scholarly journals Educational Mobility and Age-Related Decrements in Kidney Function Across Adulthood Among Black and White Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 399-399
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis Santos ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
Christopher Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
High Status ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Related ◽  
White Adults

Abstract This paper examines the association between educational mobility and age-related decrements in kidney function. Data from the main survey and the Biomarker Project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Wave 2 and Refresher samples were combined, resulting in 1,861 adults (54.5% female; age 25-84, Mage=53.37) who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (n=326) and non-Hispanic white (n=1,535). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was based on serum creatinine, calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. Intergenerational educational mobility was based on the comparison between parental education (no high school/HS degree versus HS degree or higher) and participant’s education level (HS degree or lower versus some college versus bachelor’s degree or higher). Results from regression analysis indicated that Black participants in the moderate upward mobility group (parental education = no HS degree, participant’s education = some college) showed significantly steeper age-related decrements in eGFR across adulthood compared to Black adults with higher stable high status (parental education = HS degree or higher, participant’s education = bachelor’s degree or higher), B=-0.70, SE=0.26, p=.008, or white adults with higher stable high status, B= 0.58, SE=0.29, p=.044. A steeper age-related decrement in eGFR is known as a reliable risk factor for chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. These findings support the notion of skin-deep resilience among Black adults who experience upward socioeconomic mobility. We explored multiple psychosocial factors that may explain these findings, including lifetime and daily discrimination, social status and financial strains, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms.

Life Course Pathways from Parental Education to Age-Related Decrements in Kidney Function Among Black and White American Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 105291
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis R. Santos ◽  
Jonathan K. Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
David M. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
White American ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Life Course Pathways From Childhood SES to Age-Related Declines in Kidney Function Across Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Alexis Santos ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
Christopher Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age is a strong predictor of declines in kidney function across adulthood. Using data from 2,045 adults (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the life course pathways through which low parental education, through adult SES and body mass index (BMI), was associated with faster age-related declines in kidney function. Kidney function declines by 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year across adulthood. Lower parental education, through adult SES and BMI, was associated with higher kidney function among younger adults (Est = -1.61, SE = 0.62, 95%CI = -2.62, -0.60), but lower kidney function among older adults (Est = 0.93, SE = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.11, 1.79). The impact of early socioeconomic adversity on kidney function is initiated by kidney hyperfiltration in early adulthood and followed by faster declines and development into disease state in later adulthood.

scholarly journals The Role of Stressful Childhood Experiences in Shaping Later-Life Memory Loss Among Black and White U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Caroline Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
White Adults

Abstract Cognitive decline common in the U.S. and greatly impacts quality of life, both for those who experience it and for those who care for them. Black Americans experience higher burdens of cognitive decline but the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been fully elucidated. Stress experienced in early life is a promising explanatory factor, since stress and cognition are linked, childhood stressors been shown to have a range of negative implications later in life, and Black children experience more childhood stressors than White children, on average. In this paper, we use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine whether stressful experiences in childhood help explain Black-White disparities in memory loss. These data were available for 5 state-years between 2011 and 2017 (n=11,708). Preliminary results indicate that, while stressful childhood experiences are strongly associated with memory loss, stressful experiences do not mediate the association between race and memory loss. However, race does appear to moderate the association between stressful childhood experiences and memory loss. Specifically, stressful experiences are associated with a higher likelihood of memory loss for Black adults compared to White adults.In addition, there seem to be some noteworthy patterns across different types of experiences (i.e. parental drinking may predict later memory loss more strongly for Black adults than White adults, but parental hitting may predict memory loss more strongly for White adults than Black adults).

scholarly journals Disparities in insulin resistance between black and white adults in the United States: The role of lifespan stress exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
Lydia K. Homandberg ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova ◽  
David R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Adults

Weight as a Measure for the Net Nutritional Transition From Bound to Free Labor: A Difference-in-Decompositions Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 003464462097392
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Net Nutrition

A population’s weight conditioned on height reflects its current net nutrition and demonstrates health variation during economic development. This study builds on the use of weight as a measure for current net nutrition and uses a difference-in-decompositions technique as it relates to institutional change to illustrate how Black and White current net nutrition varied with the transition to free-labor. Adult Black age-related weight gain was greater with the transition to free-labor yet was not as large as the adult White age-related weight gain. Agricultural worker’s current net nutrition was better than workers in other occupations, but was worse-off with the transition to free labor. Birth place within the United States had the greatest effect with across and within-group weight changes and the transition to free-labor. Within-group weight variation was greater than across-group variation.

scholarly journals Why are black adults over-represented among individuals who have experienced lifetime homelessness? Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of homelessness among US male adults

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214305
Author(s):  
Taeho Greg Rhee ◽  
Robert A Rosenheck
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
White Men ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
White Adults

BackgroundNon-Hispanic black adults experience homelessness at higher rates than non-Hispanic white adults in many studies. We aim to identify factors that could account for this disparity.MethodsWe used national survey data on non-Hispanic black and white men with complete data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis, we examined race-based disparities in correlates of risk for lifetime homelessness.ResultsIn our analysis, 905 of 11 708 (7.7%) respondents, representing 6 million adults nationwide, reported lifetime homelessness. Black adults were 1.41 times more likely to have been homeless than white adults (95% CI 1.14 to 1.73; p=0.002). Overall, 81.6% of race-based inequality in lifetime homelessness were explained by three main variables with black adults having: lower incomes, greater incarceration histories since age of 18 and a greater risk of traumatic events (p<0.01 for each). They also had more antisocial personality disorder, younger age and parental drug use (p<0.05 for each).ConclusionAlthough previous studies suggested that black homeless men have higher rates of drug abuse than white homeless men, our findings highlight the fact that black–white disparities in lifetime homeless risk are associated with socio-structural factors (eg, income and incarceration) and individual adverse events (eg, traumatic events), and not associated with psychiatric or substance use disorders.

scholarly journals CHILDHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SENSE OF CONTROL OVER COGNITIVE AGING: DO GENES MODERATE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S881-S881
Author(s):  
Addam S Reynolds ◽  
Emily Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Individuals who lack a sense of control over cognitive aging (SOC-CA) believe little can be done to optimize their cognitive functioning. While prior research indicates that higher SOC-CA is a protective factor against age-related cognitive decline, few studies have examined predictors of change in SOC-CA. To address this gap, we used data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Guided by prior research on linkages between socioeconomic status (SES) and control beliefs, we examined childhood SES as an early life course influence on changes in SOC-CA. The analytic sample consisted of 663 White participants, ages 34 to 81, who were interviewed in 2004 and approximately nine years later. SOC-CA was measured by using three items from the Personality in Aging Context scale, and childhood SES encompassed retrospective reports of parental education and occupational status. A hierarchical linear model was estimated, which modeled SOC-CA at baseline, as well as change over the study period, controlling for gender, age, ancestry, and adult SES. While childhood SES was not associated with SOC-CA at baseline nor over time, a statistically significant gene-environment interaction was found over the 9-year study period. Specifically, participants who scored high on a polygenetic measure for cognitive ability and reported high childhood SES demonstrated a faster rate of decline in SOC-CA. These findings indicate that inter-individual differences stemming from early life influence people’s SOC-CA as they age. Overall, results suggest the importance of subgroup differences within efforts to engage individuals in preventive measures to optimize healthy brain aging.

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