Limitations in Physical Activities and Loneliness: The Role of Guilt for Perceiving Oneself as a Burden

Abstract Loneliness is a prevalent problem associated with negative health consequences for older adults, such as greater cognitive decline. Limitations to perform physical activities have been associated with greater loneliness in older adults. This association could be moderated by maladaptive social cognition or feelings, such as guilt associated with perceiving oneself as a burden. The objective of this study was to analyze the moderating effect of guilt associated with perceiving oneself as a burden in the relationship between limitations in physical activities and loneliness. Participants were 195 community-dwelling people 60 years or older not showing explicit cognitive or functional limitations that prevent activities of daily life, but who may present limitations in some physical activities (e.g., walking a kilometer or more). A linear regression analysis was conducted for testing the interaction between limitations in physical activities and guilt for perceiving oneself as a burden in loneliness, controlling for gender and age. The interaction between limitations in physical activities and guilt for perceiving oneself as a burden was the only significant predictor of loneliness and the model explained 18.30% of the variance. Limitations in physical activities influenced loneliness when people have high levels of guilt for perceiving oneself as a burden. This study suggests that guilt for perceiving oneself as a burden may play an important role in the association between limitations in some physical activities and loneliness.

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The relationship between dietary variety and frailty in Japanese older adult women during the period of restriction on outings due to COVID-19

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbaa218 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naoto Otaki ◽

Megumu Yano ◽

Miyuki Yokoro ◽

Norikazu Tanino ◽

Keisuke Fukuo

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Adult Women ◽

Dietary Variety ◽

The Relationship ◽

Frailty Score

Abstract Objective This study investigated the relationship between diet and frailty in community-dwelling older adults during the period of restriction on outings due to COVID-19. A population of 322 women aged 65 years or older living in the community was recruited for the study, of whom 253 were analyzed. Method A mail survey was carried out in May 2020, targeting adults aged 65 years or older. The survey included questions regarding sex, age, height, weight, and social participation. Dietary variety score and frailty score were also calculated. Results Mean age for the 253 participants was 80.0±6.4 years. Dietary variety score and frailty score were significantly correlated under linear regression analysis (β :-0.224, P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, these factors remained significantly correlated in Model 2 , which was adjusted for age (β :-0.229, P < 0.001), and Model 3, which was adjusted for age, BMI, and other confounding factors (β :-0.208, P = 0.001). Conclusion Diet was correlated with frailty in older adults living in the community during the period of restriction on outings due to COVID-19.

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Association between objectively measured walking steps and sleep in community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243910

Author(s):

Noriyuki Kimura ◽

Yasuhiro Aso ◽

Kenichi Yabuuchi ◽

Etsuro Matsubara

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Sleep Parameters ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

The Relationship

Physical inactivity and sleep disturbances are major problems in an ageing society. There is increasing evidence that physical activity is associated with sleep quality. However, the association between daily walking steps and sleep remain unclear. This prospective study examined the relationship between objectively measured daily walking steps and sleep parameters in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. In total, 855 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and above, with an uninterrupted follow-up from August 2015 to March 2016, were enrolled. The participants wore a wristband sensor for an average of 7.8 days every three months. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between daily walking steps and sleep parameters, including the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time awake after sleep onset (WASO), awakening time count during the night, and naptime. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age of the participants was 73 (69–78) years, with 317 (37.1%) men and 538 (62.9%) women. The median (IQR) educational level was 12 (11–12) years, and the median (IQR) Mini-Mental State Examination score was 29 (27–30) points. The number of daily walking steps showed a positive correlation with sleep efficiency and an inverse correlation with WASO, awakening time count, and naptime, after adjusting for covariates and correcting for the false discovery rate (β = 0.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.034 to 0.162, p = 0.003; β = −0.107, 95% CI: −0.172 to −0.043, p = 0.001; β = −0.105, 95% CI: −0.17 to −0.04, p = 0.002; and β = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.371 to −0.249, p < 0.001, respectively). Our results can help promote walking as an intervention for preventing sleep disturbances in community-dwelling older adults.

