scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL MELALUI KEGIATAN MENCETAK GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK WIDYA KUMARA SARI DENPASAR TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Halim . ◽  
Dra. Ni Wayan Suniasih,S.Pd, M.Pd . ◽  
Luh Ayu Tirtayani, S.Psi.,M.Psi. .
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
School Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B di Tk Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelititian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen one group pretest-posttest design dan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok B TK Widya Kumara Sari yang terdiri dari yang berjumlah 28 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik sampling jenuh data kemampuan motorik halus diperoleh dengan metode non tes, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan rumus uji-t dependent t test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-t diperoleh thitung = 88,9 > ttabel = 2,00, dengan Taraf signifikansi 5% dan db = 27, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar di Tk Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Rerata nilai kemampuan motorik halus anak yang dibelajarkan melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual pada anak Tk sebagai kelompok posttest adalah 81,26. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar terhadap kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok b di tk widya kumara sari denpasar tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disarankan kepada guru untuk lebih mengembangkan inovasi dalam menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan mencetak gambar. Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kontekstual, Kegiatan Mencetak Gambar , Kemampuan Motorik Halus Abstract This research aims to know the influence of contextual learning approach through print pictures fine motor abilities against the children's Group B in kindergarten Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar 2017/2018 school year. Penelititian this is a pre research experiments one group pretest – posttest design and contextual learning approach. The population in this research is the Group B TK Widya Kumara Sari which comprises of 28 people. Samples taken with the technique of sampling data in saturated fine motor ability obtained with methods, the next test is analyzed using t-test formula dependent t test. Based on the results of the analysis done using the t-test is obtained thitung = 88.9 ttabel > = 2.00, with significance Level 5% and db = 27, so that H0 is rejected and accepted Ha, which means there is a significant difference towards the motor ability smooth on Group B activities through print pictures in kindergarten Widya Kumara Sari Denpasar 2017/2018 school year. The average value of fine motor ability of children who dibelajarkan through contextual learning approach in kindergarten as a group posttest is 81.26. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of contextual learning approach through print pictures fine motor abilities against the children's group b in kindergarten widya kumara sari denpasar 2017/2018 school year. Based on those results can be recommended to teachers to better develop innovation in applying a contextual approach to learning through activities of the print image. keyword : Key words: Contextual Learning Approaches, activities to print pictures, fine motor Ability

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kegiatan Mewarnai Gambar terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Kelompok B di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Bukit Selanjut Kecamatan Kelayang Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ilham Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group B

This study aims to determine the effect of image coloring activity on fine motor group B children in PAUD Bukit Selanjut Kelayang Sub-district Indragiri Hulu Regency. This research is an experimental research using one-group pretest-posttest design to know comparison before and after treatment. Subjects of this study amounted to 7 children, with the objects is the influence of picture coloring activities on motor fine capabilities of group B Children in PAUD Bukit Selanjut Kelayang Sub-district Indragiri Hulu Regency. The population of this research is students in kindergarten PAUD Bukit Selanjut Kelayang Sub-district Indragiri Hulu Regency amounting to 13 children, whith a sample of 7 children consisting  4 from a man dan 3 from a woman. The sample is done by purposive sampling technique, that is by determining the sample through certain consideration.  Data collection techniques used are test, observation and documentation. While the technique of data analysis using t-test test using SPSS Windows ver. 17. The results showed that thitung = 27,000 with Sig = 0,000. Because sig value <0,05 and thitung = 27,000 bigger than ttabel = 2,447, it can be concluded that there is significant influence after giving treatment in picture coloring activity. so Ho is rejected Ha accepted which means there is influence before and after being treated to fine motor abilities of children. The influence of picture coloring activity on fine motor ability of group B children in PAUD Bukit Selanjut Kelayang Sub-district Indragiri Hulu Regency is 56,25% (in medium category).Keywords: Smooth Motor Capability, Picture Coloring Activity

scholarly journals Distribution and academic significance of learning approaches among pre-clinical medical students at Trinity School of Medicine, St Vincent and the Grenadines

