scholarly journals A Time-, Gender-, and Disease-State Invariant Model of Fitness Across the Adult Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 400-400
Author(s):  
Scott Maitland ◽  
Paula Brauer ◽  
David Mutch ◽  
Dawna Royall ◽  
Doug Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Disease State ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Measurement Models

Abstract In studies of community-based health behavior interventions (diet and physical activity) one goal in analysis is to show expected relationships between measures of intervention and clinically relevant outcomes. Many programs fail to show such clear links for many reasons beyond lack of intervention effectiveness. These secondary analyses were undertaken to assess if the measurement properties (stability and responsiveness) of intervention measures could have contributed to study findings. A feasibility study of lifestyle treatment of metabolic syndrome (n=293; mean age = 59yrs) had achieved 19% reversal over one year, yet neither diet quality nor fitness were associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine fit of measurement models and factorial invariance was tested across three time points (baseline, 3-month, 12-month), gender (male/female), and disease status (diabetes) for the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) (Canada 2005) and several fitness measures (VO2max, flexibility, curl-ups, push-ups). The model fit for HEI was poor and could account for the lack of association seen in the original study. More development of diet quality measures is needed. The model for fitness, however, demonstrated excellent fit and displayed measurement equivalence across time, gender, and disease state. A higher degree of confidence exists when measurement equivalence/invariance is demonstrated, allowing for reliable tests of differences in comparison groups. The use of a multiple measure of fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and strength, helps eliminate limitations of using measures from a single domain or self-reported data is promising and should be considered in future work.

scholarly journals Diet quality and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among South Asians in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatheema B. Subhan ◽  
Catherine B. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Dietary Recommendations

South Asians have a higher prevalence of early onset cardiovascular disease risk compared with other populations. Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary patterns in immigrants and successive generations of South Asians settled in Western countries undergo adaptions. Little is known about the dietary intake of South Asians in Alberta, thus the objective of the present study was to describe the dietary patterns among South Asians and their risks for cardiovascular diseases. A retrospective analysis of data collected from 140 South Asian adults participating in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used an indicator of overall diet quality and adherence to dietary recommendations made by Health Canada. Central obesity (70%), hypercholesterolemia (27%), and hypertension (14%) were predominant health conditions observed in the study participants. About 56% and 44% of participants obtained moderate and poor HEI scores, respectively. The diet quality of the majority of participants was inadequate to meet macro- and micronutrient intake recommendations. The high prevalence of poor/moderate diet quality and pre-existing chronic health conditions across all body mass index groups is a cause for concern in this population.

scholarly journals A Nationally Representative Analysis of Trends in Socioeconomic Inequities in Diet Quality Between 2004 and 2015 Among Adults Living in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1074-1074
Author(s):  
Dana Olstad ◽  
Sara Nejatinamini ◽  
Charlie Victorino ◽  
Sharon Kirkpatrick ◽  
Leia Minaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives Diet quality is a key determinant of chronic disease and shares a similar socioeconomic patterning. Inequities in diet quality are stable or widening in the US, however these trends have not been examined in other nations. Moreover, prior US studies only examined differences in diet quality between the most and least disadvantaged groups in absolute terms. Quantifying trends in relative terms and along the full socioeconomic gradient according to multiple indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) can provide a more comprehensive perspective to inform optimal points of intervention. The purpose of this study was to quantify nationally representative trends in absolute and relative gaps and gradients in diet quality between 2004 and 2015 according to three indicators of SEP among adults living in Canada. Methods Adults (≥18 years) who participated in the nationally representative, cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition in 2004 (n = 20,880) or 2015 (n = 13,970) were included. SEP was classified based on annual gross household income (quintiles), education (5 categories) and neighborhood deprivation (quintiles). Dietary intake data from interviewer-administered 24-hour recalls were used to derive Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores. Dietary inequities were quantified using four indices: absolute gaps, relative gaps, absolute gradients (slope index of inequality) and relative gradients (relative index of inequality). Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression models examined trends in HEI-2015 scores between 2004 and 2015. Results Mean HEI-2015 scores improved significantly from 55.3 in 2004 to 59.0 in 2015 (maximum 100 points); however these trends were not consistently equitable. While inequities in HEI-2015 scores were stable in females, the absolute gap and gradient in HEI-2015 scores according to household income increased in males, as did the absolute gradient according to education. Conclusions Absolute and relative gaps and gradients in diet quality remained stable or widened between 2004 and 2015 in Canada. Novel policies are needed to tackle these avoidable inequities. Providing universal access to resources with a scale and intensity proportionate to need (i.e., proportionate universalism) may reduce inequities in diet quality and thus, chronic disease risk. Funding Sources Not applicable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Latent Models Assessing Physical Fitness and the Healthy Eating Index in Community Studies: Time-, Sex-, and Diabetes-Status Invariance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4258
Author(s):  
Scott B. Maitland ◽  
Paula Brauer ◽  
David M. Mutch ◽  
Dawna Royall ◽  
Doug Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Diabetes Status

