scholarly journals Discrepancies in Objective and Subjective Fine Motor Abilities in Octogenarians

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 846-846
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Braungart Fauth ◽  
Andrew Hooyman ◽  
Sydney Schaefer ◽  
Anna Hall ◽  
Marie Ernsth-Bravell
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Older individuals may have discrepancies between self-reported and performance-based abilities on activities of daily living (ADL). We examined objective and self-reported fine motor abilities (FMA). FMA are required for many ADLs, but are examined less frequently than gross-motor tasks in this population. We used two waves of the population-based OCTO-Twin study including mono-/dizygotic Swedish twins, aged 80+. One twin was randomly selected for analyses (baseline N=262; wave 2 N=198; Meanage =83.27; SDage=2.90; 66.4% female). Participants self-reported their ability to manipulate things with hands (cannot do, some problem, no problem) and completed a timed FMA assessment including five everyday tasks (e.g. inserting a key in a lock). Slow performance was coded as 1+ SD from the mean (=80+ seconds). At baseline, 65.8% of slow performers reported ‘no problems’ with hand manipulation. Over two waves (two years), a two-factor ANOVA (including slowness-by-perception interaction) supported a significant difference in total motor task performance between slow performers reporting ‘no problems’ and fast performers reporting ‘no problems’, for both rate of change (diff = -26 seconds, p<.0001) and wave 2 level (diff = 50 seconds, p < .0001). 82% of slow performers at wave 2 reported ‘no problems’, which is surprising given that they had become even slower over the past two years. Findings suggest that objective FMA measures are needed, as self-report is inaccurate and not prognostic. Future work will examine if discrepancies in performance/perceived FMA predict poorer outcomes, and/or if reporting ‘no problems’ despite slower performance is protective against cognitive adaptation to slowing.

scholarly journals Performance, Movement, Posture, and Perceived Discomfort in Active vs. Static Seating

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1154-1158
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Faulk ◽  
Cameron C. McKee ◽  
Heather Bazille ◽  
Michael Brigham ◽  
Jasmine Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Static Conditions

Active seating designs may enable users to move more frequently, thereby decreasing physiological risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In this preliminary study, two active seating designs (QOR360, Ariel; QOR360, Newton) were compared to a static chair (Herman Miller, Aeron) to understand how active vs. static seating may affect task performance, movement, posture, and perceived discomfort. This within-subjects experiment involved n = 11 student participants who sat upon each of the three chairs for 20 minutes while performing a series of computer-based tasks. Participants showed increased trunk movement while also reporting higher levels of perceived discomfort in the two active chair conditions. There was no significant difference in either posture or fine motor task performance between the active and static conditions. Future research may benefit from additional physiological measurements along with a wider variety of tasks that require seated users to make postural adjustments.

scholarly journals Psychometrics and Validity of the Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life in HIV Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L Sullivan ◽  
Paulina A Kulesz ◽  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Retrospective and prospective memory deficits are associated with lower quality of life (QoL); however, there are no validated measures that comprehensively and directly assess the impact of memory problems on QoL. The Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life (SMRQoL) was developed as a 30-item questionnaire to measure memory-related QoL. Method Both HIV+ (n = 195) and HIV− (n = 146) participants completed the SMRQoL, a neurocognitive research battery, and validated self-report questionnaires of memory, QoL, and mood. Participants were recruited into younger (age ≤ 40 years) and older (age ≥ 50 years) groups per the parent study design. Results The SMRQoL had a unidimensional factor structure and demonstrated measurement invariance across the HIV+ and HIV− participants. Analyses of 111 clinically stable participants (e.g., persons with no incident or remitting central nervous system disorders) who returned for a 14-month follow-up visit indicated that the SMRQoL had adequate test–retest stability. There was a significant interaction of age and HIV status on the SMRQoL, such that older HIV+ participants reported the lowest memory-related QoL. SMRQoL scores were associated with validated measures of mental and physical QoL, self-reported memory and cognitive symptoms, and performance-based memory and executive functions. Conclusions The SMRQoL shows evidence of reliability and validity as a measure of memory-related QoL that can be used to assess the impact of memory problems on everyday life, but future work is needed to demonstrate the measure’s incremental value in the context of diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Human Cognitive and Motor Abilities in the Aging Workforce: An Information-Based Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Salvatore Digiesi ◽  
Daniela Cavallo ◽  
Andrea Lucchese ◽  
Carlotta Mummolo
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Workforce Aging ◽  
And Performance

In the digital society, individuals are in charge of performing tasks based on the information gathered by huge amount of data and effectively use them to manifest their cognitive and motor abilities. In this paper, on the basis of experimental studies available in literature concerning lab tests on motor or cognitive abilities of differently aged subjects, an information-based theoretical model is proposed. The model allows to quantify the information content of a motor or a cognitive task and provides estimates of information processing time of individuals of different age and sex in accomplishing tasks with prevalent motor or cognitive nature, in spite of the fact that a “pure” cognitive or a “pure” motor task are rarely observed in practical cases. The model is then applied to a case study from automotive industry in which workforce aging phenomenon is experienced. Potential applications of the model go beyond the case study developed. Quantifying the information content of a general motor-cognitive task paves the way to new understanding and modelling of movements and performance time of both natural and artificial systems with applications in industrial robotics (e.g., human-robot cooperation), biomechanics, and neurorehabilitation.

