Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

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Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2820

Author(s):

Julie Mareschal ◽

Laurence Genton ◽

Tinh-Hai Collet ◽

Christophe Graf

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health Concern ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

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Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211047781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110477

Author(s):

Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽

Robertino M. Mera ◽

Denisse A. Rumbea ◽

Pedro Pérez ◽

Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Regression Models ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

The Body ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

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94 Association between Dual-Task Timed “UP and GO” Test and Occurrence of Falls According to Age Group (Young-Older or Old-Older Adults): A Longitudinal Observation Study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.94 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv18-iv27

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Asai ◽

Kensuke Oshima ◽

Yoshihiro Fukumoto ◽

Shogo Misu

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older Adult ◽

Dual Task ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Group ◽

Observation Study ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Aim To elucidate the association between the occurrence of falls and timed “up and go” (TUG) test score in a dual-task condition among community-dwelling older adults by age group. Methods This longitudinal observation study included 987 community-dwelling older adults at baseline. A TUG test (single-TUG) and a TUG test while counting aloud backward from 100 (dual-TUG) were conducted at baseline. The dual-task cost (DTC) value was computed from these results. Data on fall history were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire at the 1-year follow-up. At follow-up, 322 participants had dropped out and six participants had missing data for falls. The final analysis included 658 individuals (follow-up rate: 658/987, 67%) divided into a young-older adult group (aged 60–74 years) and an old-older adult group (aged 75 years or older). Associations between the occurrence of falls and TUG-related values were analyzed by age group using multivariate logistic regression models. Results For old-older adults, there were significant associations between the occurrence of falls and DTC value (odds ratio [OR] 0.981, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.963–0.999, p = 0.040) and single-TUG score (OR 1.129, 95% CI: 1.006–1.268, p = 0.039). However, no significant associations were observed for young-older adults. Conclusions Slower single-TUG test score and lower DTC value are associated with the occurrence of falls among old-older adults but not among young-older adults. Dual task assessment is useful for predicting falls in TUG fall assessment for old-older adults.

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88 Prospective Association of Obesity and Falls among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv18-iv27

Author(s):

Sheng Hui Kioh ◽

Sumaiyah Mat ◽

Phyo Myint ◽

Shahrul B Kamaruzzaman ◽

Maw Pin Tan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Waist Hip Ratio ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prospective Association ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies linking the association between obesity and falls are limited and their results are somewhat conflicting. The inconsistent evidence between obesity and falls could be explained by the utilization of different measures of obesity including BMI, WC, waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) in different studies. Aims To examine the prospective association between various measures of obesity and falls among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We utilized data from the wave 1 and wave 2 of the Malaysian Elder’s Longitudinal Research Study (MELoR). Basic demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors and falls history in preceding 12 months was recorded by computer assisted questionnaire in participant’s home while anthropometric measurements, body composition assessments and physical performance were collected at the hospital during a hospital check-up at baseline. The main exposure variables were increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) and the main outcome was self-report falls in the preceding 12 months at time of follow-up. Results Among 746 participants at baseline and follow-up (mean age 68.9 ± 7.3 years, old, 56.7% women), 150(20.1%) individuals had ≥1 time of fall at follow-up. No differences in mean age and proportion of men and women among fallers and non-fallers. However, fallers were found to have higher WHR, lower percentage muscle mass and performed poorer in physical performance (p-value<0.01). Of the four obesity indicators, higher WHR at baseline was associated with increased risk of fall 12 months later even after adjustment for all potential confounders (aOR= 2.01; 95%CI= 1.26-3.18). Conclusions In conclusion, our findings suggest that WHR is the measure of adiposity most likely to differentiate fallers from non-fallers prospectively. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of falls associated with increased WHR.

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Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland: comparison of EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120001093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Caoileann Murphy ◽

Aoibheann McMorrow ◽

Ellen Flanagan ◽

Helen Cummins ◽

Sinead McCarthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Muscle Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

European Working ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractSarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It is an independent risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for the identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP1). In 2018, this definition was updated based on the newest evidence (EWGSOP2), with the focus now on low muscle strength rather than low muscle quantity as the key characteristic of sarcopenia. In addition, EWGSOP2 provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland for the first time and to assess agreement between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions. In a cross-sectional analysis, 490 community-dwelling adults (age 78.4 ± 8.0 y, body mass index 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured via handgrip dynamometry and physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery. Sarcopenia was defined according to both the 2010 criteria (EWGSOP1) and the updated 2018 criteria (EWGSOP2). Using the EWGSOP1 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.1% (2.6% sarcopenia, 4.5% severe sarcopenia) and 3.6% were classified as pre-sarcopenic (low muscle mass without a decrement in strength or physical performance). Using the EWGSOP2 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.5% (1.6% sarcopenia, 3.9% severe sarcopenia) and 23.4 % were classified as having low strength but without a decrement in muscle mass. Five of the participants who were classified as sarcopenic (2 sarcopenia, 3 severe sarcopenia) by EWGSOP1 were classified as “normal” using the EWGSOP2 criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland is in line with the prevalence reported in other European countries using the EWGSOP1 criteria (3.3–11.4 %). To our knowledge this is the first study to compare the prevalence based on the EWGSOP1 and the EWGSOP2 criteria. We report a slightly lower prevalence using the EWGSOP2 definition compared to the EWGSOP1 definition. Importantly however, in contrast to EWGSOP1, the EWGSOP2 definition identified a substantial proportion of older adults with poor strength in the absence of overt sarcopenia (23.4%). These older adults represent a group who would benefit from further clinical investigation and intervention.