Accurate measurement requires assessment of measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) to demonstrate that the tests/measurements perform equally well and measure the same underlying constructs across groups and over time. Using structural equation modeling, the measurement properties (stability and responsiveness) of intervention measures used in a study of metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment in primary care offices, were assessed. The primary study (N = 293; mean age = 59 years) had achieved 19% reversal of MetS overall; yet neither diet quality nor aerobic capacity were correlated with declines in cardiovascular disease risk. Factor analytic methods were used to develop measurement models and factorial invariance were tested across three time points (baseline, 3-month, 12-month), sex (male/female), and diabetes status for the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (2005 HEI-C) and several fitness measures combined (percentile VO2 max from submaximal exercise, treadmill speed, curl-ups, push-ups). The model fit for the original HEI-C was poor and could account for the lack of associations in the primary study. A reduced HEI-C and a 4-item fitness model demonstrated excellent model fit and measurement equivalence across time, sex, and diabetes status. Increased use of factor analytic methods increases measurement precision, controls error, and improves ability to link interventions to expected clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and globally. Dietary risk factors contribute to over half of all CVD deaths and CVD-related disability. The aim of this narrative review is to describe methods used to assess diet quality and the current state of evidence on the relationship between diet quality and risk of CVD. The findings of the review will be discussed in the context of current population intake patterns and dietary recommendations. Several methods are used to calculate diet quality: (1) a priori indices based on dietary recommendations; (2) a priori indices based on foods or dietary patterns associated with risk of chronic disease; (3) exploratory data-driven methods. Substantial evidence from prospective cohort studies shows that higher diet quality, regardless of the a priori index used, is associated with a 14–29% lower risk of CVD and 0.5–2.2 years greater CVD-free survival time. Limited evidence is available from randomized controlled trials, although evidence shows healthy dietary patterns improve risk factors for CVD and lower CVD risk. Current dietary guidance for general health and CVD prevention and management focuses on following a healthy dietary pattern throughout the lifespan. High diet quality is a unifying component of all dietary recommendations and should be the focus of national food policies and health promotion.

Abstract MP56: Specific Nutrients Associate Better Than Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Score With Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 25 Years: The Princeton Lipid Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Beck ◽  
Jessica G Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Diet is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease risk and is the basis for dietary guidelines such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. However, little is known about how childhood dietary habits are maintained into adulthood or how child to adult, or adult to adult changes in diet may influence disease risk. Hypothesis: Our goal was to examine the relationship between diet quality, cardiovascular disease risk, and changes in diet quality over time. We hypothesized that diets lacking in nutrients for ideal cardiovascular health would be conserved from childhood to adulthood. This would be reflected as increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Methods: Diet data was analyzed from the Princeton Lipid Research study (24 hour recall in the 70’s; Block Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1998). Diet quality at each visit was assessed as a ranking of 15 different macro/micronutrients and by a modified DASH index based on 9 nutrient targets and adapted for children. Outcomes in both childhood and adulthood included: glucose intolerance/diabetes, high blood pressure/hypertension, dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Linear and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, occupation and education of self or head of household, and marital status. Results: Analysis included 221 total individuals in Generation 1 (parents at initial visit; 39% (86 of 221) male, mean age 38.9 ± 6.5 followed up at 66.6 ± 6.6 years) and 606 individuals in Generation 2 (45% (271 of 606) male, mean age 11.9 ± 3.23 at initial visit and 38.5 ± 3.6 years at follow up). Generation 1 increased in total DASH score from initial visit to follow-up (1.74 ± 0.95 → 2.11 ± 1.33) while Generation 2 decreased (1.91 ± 0.80 → 1.64 ± 1.13). Overall DASH score was not significantly associated with baseline or follow up outcomes in childhood or adulthood. However, in Generation 2 at follow-up, fiber, potassium, iron, niacin, and vitamin A were associated with hypertension; fiber and sugar with hyperlipidemia; cholesterol with obesity; and saturated fat with diabetes in Generation 1. Conclusions: Overall diet quality was poor in both generations and changed little over time. In conclusion, no relationship was detected between DASH diet accordance and disease outcomes, however certain nutrients are associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk.