scholarly journals A computer-based avatar task designed to assess behavioral inhibition extends to behavioral avoidance but not cognitive avoidance

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biased Responding ◽  
Future Work

Avoidance is a common feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as anxiety and depressive disorders. Avoidance can be expressed behaviorally as well as cognitively. Most personality assessments for avoidance involve self-report inventories which are susceptible to biased responding. The avatar task (Myers et al., 2016a) was developed as an objective measure of behavioral inhibition (BI) which is defined as a tendency for avoidance of unfamiliar people and situations. The avatar task has been demonstrated to screen avoidant behaviors related to BI, PTSD, as well as harm avoidance (HA) as measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). In the current work, the avatar task was tested with cognitive as well as behavioral avoidance as measured by the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (CBAS; Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2004). The CBAS includes four subscales which measure behavioral social (BS) avoidance, behavioral non-social (BN) avoidance, cognitive social (CS) avoidance, and cognitive non-social (CN) avoidance. It was hypothesized that avatar scores would be significantly positively related to behavioral, but not cognitive, avoidance. In addition, it was also hypothesized that performance on the avatar task would be more related to social than non-social behavioral avoidance. Participants completed the avatar task, the HA scale of the TPQ and the CBAS. Pearson’s product moment correlations revealed that avatar scores were significantly related to CBAS total scores as well as BS and BN scores, but not CS and CN scores. In addition, BS has a stronger relationship with avatar scores than BN avoidance which fits with the social aspects of the scenarios in the avatar task. A median split of the avatar scores produced a significant difference in scores on the behavioral but not the cognitive subscales. Overall, the current results supported the idea that the avatar task is measuring behavioral avoidance, specifically in social situations, rather than cognitive avoidance. Future work could adapt the avatar task to include scenarios similar to the cognitive items on the CBAS to create an objective measure of cognitive avoidance which may be relevant in measuring avoidance in depression and behavioral avoidance associated with PTSD as well as anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Performance Ability of Defibrillator among General Hospital Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Jin Chae ◽  
Jeong Yun Park
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Training

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' knowledge and performance ability of Defibrillator.Methods: The participants in this study were 121 nurses who have been working in a general hospital located in G region. The measuring tools of this study were developed on the basis of guidelines from American Heart Association and Korea Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The knowledge of defibrillator was measured by self-report questionnaire, and the performance ability of defibrillator was measured by observation of the participants. The period of collected date was from May 15 to June 15 in 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 program.Results: The mean score about knowledge of defibrillator was 2.79±2.42. The mean score about performing ability of defibrillation was 6.44±3.39. The knowledge of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. The performance ability of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.Conclusions: The finding suggests developing the knowledge and the performance ability of defibrillator on going refresher courses and training programs, including the related nursing practice guidelines to improve the knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.

scholarly journals Long-term Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults with a Cleft Lip and/or palate: Esthetics, Employment and Functioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Alighieri ◽  
Evelien D'haeseleer ◽  
Kim Bettens ◽  
Katrien Bonte ◽  
Hubert Vermeersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background. To date, there seems to be no consensus on the long-term quality of life outcomes in patients living with a cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) with regard to well-being and functioning. Some studies report a substantial influence of having a cleft while other studies report no influence of living with a cleft. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of living with a CL/P on esthetics, employment and functioning in Dutch-speaking adolescents and adults with a CL/P. Methods. 30 Patients with a CL/P (19 men and 11 women) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 26.93 years (SD = 11.688 years, range = 15 – 66 years). An age and gender matched control group was included consisting of 30 participants (19 men and 11 women) without a CL/P with a mean age of 26.87 years (SD = 11.729 years, range = 16-67 years). Esthetics, employment and functioning were assessed using different standardized self-report questionnaires. Results. No statistically significant difference in educational level, employment, monthly net income, marital status and having children was found between participants with and without a CL/P. In addition, the quality of life scores did not differ between the two groups. Within the group of individuals with a CL/P, the findings revealed that the proportion of participants who reported an influence of the CL/P on daily functioning, general well-being, social contacts, family life, applying for a job, work, education and leisure time differed by age. Older individuals experienced more influence of their CL/P compared to younger individuals. With regard to esthetics, the findings revealed that participants without a CL/P were less satisfied with the appearance of their jaws compared to participants with a CL/P. Conclusion. In general, the findings of our study revealed no significant differences between adolescents and adults with and without a CL/P with regard to employment and functioning. Considering age within the group of participants with a CL/P, however, the results demonstrated that older individuals were more likely to experience a negative impact of their cleft on well-being and functioning. These findings suggest that older individuals with a CL/P might benefit from additional socio-emotional support, for example peer contacts and support groups or psychological guidance. Longitudinal research on this topic is highly needed to determine possible fluctuations in the impact of living with a CL/P.