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Close social relationships and loneliness: the role of subjective age

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610219001790 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naama Spitzer ◽

Dikla Segel-Karpas ◽

Yuval Palgi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Subjective Age ◽

Perceptions Of Aging ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

Abstract Loneliness is considered a major issue, often negatively influencing the quality of life of individuals of all ages, and of older adults, in particular. The aims of this study are: (1) to assess the association between close social relationships and loneliness; and (2) to examine the moderating role of subjective age in this association. Married or cohabiting community-dwelling Israelis in the second half of life (N = 360) were interviewed and reported on their close social relationships, their level of loneliness, and their subjective age. The number of close social relationships was found to have a negative relationship with loneliness. Moreover, subjective age was found to moderate the relationship between close social relationships and loneliness, such that the association was weaker for those with older subjective age. Those with older subjective age are often not able to benefit from close social relationships to alleviate loneliness as much as their younger-subjective-age counterparts. Efforts to address older adults’ loneliness should consider focusing on older adults’ perceptions of aging.

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Age, Gender, Attitudes and Motivation as Predictors of Willingness to Listen in L2

Advances in Language and Literary Studies ◽

10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.4p.72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Personal Variables ◽

Meaningful Relationship ◽

Gender And Age ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Attitude And Motivation

The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the attitudes and motivation of EFL learners and their willingness to listen (WTL); possible effects of age and gender on EFL learners’ WTL, attitude and motivation. A quantitative study was designed in which 239 participants, intermediate level EFL learners at a public university, took a set of instruments, namely a reduced version of the AMTB, mini-AMTB, and WTL scale in Likert type. The participants were also asked to specify their gender and age during data collection procedure. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.0. Percentage and frequency analyses, independent samples t-test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were employed in data analysis phase. The results of the study showed that gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation while age has no effect on attitudes and motivation; also it was found that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores of the participants. According to the findings of the current study the predictive power of mini-AMTB of WTL has been found statistically meaningful. The findings have revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores of the participants. Gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation as female participants’ mini-AMTB scores were found higher than those of male participants. Also a meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL has been found according to regression analysis. The paper concludes with implications for further research to investigate the WTL in various contexts with other personal variables.

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Declining Cognition and Falls: Role of Risky Performance of Everyday Mobility Activities

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20130195 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Barbara L. Fischer ◽

Carey E. Gleason ◽

Ronald E. Gangnon ◽

Jodi Janczewski ◽

Terry Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

At Risk ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Physical Therapists ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

The Relationship

Background Declining cognition is a risk factor for falls among older adults. The extent to which impaired judgment in performance of daily activities increases fall risk is unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether engagement in mobility activities in a risky manner explains the association between declining cognition and rate of falls. Design This study was a secondary analysis of baseline and prospective data from older adults enrolled in the intervention arm of a randomized clinical trial. Methods Two hundred forty-five community-dwelling older adults (79% female; mean age=79 years, SD=8.0) who were at risk for falls received physical, cognitive, and functional evaluations. Cognition was assessed with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Using interview and in-home assessment data, physical therapists determined whether participants were at risk for falls when performing mobility-related activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Falls were measured prospectively for 1 year using monthly falls diaries. Results Declining cognition was associated with increased number of mobility activities designated as risky (1.5% of mobility activities performed in a risky manner per SPMSQ point) and with increased rate of falls (rate ratio=1.16 for each unit change in SPMSQ score). Risky performance of mobility activities mediated the relationship between cognition and rate of falls. Limitations Risk assessment was based on the clinical judgment of experienced physical therapists. Cognition was measured with a relatively insensitive instrument, and only selected mobility activities were evaluated. Conclusions Engagement in mobility ADL and IADL tasks in a risky manner emerged as a link between declining cognition and increased number of falls, suggesting a mechanism through which the rate of falls may increase. Specifically, declining cognition is associated with performance of mobility activities in an unsafe manner, thereby increasing the risk for falls.

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The Moderating Role Of Diet Patterns In The Relationship Between Perceived Stress And Cognitive Function In Older Adults

10.32920/ryerson.14645715.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle D'Amico

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Western Diet ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Effect Modifier ◽

The Relationship ◽

Prudent Diet ◽

Moderating Role

The current study examined the moderating role of adherence to a healthy prudent diet and an unhealthy Western diet in the relationship between perceived stress and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. It was hypothesized that the association between perceived stress and cognition would be buffered by prudent diet and exacerbated by Western diet intake. 201 adults aged 60 and older participated in the study. Prudent diet was a significant effect-modifier, such that higher perceived stress was associated with poorer executive functioning at low levels of prudent diet. Prudent diet did not moderate the association between perceived stress and episodic memory. Western diet was not a significant effect-modifier in the perceived stress-cognition relationship. These findings provide preliminary evidence that a healthy diet may buffer the association between perceived stress and executive function in older adults. Future research with a more diverse sample is needed to confirm these findings.

