scholarly journals Group-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 864-864
Author(s):  
Heather Leutwyler ◽  
Erin Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Excess Morbidity

Abstract Smoking is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for excess morbidity and mortality in older adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Many older smokers with SMI are reportedly motivated to quit, however evidence-based treatment targeting this vulnerable group is limited. To address an urgent need to identify interventions that assist smoking cessation efforts, we are conducting a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) targeting adults with SMI. Our VIdeogame-based Physical activity (“VIP”) smoking cessation intervention includes: a) group videogame-based physical activity intervention (50 minutes, 3X/week for 12 weeks), b) pharmacotherapy (bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy), and c) smoking cessation counseling. Upon completion of the 12 week program, participants in the VIP and control groups completed a semi-structured interview in order to determine how the program impacted their smoking cessation. To date, six participants completed an interview. Participants described how the program helped with smoking cessation because it allowed them to “face their addiction” and learn more about why they smoke and how to quit. The program provided the structure, resources, and encouragement needed to start the process of quitting. Finally, they enjoyed having the game time as a distraction from smoking. Older adults with SMI need support, resources, and group-based exercise as they begin quitting and practice the skills needed to quit.

scholarly journals Telephone based smoking cessation intervention for adults with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2110659
Author(s):  
Heather Leutwyler ◽  
Erin Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
The Impact

Background The high rates of smoking in adults with serious mental illness (SMI) increases risk for COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a smoking cessation intervention that was adapted to be offered by phone during a Shelter in Place (SIP) period in San Francisco, California, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods During the SIP, we offered counseling sessions by phone to five participants. At the end of each session, we assessed readiness to quit, tobacco cessation or reduction, and inquired about the impact of the shelter in place on smoking habits and mental health. Grounded theory guided data collection and analysis. Results The categories that emerged around barriers and facilitators for smoking cessation were COVID-19–related stressors, having purpose, structure and feelings of connections, and the importance of quitting aides for smoking cessation. Conclusion Offering telephone based smoking cessation counseling to adults with SMI while they shelter in place may improve their readiness to quit.

scholarly journals History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Fen Lubitz ◽  
Alex Flitter ◽  
E Paul Wileyto ◽  
Douglas Ziedonis ◽  
Nathaniel Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Smoking Cessation Advice ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts

Abstract Introduction Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke at rates two to three times greater than the general population but are less likely to receive treatment. Increasing our understanding of correlates of smoking cessation behaviors in this group can guide intervention development. Aims and Methods Baseline data from an ongoing trial involving smokers with SMI (N = 482) were used to describe smoking cessation behaviors (ie, quit attempts, quit motivation, and smoking cessation treatment) and correlates of these behaviors (ie, demographics, attitudinal and systems-related variables). Results Forty-three percent of the sample did not report making a quit attempt in the last year, but 44% reported making one to six quit attempts; 43% and 20%, respectively, reported wanting to quit within the next 6 months or the next 30 days. Sixty-one percent used a smoking cessation medication during their quit attempt, while 13% utilized counseling. More quit attempts were associated with lower nicotine dependence and carbon monoxide and greater beliefs about the harms of smoking. Greater quit motivation was associated with lower carbon monoxide, minority race, benefits of cessation counseling, and importance of counseling within the clinic. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation medications was associated with being female, smoking more cigarettes, and receiving smoking cessation advice. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation counseling was associated with being male, greater academic achievement, and receiving smoking cessation advice. Conclusions Many smokers with SMI are engaged in efforts to quit smoking. Measures of smoking cessation behavior are associated with tobacco use indicators, beliefs about smoking, race and gender, and receiving cessation advice. Implications Consideration of factors related to cessation behaviors among smokers with SMI continues to be warranted, due to their high smoking rates compared to the general population. Increasing our understanding of these predictive characteristics can help promote higher engagement in evidence-based smoking cessation treatments among this subpopulation.

scholarly journals Effects of Endurance-Focused Physical Activity Interventions on Brain Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Halloway ◽  
JoEllen Wilbur ◽  
Michael E. Schoeny ◽  
Konstantinos Arfanakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
The Brain

Physical activity intervention studies that focus on improving cognitive function in older adults have increasingly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in addition to neurocognitive measures to assess effects on the brain. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the effects of endurance-focused physical activity randomized controlled trial (RCT) interventions on the brain as measured by MRI in community-dwelling middle-aged or older adults without cognitive impairment. Five electronic databases were searched. The final sample included six studies. None of the studies reported racial or ethnic characteristics of the participants. All studies included neurocognitive measures in addition to MRI. Five of the six interventions included laboratory-based treadmill or supervised bike exercise sessions, while one included community-based physical activity. Physical activity measures were limited to assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness and, in one study, pedometer. Due to the lack of adequate data reported, effect sizes were calculated for only one study for MRI measures and two studies for neurocognitive measures. Effect sizes ranged from d = .2 to .3 for MRI measures and .2 to .32 for neurocognitive measures. Findings of the individual studies suggest that MRI measures may be more sensitive to the effects of physical activity than neurocognitive measures. Future studies are needed that include diverse, community-based participants, direct measures of physical activity, and complete reporting of MRI and neurocognitive findings.

scholarly journals Can Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Speed Be Reduced by Physical Exercise? Results From the LIFE Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison A M Bielak ◽  
Christopher R Brydges
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Cognitive Speed

Abstract Objectives Findings are mixed regarding the potential to improve older adults’ cognitive ability via training and activity interventions. One novel sensitive outcome may be intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed, or moment-to-moment changes in a person’s performance. The present article evaluated if participants who participated in a moderate physical activity intervention showed a reduction in IIV, compared with a successful aging education control group. Method For approximately 2.6 years, sedentary adults aged 70–90 years participated in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study (n = 1,635), a multisite Phase 3 randomized controlled trial to reduce major mobility disability. They completed 4 reaction time tests at baseline and at approximately 24 months post-test. Results Analyses were conducted following both the intent-to-treat principle and complier average casual effect modeling. Results indicated that participants in the physical activity group did not show a reduction in their IIV. Discussion The lack of a significant reduction in IIV may be due to the mild nature of the physical activity program and the cognitively healthy sample. It is also possible that other types of lifestyle activity interventions (e.g., social and cognitive engagement) can elicit reductions in IIV for older adults.

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