Taste phenotype associates with cardiovascular disease risk factors via diet quality in multivariate modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastaneh Sharafi ◽  
Shristi Rawal ◽  
Maria Luz Fernandez ◽  
Tania B. Huedo-Medina ◽  
Valerie B. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Modeling ◽  
Taste Phenotype

scholarly journals The Contribution of Dietary Composition Over 25 Years to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and Adulthood: The Princeton Lipid Research Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1013-1013
Author(s):  
Leah Beck ◽  
Jessica Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Lipid Research ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Our goal was to examine the relationship between diet quality, cardiovascular disease risk, and changes in diet quality over time. We hypothesized that diets lacking in nutrients for ideal cardiovascular health would be conserved from childhood to adulthood. This would be reflected as increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Methods Diet data was analyzed from the Princeton Lipid Research study (24 hour recall in the 70’s; Block Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1998). Diet quality at each visit was assessed as a ranking of 15 different macro/micronutrients and by a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index based on 9 nutrient targets and adapted for children. Outcomes for childhood/adulthood included: glucose intolerance/diabetes, high blood pressure/hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia (HLD), and obesity. Linear and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for age, race, sex, body mass index, occupation and education of self or head of household, and marital status. Results Analysis included 221 total individuals in Generation 1 (parents at initial visit; 39% male, mean age 38.9 ± 6.5 followed up at 66.6 ± 6.6 years) and 606 individuals in Generation 2 (45% male, mean age 11.9 ± 3.23 at initial visit and 38.5 ± 3.6 years at follow up). Generation 1 increased in total DASH score from initial visit to follow-up (1.74 ± 0.95 → 2.11 ± 1.33) while Generation 2 decreased (1.91 ± 0.80 → 1.64 ± 1.13). Overall DASH score was not significantly associated with baseline or follow up outcomes in childhood or adulthood. However, in Generation 2 at follow-up, fiber, potassium, iron, niacin, and vitamin A were associated with HTN; fiber, potassium, and sugar with HLD; cholesterol with obesity; and saturated fat with diabetes in Generation 1. Conclusions Overall diet quality was poor in both generations and changed little over time. No relationship was detected between DASH diet accordance and disease outcomes, however certain nutrients are associated with and may contribute to higher cardiovascular disease risk. Funding Sources Supported by the NIH grant for the University of Cincinnati's Medical Student Summer Research Program.

scholarly journals Poorer Diet Quality Observed Among US Adults With a Greater Number of Clinical Chronic Disease Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094589
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Fanelli ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Janell L. Pisegna ◽  
Owen J. Kelly ◽  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Total Score Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Obesity and chronic disease risk are significantly related to healthy lifestyle behavior, including dietary intakes. Further, the interrelated etiology of many chronic conditions supports the comorbidity in US adults to manage multiple diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality across varying numbers of existing conditions, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from 17 356 adults aged 45 years and older from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for the presence of overweight or obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2), hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin >5.7%), hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg). Overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores computed from the intakes reported during the 24-hour dietary recall collected in the mobile examination center. The total score (range 0-100) is based on the sum of 13 subscales that represent concordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Results Few adults presented with no markers of chronic disease (n = 407), with other presenting 1 indicator (n = 1978), 2 indicators (n = 4614), 3 indicators (n = 6319), and all 4 indicators (4038). While there was no significant difference in mean energy intakes on the day of intake, those with all 4 markers of chronic disease had a significantly poorer diet quality ( P < .001) and consumed significantly more saturated fat ( P = .026), but significantly less total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugars ( P < .005). While mean consumption of protein was lowest in those with more chronic conditions, the differences were not significant. Conclusion Overall dietary intakes from the day of intake indicated that those with a greater number of chronic conditions presented with poorer overall dietary intakes. The foundational intervention strategy across all evidence-based treatment strategies is the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document