scholarly journals AgingPLUS: Examining the Malleability of Implicit Views of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
Garrett Forsyth ◽  
Abigail Nehrkorn-Bailey ◽  
Diana Rodriguez ◽  
Kat Thompson ◽  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract AgingPLUS also examines whether the intervention can change participants’ implicit VOA. To that end, participants completed a lexical decision-making task (LDMT) and the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) at baseline and post-intervention. One-way ANCOVAs with baseline scores as covariate were used for these analyses. For LDMT, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding their post-intervention latencies for old-positive words, F(1,181) = 0.01, p = .60, old-negative words, F(1,181) = 0.43, p = .51, young-positive words, F(1,181) = 0.19, p = .67, and young-negative words, F(1,181) = 1.16, p = .28. For BIAT, both groups showed a slight preference for the young at baseline (mean d = 0.39), and post-intervention (mean d = 0.38). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding post-intervention d scores, F(1,181) = 0.002, p = .97. These preliminary findings suggest that in the current subsample, AgingPLUS did not significantly change participants’ implicit VOA.

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

<p>Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (<i>N</i> = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (<i>D</i>-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced <i>D-</i>scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.</p>

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722097448
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and nonconstruct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: Change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs of interest or changes in other mental processes. We reanalyzed data from six studies ( N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race implicit association test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance ( D-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making) and nonconstruct-specific processes (speed–accuracy trade-offs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced D-scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed–accuracy trade-offs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were affected by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

<p>Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (<i>N</i> = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (<i>D</i>-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced <i>D-</i>scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.</p>

scholarly journals A diffusion model approach for understanding the impact of 17 interventions on the race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (D-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced D-scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.

Different Attitudes toward Humor between Chinese and American Students: Evidence from the Implicit Association Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Xiao Dong Yue ◽  
Su Lu
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Significant Difference

Although cross-cultural research indicates that Chinese people demonstrate less humor than do Americans, little research addresses the reasons. This cross-cultural difference may be largely due to different implicit attitudes toward humor held by Chinese and Americans, deeply rooted in the two cultural traditions. Both self-report evaluation and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) were used to compare Chinese and American attitudes toward humor. Although 60 Chinese undergraduate students showed no significant difference from 33 American exchange students in explicit attitudes toward humor, the former associated humor more frequently with unpleasant adjectives and seriousness with pleasant adjectives on the IAT; the opposite pattern was found for the American group. This indicated a negative implicit attitude toward humor among the Chinese students.

Men Are Hierarchical, Women Are Egalitarian: An Implicit Gender Stereotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schmid Mast
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Two Samples

The goal of the present study was to provide empirical evidence for the existence of an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype indicating that men are more readily associated with hierarchies and women are more readily associated with egalitarian structures. To measure the implicit hierarchy gender stereotype, the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald et al., 1998) was used. Two samples of undergraduates (Sample 1: 41 females, 22 males; Sample 2: 35 females, 37 males) completed a newly developed paper-based hierarchy-gender IAT. Results showed that there was an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype: the association between male and hierarchical and between female and egalitarian was stronger than the association between female and hierarchical and between male and egalitarian. Additionally, men had a more pronounced implicit hierarchy gender stereotype than women.

What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Explicit Prejudice ◽  
Turkish People

Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

Implicit Association Test: Separating Transsituationally Stable and Variable Components of Attitudes toward Gay Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Axel Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Implicit Association

Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, using structural equation modeling, we decomposed implicit attitudes towards gay men into a person factor and a situational factor. The Implicit Association Test ( Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ), introduced as an instrument with which individual differences in implicit attitudes can be measured, was used. Measurement was repeated after one week (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). Explicit attitudes towards gay men as assessed by way of questionnaires were positive and stable across situations. Implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead. Internal consistency of the implicit attitude assessment was exemplary. However, the within-situation consistency was accompanied by considerable unexplained between-situation variability. Consequently, it may not be adequate to interpret an individual implicit attitude measured at a given point in time as a person-related, trait-like factor.

Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Han L. J. van der Maas ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

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