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Correlation between Cognitive Function and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Althea Medical Journal ◽

10.15850/amj.v8n2.2145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Risviandari ◽

Rensa Rensa

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: One of the health problems often found among older adults in Indonesia is cognitive impairment, resulting in difficulties daily life and a significant decrease in functional status. This study aimed to determine the correlation between cognitive function and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October–November 2019. Samples were collected from North Jakarta through consecutive sampling (n=38). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the physical performance was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) method. The statistical test applied in this study was Spearman’s rank correlation (p<0.05). Results: The majority of the subjects in this study were mostly female young older adults with the most received ≥12 years of education. The results for both MMSE and TUG were normal. There was a negative correlation between MMSE and TUG scores (r= -0.357, p=0.028).Conclusions: There is a weak but significant correlation between cognitive function and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. A further study exploring cognitive dysfunction and physical performance in older adults is needed.

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Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Impaired Muscle Strength And Physical Performance In Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings From The English Longitudinal Study Of Ageing

Clinical Interventions in Aging ◽

10.2147/cia.s222143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 1751-1761 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Niamh Aspell ◽

Eamon Laird ◽

Martin Healy ◽

Brian Lawlor ◽

Maria O'Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

English Longitudinal Study

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Characteristics Associated with Improved Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in a Community-Based Falls Prevention Program

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072509 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2509

Author(s):

Gabrielle Scronce ◽

Wanqing Zhang ◽

Matthew Lee Smith ◽

Vicki Stemmons Mercer

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Falls Prevention ◽

Initial Visit ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

This was a retrospective analysis of quasi-longitudinal data from an ongoing, community-based falls prevention program. The purpose was to identify participant characteristics predicting improvement on physical performance measures associated with falls risk. Community-dwelling older adults ≥60 years old participated in a community-based implementation of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP). Participants with increased falls risk (n = 353) were provided with individualized exercises from OEP and were invited to return for monthly follow-up. One hundred twenty-eight participants returned for at least two follow-up visits within 6 months of their initial visit (mean time to second follow-up = 93 days with standard deviation = 43 days). Outcome measures assessed at initial and all follow-up visits included Four Stage Balance Test (4SBT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Chair Rise Test (CRT). Distributions were examined, and results were categorized to depict improvement from initial visit (IVT) to second follow-up visit (F2). Key predictor variables were included in multivariable linear or logistic regression models. Improved 4SBT performance was predicted by greater balance confidence. Better TUG performance at F2 was predicted by no use of assistive device for walking, higher scores on cognitive screening, and better IVT TUG performance. Improvement on CRT was predicted by younger age and lower scores on cognitive screening. While improvements on each of the three measures were predicted by a unique combination of variables, these variables tended to be associated with less frailty.

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Effects of a Community Care Station Program With Structured Exercise Intervention on Physical Performance and Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective 2-Year Observational Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2015-0326 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 596-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chung-Chao Liang ◽

Qi-Xing Change ◽

Yu-Chou Hung ◽

Chizan-Chung Chen ◽

Chun-Hsiang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Community Care ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Adult Care ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

The Taiwanese government has developed community care stations (CCSs) for community-based older adult care. We investigated the effects of a structured exercise intervention, applied at CCS for 6 months, on physical performance and balance in community-dwelling older adults, including a 2-year reassessment. Fifty-eight participants (aged 76.9 ± 6.3 years) participated in the study. The Elderly Mobility Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG), gait speed, functional reach, one-leg-stance (OLS), and flexibility were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years. Compared with baseline, the participants improved significantly in the SPPB (0.93 points), TUG (1.94 s), gait speed (0.13 m/s), and right and left OLS (2.56 and 3.12 s) at 6 months. Furthermore, these significant effects, except for OLS, were maintained at the 2-year reassessment according to repeated-measures ANOVA (p < .01). Our preliminary data suggest that adding a structured exercise program can benefit older adults participating in Taiwanese CCSs.

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Relationship Between Tooth Loss and Sarcopenia in Chinese Suburban Community-dwelling Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-528293/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Wang ◽

Jingru Wang ◽

Peipei Han ◽

Yuewen Liu ◽

Weibo Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Suburban Community ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Both sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and components of sarcopenia, including declining muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, in Chinese suburban community-dwelling older adults.Methods: The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (average age: 71.64 ± 5.97 years；men, n=609) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. The three basic diagnostic components of sarcopenia (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, we found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P＜0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P =0.023).Conclusion: Our results suggest that tooth loss is negatively correlated with muscle strength in males and average walking speed in females. These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults.

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