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Keshab Raj Paudel ◽  
Hari Prasad Nepal ◽  
Binu Shrestha ◽  
Raju Panta ◽  
Stephen Toth
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: Different students may adopt different learning approaches: namely, deep and surface. This study aimed to characterize the learning strategies of medical students at Trinity School of Medicine and to explore potential correlations between deep learning approach and the students’ academic scores. Methods: The study was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 169 medical students in the basic science years of training were included in the study after giving informed consent. The Biggs’s Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire in paper form was distributed to subjects from January to November 2017. For statistical analyses, the Student t-test, 1-way analysis of variance followed by the post-hoc t-test, and the Pearson correlation test were used. The Cronbach alpha was used to test the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Results: Of the 169 subjects, 132 (response rate, 78.1%) completely filled out the questionnaires. The Cronbach alpha value for the items on the questionnaire was 0.8. The score for the deep learning approach was 29.4± 4.6, whereas the score for the surface approach was 24.3± 4.2, which was a significant difference (P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the deep learning approach and students’ academic performance (r= 0.197, P< 0.05, df= 130). Conclusion: Medical students in the basic science years at Trinity School of Medicine adopted the deep learning approach more than the surface approach. Likewise, students who were more inclined towards the deep learning approach scored significantly higher on academic tests.

A Study to find the effectiveness of Scapular Strengthening Exercise in patients with Cervical Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3591-3594
Author(s):  
Kotteeswaran. K ◽  
Chiranjibi Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neck Disability ◽  
Cervical Spine Dysfunction

Background: Cervical spine dysfunction is a cause of neck pain. The cause for it is believed to be a disorder (most likely malalignment) of the pain-sensitive facet joints (which may also be due to disc disruption). Dysfunction can also cause secondary muscle spasm, which can may lead to more pain and stiffness. Objective: To find the effectiveness of SNAGs and scapular strengthening exercises in the patients with chronic cervical dysfunction. To find the Neck disability index (NDI) score difference between the functional activities of experimental group and conventional treatment group. Methodology: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria a prior to the study, the principal researcher explained the procedures to all the subjects and inform consent obtained, 30 subjects taken through Random block design and numbering was done for all the subjects. All the odd numbers in one group and all the even numbers in another group are allocated by random table where each group had 15 subjects. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. To all parameters mean and standard deviation (SD) were used. Paired t-test was used to analyze significant changes between pre-test and post-test measurements. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze significant changes between two groups. Result: rom statistical analysis made with the quantitative data revealed statistically significant difference between the Group A and Group B, and also within the group. The Posttest mean value of Neck Disability Index (NDI) in group A is 12.00 and in group B is 13.80. This shows that Neck Disability Index (NDI) in Group B disability value were comparatively more than Group A disability value, P<0.0001. Conclusion: This study shows better improvement in reducing cervical spine dysfunction (neck pain) by scapular strengthening exercise than resisted neck isometrics. Both the techniques can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Can Machine Learning Predict Stress Reduction Based on Wearable Sensors’ Data Following Relaxation at Workplace? A Pilot Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Alessandro Dellabate ◽  
Andrea Dieni ◽  
Lorenzo Bachi ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Audio Video

Nowadays, psychological stress represents a burdensome condition affecting an increasing number of subjects, in turn putting into practice several strategies to cope with this issue, including the administration of relaxation protocols, often performed in non-structured environments, like workplaces, and constrained within short times. Here, we performed a quick relaxation protocol based on a short audio and video, and analyzed physiological signals related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR). Based on the features extracted, machine learning was applied to discriminate between subjects benefitting from the protocol and those with negative or no effects. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled for the protocol, equally and randomly divided into Group A, performing an audio-video + video-only relaxation, and Group B, performing an audio-video + audio-only protocol. From the ANS point of view, Group A subjects displayed a significant difference in the heart rate variability-related parameter SDNN across the test phases, whereas both groups displayed a different GSR response, albeit at different levels, with Group A displaying greater differences across phases with respect to Group B. Overall, the majority of the volunteers enrolled self-reported an improvement of their well-being status, according to structured questionnaires. The use of neural networks helped in discriminating those with a positive effect of the relaxation protocol from those with a negative/neutral impact based on basal autonomic features with a 79.2% accuracy. The results obtained demonstrated a significant heterogeneity in autonomic effects of the relaxation, highlighting the importance of maintaining a structured, well-defined protocol to produce significant benefits at the ANS level. Machine learning approaches can be useful to predict the outcome of such protocols, therefore providing subjects less prone to positive responses with personalized advice that could improve the effect of such protocols on self-relaxation perception.