A Comparison of Movement Imagery Ability Self-Report and Imagery Use in a Motor Task: A Preliminary Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl P. Gabbard ◽  
Jihye Lee
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe present study used the Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-3) to determine the relationship between self-report movement imagery ability and performance on a motor task requiring use of visual and kinesthetic imagery. Young adults were asked to view a number sequence of 4- and 5 digits, maintain the information over a 6 s delay (blank screen) using visual imagery maintenance, and complete the sequence by finger-tapping complementary numbers using motor (kinesthetic) imagery and actually executing movements. We predicted higher movement imagery ability scores would be associated with faster movement times, and imagery ability would be significantly related to the motor tasks. Correlation results indicated no significant differences between self-report and finger-tapping scores, suggesting that in the context of the motor tasks used here, performance was independent of movement imagery ability. Discussion of this preliminary study focuses on the role of visual working memory in the motor task used here and its lack of assessment using the MIQ-3 and other current self-reports.

Assessment of Fine Motor Skill in Musicians and Nonmusicians: Differences in Timing versus Sequence Accuracy in a Bimanual Fingering Task

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Kincaid ◽  
Scott Duncan ◽  
Samuel A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Primary Instrument

While professional musicians are generally considered to possess better control of finger movements than nonmusicians, relatively few reports have experimentally addressed the nature of this discrepancy in fine motor skills. For example, it is unknown whether musicians perform with greater skill than control subjects in all aspects of different types of fine motor activities. More specifically, it is not known whether musicians perform better than control subjects on a fine motor task that is similar, but not identical, to the playing of their primary instrument. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of finger placement and accuracy of timing in professional musicians and nonmusicians using a simple, rhythmical, bilateral fingering pattern and the technology that allowed separate assessment of these two parameters. Professional musicians (other than pianists) and nonmusicians were given identical, detailed and explicit instructions but not allowed physically to practice the finger pattern. After verbally repeating the correct pattern for the investigator, subjects performed the task on an electric keyboard with both hands simultaneously. Each subject's performance was then converted to a numerical score. While musicians clearly demonstrated better accuracy in timing, no significant difference was found between the groups in their finger placement scores. These findings were not correlated with subjects' age, sex, limb dominance, or primary instrument (for the professional musicians). This study indicates that professional musicians perform better in timing accuracy but not spatial accuracy while executing a simple, novel, bimanual motor sequence.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL MELALUI KEGIATAN MENCETAK GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK WIDYA KUMARA SARI DENPASAR TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Halim . ◽  
Dra. Ni Wayan Suniasih,S.Pd, M.Pd . ◽  
Luh Ayu Tirtayani, S.Psi.,M.Psi. .
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
School Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B di Tk Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelititian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen one group pretest-posttest design dan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok B TK Widya Kumara Sari yang terdiri dari yang berjumlah 28 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik sampling jenuh data kemampuan motorik halus diperoleh dengan metode non tes, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan rumus uji-t dependent t test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-t diperoleh thitung = 88,9 > ttabel = 2,00, dengan Taraf signifikansi 5% dan db = 27, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar di Tk Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Rerata nilai kemampuan motorik halus anak yang dibelajarkan melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual pada anak Tk sebagai kelompok posttest adalah 81,26. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok b di tk widya kumara sari denpasar tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disarankan kepada guru untuk lebih mengembangkan inovasi dalam menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar. Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kontekstual, Kegiatan Mencetak Gambar , Kemampuan Motorik Halus Abstract This research aims to know the influence of contextual learning approach through print pictures fine motor abilities against the children's Group B in kindergarten Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar 2017/2018 school year. Penelititian this is a pre research experiments one group pretest – posttest design and contextual learning approach. The population in this research is the Group B TK Widya Kumara Sari which comprises of 28 people. Samples taken with the technique of sampling data in saturated fine motor ability obtained with methods, the next test is analyzed using t-test formula dependent t test. Based on the results of the analysis done using the t-test is obtained thitung = 88.9 ttabel > = 2.00, with significance Level 5% and db = 27, so that H0 is rejected and accepted Ha, which means there is a significant difference towards the motor ability smooth on Group B activities through print pictures in kindergarten Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar 2017/2018 school year. The average value of fine motor ability of children who dibelajarkan through contextual learning approach in kindergarten as a group posttest is 81.26. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of contextual learning approach through print pictures fine motor abilities against the children's group b in kindergarten widya kumara sari denpasar 2017/2018 school year. Based on those results can be recommended to teachers to better develop innovation in applying a contextual approach to learning through activities of the print image. keyword : Key words: Contextual Learning Approaches, activities to print pictures, fine motor Ability

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