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The Effect Of Insomnia On Functional Status Of Community-Dwelling Older Adults

10.32920/ryerson.14648751.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Penney H. Deratnay

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Functional Status ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Psychological Function ◽

Moderate Severity ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

The Relationship

This secondary data analysis examined the extent to which fatigue mediates the relationship between insomnia and the physical, social, and psychological domains of functional status in community-dwelling older adults. Data were obtained from 209 older adults with insomnia. Regression analysis was used to test the proposed mediating role of fatigue. Findings identified insomnia of moderate severity in community-dwelling older adults. Insomnia was directly associated with social function and indirectly associated with physical and psychological function. Fatigue mediated the relationship between insomnia and all three domains of functional status. The findings highlight the importance of successfully managing insomnia and fatigue to promote functioning in older adults.

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Factors affecting Customer Retention in the Restaurant Industry: Moderating Role of Restaurant Location

IBT Journal of Business Studies ◽

10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 95-108

Author(s):

Ammar Ahmed ◽

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Service Quality ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Customer Retention ◽

Price Fairness ◽

Location Factor ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

This study investigated the main effects of service quality and price fairness on customer retention. The study also investigated the moderating role of restaurant location in service quality, price fairness-customer retention relationships. Data collected from 182 customers visiting selected restaurants located in Multan city of Pakistan. The collected data relates to the chosen variables i.e. service quality, price fairness, restaurant location, and customer retention. The significant positive results of linear regression analysis revealed that service quality, price fairness and restaurant location predicted the customer retention. The results of step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that restaurant location positively moderated the relationship of service quality and customer retention. It also revealed that restaurant location positively moderated the relationship of price fairness and customer retention. This study may have practical implications for human resource managers regarding recruitment decisions. It may have importance for restaurant managers or owners regarding quality of service and pricing plans which are true reflection of the services provided. Similarly, they may give due consideration to the location factor while launching a food service business. On the basis of the findings of the study, conclusions have been made and recommendations and directions for further research have been offered.

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What is the Relationship between Functional Limitations, Pain, and Self-Perceptions of Aging?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 607-608

Author(s):

Jillian Minahan ◽

Ashley Blasi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Negative Stereotypes ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Perceptions Of Aging ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) influences health and mortality during older adulthood (e.g., Kotter-Grühn et al., 2009; Sargent-Cox et al., 2012). Westerhof and Wurm (2015) found that increasing functional limitations (FL) worsened older adults’ SPA. Additional research is needed to identify other factors that influence SPA. Although pain is common among older adults and is a frequent cause of disability (e.g., Brooks et al., 2019), it has not been examined as a factor influencing SPA. Pain is often misperceived as an inevitable part of aging because of widely held negative stereotypes about aging (Thielke et al., 2012). The experience of pain may activate internalized negative stereotypes about aging, which may worsen SPA. Thus, this study investigated: 1) the relationship between chronic and recent pain, FL, and SPA, and 2) the interactive effect of FL and pain on SPA within a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. This study included 5,126 participants from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Controlling for covariates, chronic pain (β = .09, p < .001) and recent pain (β = .12, p < .001) were associated with negative SPA and were stronger than FL (β = .04, p < .01). There was also a small interaction between FL and recent pain on SPA (β = -.03, p < .01) such that the negative impact of FL on SPA was stronger among individuals who reported low pain. These findings highlight the importance of pain in older adults’ evaluation of their own aging.

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Older Adults’ Subjective Cognitive Decline Correlated with Subjective but Not Objective Sleep: A Mediator Role of Depression

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/00914150211024186 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009141502110241

Author(s):

Hai-Xin Jiang ◽

Xin Xie ◽

Yang Xu ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Xu Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Sleep Parameters ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between older adults’ subjective versus objective sleep and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and explored the role of depression on this association. One hundred and four community-dwelling older adults underwent a week of actigraphic sleep monitoring, and completed a series of neuropsychological screeners. Older adults’SCD score was positively correlated with subjective insomnia, but not with objective sleep parameters. Further mediation modeling revealed that older adults’depression mediated the association between subjective insomnia and SCD. Subjective sleep, rather than objective sleep, may be a more sensitive indicator for older adults’ SCD, with depression symptoms appearing to account for most of the variance. These findings extend our perspective on the relationship between sleep disruption and cognitive decline, and highlight the necessity of early targeted interventions on sleep to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly with SCD.

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