Effect of Whitening Toothpastes on Extrinsic Dental Stains

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Shobana G. ◽  
Muthu Karuppaiah R. ◽  
Bharath Kumar Garla ◽  
Taranath M. ◽  
Palanivel Pandian R.
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
T Test ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Whitening Effect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Aim and objectives: To compare the effectiveness of the stain removing property of the whitening toothpastes (silica [Colgate Visible White], silica, papain and bromelain [Whitospark], and silica and calcium carbonate [Snowdent] containing toothpastes) on extrinsic dental stains and to assess the lasting of tooth whitening effect produced by the whitening toothpastes. Materials and methods: It is a randomized, concurrent parallel arm, non-invasive, controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes on reducing extrinsic dental stains. Parametric t-test was used. Results: A statistically significant difference can be seen between Groups A and B, Groups B and C, and Groups B and D. Maximum mean and percentage reduction was found in Group B at the end of the second month in stain extent and intensity. A statistically significant difference was seen between subgroups B1 and B2. Maximum mean and percentage reduction was found in subgroup B1 at the end of the fourth month in stain extent and intensity. Conclusion: Silica, papain, and bromelain containing toothpastes (Whitospark) show effectiveness on reducing extrinsic dental stains.

Combination Therapy Of Tadalafil And Pentoxifylline In Severe Erectile Dysfunction; A Prospective Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Roat ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Ravimohan S. Mavuduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstractwas to assess efficacy of Tadalafil alone versus Tadalafil plus Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by using self administered IIEF-5 questionnaire.Two hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with ED at andrology OPD were evaluated for ED by a self administered IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire. Patients were systematically randomized by computer generated random table into two groups groups namely, group A: Tadalafil only group, group B: combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifyl-line. All the patients were re-assessed by IIEF-5 questionnaire after 8 weeks of medical therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s unpaired t-test, paired t-test, chi square test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Two hundred and thirty seven patients were included in the present study, in group A: 92 patients (78.6%) showed improvement in their IIEF score after 8 weeks of tadalafil treatment. While in group B, overall 104 patients(86.6%) showed improvement after combination of Tadalafil and Pentoxifylline. There was a statistically significant difference of percentage change in IIEF score was seen in group B (group A 90.7±15.2%, group B 95.6±13.4%; p value – 0.014). We found this difference even more statistically significant in patients with severe ED (group A 72.7±47.2%, group B 132.3±54.3%; p value – 0.000). There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regards to occur-rence of side effects.Both tadalafil and combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifylline improve erectile function in patients of ED. Patients with severe ED showed much significant improvement in erectile function with combination therapy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE BERMAIN PERAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK KELOMPOK A DI TKK THOMAS AQUINO TUKA DALUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohana Jesy Priyantini . ◽  
Drs. I Gusti Agung Oka Negara,S.Pd. M.Ke . ◽  
Dr. I G. A. Agung Sri Asri, M.Pd. .
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Role Play ◽  
T Test ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

sebelum dan sesudah dibelajarkan menggunakan metode bermain peran pada anak kelompok A Tkk Thomas Aquino Tuka Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pre-Experimental Design dengan menggunakan desain penelitian One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak A3 Di Tkk Thomas Aquino Tuka Dalung, Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 27 anak yang terdiri dari 18 anak perempuan dan 9 anak laki-laki. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan tehnik sampling Jenuh serta data kemampuan berbicara anak diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode non tes, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan rumus uji–t dependent t test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-t di peroleh thitung = 14,13 > ttabel= 2,056 dengan taraf signifikan 5% dan dk = 26, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, ini berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berbicara pada anak kelompok A melalui kegiatan bermain peran di Tkk Thomas Aquino Tuka dalung Tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Adapun data kemampuan Berbicara anak menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pre-test sebesar 50,13, sedangkan nilai rata-rata post-test sebesar 79,76. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Metode bermain peran berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak kelompok A Tkk Thomas Aquino Tuka Dalung Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disarankan kepada guru untuk lebih mengembangkan inovasi dalam menerapkan pembelajaran kontekstual melalui kegiatan bermain peran.Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Berbicara, Metode bermain peran, Pre-Experimental Design This study aims to acquaint the influence of speaking ability towards child pre-test and post-test of applying the Role-play method to the group A3 of Thomas Aquino Kindergarten, Tuka, batch 2018/2019. This study is a study Pre-Experimental Design with the research method of One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The population of this study were all of the students in group A3 of Thomas Aquino Kindergarten, Tuka. The sample of this study were 27 students who consist of 18 females and 9 males students. The sample was conducted by the Saturation Sampling method and the data of the speaking ability of a child was obtained by the non-test method, then analysed by the Paired-t dependent t-test. Based on the result of analysis which organised by the Paired-t method, has obtained t-count = 14,13 is greater than (t-table) = 2,056 with significant level 5% and (dk=26), the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that there is a significant difference of speaking ability towards students in group A3 of Thomas Aquino Kindergarten, Tuka, batch 2018/2019 by Role-play method. However, the data of speaking ability towards child shows the average of the pre-test is 50,13, meanwhile the average post-test is 79,76. It can be concluded that the Role-play method affects on speaking ability towards students group A3 of Thomas Aquino Kindergarten, Tuka, batch 2018/2019. Regarding that study, it can be suggested to the teachers to develop more innovations in applying for the contextual learning program by the Role-play method.keyword : Speaking Ability, Role-play Method, Pre-experimental design, One Group Pretest-Posttest Design

