mental health may differ among different age groups of older adults with diabetes and suggest that the YO might be more vulnerable to diminished physical and mental health than the other age groups.

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Migration Status, Internet Use, and Social Participation among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Consequences for Depression

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17166007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 6007

Author(s):

Qian Liu ◽

Haimin Pan ◽

Yuanyuan Wu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Participation ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Regression Models ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Internet Use ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Migration Status

This study aimed to examine the underlying relationship between migration status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China. Data were derived from three waves of panel data (2011, 2013, and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Two-level regression models and generalized structural equation modeling were run to fit the data. The results showed that migration status of the respondents could ameliorate their depression (β = −0.02, p < 0.01), so did internet use (β = −0.02, p < 0.001), and social participation (β = −0.06, p < 0.001). The indirect effects of migration status on depression through internet use and of internet use on depression through social participation existed. The effects of migration status, internet use, and social participation in decreasing depression were discussed. Provided the associations among migration status, internet use, social participation, and depression, attention should be paid on increasing protective aspects of migration among middle-aged and older adults, such as internet use and social participation, to enhance their mental health.

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Resilience in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Turkish Adolescents: An Ecological Perspective

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x20959535 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0044118X2095953

Author(s):

Özden Sevil-Gülen ◽

Ayhan Demir

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

High School Students ◽

Structural Equation ◽

School Belonging ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Parental Acceptance ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

School Students ◽

Peer Social Support ◽

Sense Of School Belonging

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem as mediator in the relationships between perceived parental acceptance/involvement, perceived peer social support, sense of school belonging and resilience in adolescents attending schools located in low socioeconomic districts. The sample of the study consisted of 1312 high school students (673 female, 639 male) between the ages of 13 to 19 ( M = 15.67, SD = 1.18). Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Results showed that perceived parental acceptance/involvement, perceived peer social support, sense of school belonging and self-esteem were positive and significant predictors of resilience. Furthermore, self-esteem partially mediated the association between perceived parental acceptance/involvement, perceived peer social support, sense of school belonging and resilience. The proposed model explained 33% of the variance in resilience. Overall, findings contributed to the understanding of the simultaneous influence of multilevel resources in adolescent resilience.

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