scholarly journals Effects of Inquiry- Based Learning Approach on Learning Achievement and Learning Satisfaction among Grade Four Students towards Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sonam Tshering ◽  
Pema Yangden
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Inquiry based learning approach on learning achievement and learning satisfaction among grade 4 students in science. The study used a quasi-experimental design. A clustered random sampling was used to select 2 sections out of 3 sections of grade four students. The research instruments implemented were achievement test, questionnaire and observation form were used to collect the data. The experiment was carried out for 5 consecutive weeks. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, paired and independent t-test. The analysis of the result on learning achievement showed that there was a significant difference between the means of pretest and posttest and paired t-test also gave the significant value of p=0.00 (<0.05). Similarly, the overall mean of the student learning satisfaction was 4.61 which indicated that students were extremely satisfied with inquiry based learning approach. The results of the data showed that the Inquiry-based learning approach was effective in achieving high scores and as well the learning satisfaction of the students in science.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in Objective and Subjective Fine Motor Abilities in Octogenarians

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 846-846
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Braungart Fauth ◽  
Andrew Hooyman ◽  
Sydney Schaefer ◽  
Anna Hall ◽  
Marie Ernsth-Bravell
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Older individuals may have discrepancies between self-reported and performance-based abilities on activities of daily living (ADL). We examined objective and self-reported fine motor abilities (FMA). FMA are required for many ADLs, but are examined less frequently than gross-motor tasks in this population. We used two waves of the population-based OCTO-Twin study including mono-/dizygotic Swedish twins, aged 80+. One twin was randomly selected for analyses (baseline N=262; wave 2 N=198; Meanage =83.27; SDage=2.90; 66.4% female). Participants self-reported their ability to manipulate things with hands (cannot do, some problem, no problem) and completed a timed FMA assessment including five everyday tasks (e.g. inserting a key in a lock). Slow performance was coded as 1+ SD from the mean (=80+ seconds). At baseline, 65.8% of slow performers reported ‘no problems’ with hand manipulation. Over two waves (two years), a two-factor ANOVA (including slowness-by-perception interaction) supported a significant difference in total motor task performance between slow performers reporting ‘no problems’ and fast performers reporting ‘no problems’, for both rate of change (diff = -26 seconds, p&lt;.0001) and wave 2 level (diff = 50 seconds, p &lt; .0001). 82% of slow performers at wave 2 reported ‘no problems’, which is surprising given that they had become even slower over the past two years. Findings suggest that objective FMA measures are needed, as self-report is inaccurate and not prognostic. Future work will examine if discrepancies in performance/perceived FMA predict poorer outcomes, and/or if reporting ‘no problems’ despite slower performance is protective against cognitive adaptation to slowing.

scholarly journals Mini-implant and Nance button for initial retraction of maxillary canines: a prospective study in cast models

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia de Moraes Arantes ◽  
Juliana Kina ◽  
Matheus José Bueno Gonçalves ◽  
Júlio de Araújo Gurgel ◽  
Omar Gabriel da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Canine Retraction ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anchorage Loss ◽  
Paired T Test

OBJECTIVE: Bone anchorage is a key factor for the successful management of some malocclusions for it allows the application of continuous forces, decreases treatment time and is independent from patient compliance. METHODS: The goal of this work was to establish a dental model comparison in order to measure the anchorage loss after the initial retraction of upper canines between the two groups. Group A used mini-implants and Group B used Nance button. All patients had two models cast (M1 and M2). The first models were taken on baseline (M1) and the other models were taken after canine retraction (M2). RESULTS: All measurements were pooled and submitted to statistical analysis. In order to verify the inter-examiner systematic error a paired t-test was performed. Dahlberg's formula was used to estimate the casual error. For comparison purposes between Before and After stages, a paired t-test was done. For the comparison between mini-implant and Nance button groups, a Student t-test was applied. All tests adopted a 5% (p<0.05) significance level. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups when measurements and comparisons to assess molar anchorage loss after canine initial retraction were performed. Two different anchorage systems were applied on dental models (mini-implants and Nance's button) for each group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document