scholarly journals SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS: A 6-YEAR CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S754-S755
Author(s):  
James Muruthi ◽  
J Tina Savla
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Religious Services ◽  
Older African Americans

Abstract Although previous studies have extensively investigated the cross-sectional relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms in late life, longitudinal studies have produced mixed results. Furthermore, studies on the associations between these two concepts among aging African Americans are few. Using a sample of 1688 older African Americans adults from waves 1 and 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (60% women; Average age = 77 years), the present study investigates the longitudinal associations between social engagement (an index from scores on visiting friends and family, attending religious services, attending religious services, participating in group activities, and going out for enjoyment) and depressive symptoms across seven years. Structural equation modeling was used to test cross-lagged relationships between the variables. Findings suggest that social engagement at baseline significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms and social engagement. Depressive symptoms at baseline, however, were not significantly associated with subsequent social engagement. These findings suggest that low social engagement in older African Americans is directly associated with increased depressive symptoms over time, but not vice versa. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the barriers of social engagement for older African Americans and its effects on their mental health.

scholarly journals Are Perfectionistic Thoughts an Antecedent or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms? A Cross-Lagged Analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Besser ◽  
Gordon L. Flett ◽  
Simon B. Sherry ◽  
Paul L. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Cross Sectional

Perfectionistic automatic thoughts have been linked with depressive symptoms in numerous cross-sectional studies, but this link has not been assessed in longitudinal research. An investigation with two timepoints was conducted to test whether perfectionistic automatic thoughts, as assessed by the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI), are contributors to subsequent depression or vice versa. The possible role of a third factor (major life events stress) was also evaluated. A sample of 118 university students completed the PCI, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Life Experiences Survey on two occasions with a 5-month interval. A cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling showed that above and beyond within-time associations and across-time stability effects, perfectionism automatic thoughts contributed to subsequent depressive symptoms and not vice versa. Negative life events stress was correlated significantly with both depressive symptoms and perfectionism automatic thoughts but did not have an influence on Time 2 depressive symptoms or on perfectionistic automatic thoughts. Our discussion focuses on perfectionistic automatic thoughts as a contributor to depressive vulnerability according to the perfectionism cognition theory.

An Exploratory Study of Pathways from White Matter Hyperintensities to Cognitive Impairment through Depressive Symptoms Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Cross Sectional Study in Patients with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Do Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to model the relationships among white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function and to examine the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between WMHs and cognitive impairment.Methods:We performed structural equation modeling using cross-sectional data from 1158 patients from the Clinical Research for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS) registry who were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate dementia. Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMHs) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) were obtained separately on the protocol of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depression and cognitive function were assessed using the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB), respectively.Results:The model that best reflected the relationships among the variables was the model in which DWMHs affected cognitive function directly and indirectly through the depressive symptoms; on the other hand, PWMHs only directly affected cognitive function.Conclusions:This study presents the mediation model including the developmental pathway from DWMHs to cognitive impairment through depressive symptoms and suggests that the two types of WMHs may affect cognitive impairment through different pathways.

scholarly journals OLDER ADULTS’ HEALTH AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SUBJECTIVE LIFE EXPECTANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S694-S694
Author(s):  
Dahee Kim ◽  
Kyuho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling

Abstract Older adults’ mental and physical health is likely to limit social engagement, but their perception of how much time they have left, according to the socio-emotional selectivity theory, might influence it as well. The aim of the research is to investigate the mediating effect of subjective life expectancy (SLE) on the pathways from older adults’ mental health and functional limitation to volunteering and contacts with close relationships. The current research used data of 5,285 older adults aged 50 to 75 from the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2014. Structural equation modeling was performed to investigate the direct effect of older adults’ depressive symptoms and functional limitation on volunteering and contact with close relationships. Predictors’ indirect effects via SLE was also assessed. The results indicated that older adults’ higher depressive symptoms and functional limitations significantly decreased volunteering time and frequency of contacts with close relationships. Older adults’ SLE attenuated the effects of depressive symptoms and functional limitations on their volunteering time and frequency of contact with close relationships. The findings describe the mechanism of how older adults engage in volunteering and contact with close relationships through their perception of remaining time. Further, this research highlights SLE as a motivator for encouragement of older adults’ social engagement.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Depression and Mental Distress Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in China: Online Cross-sectional Mediation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Rui She ◽  
Sitong Luo ◽  
Meiqi Xin ◽  
Lijuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic may elevate mental distress and depressive symptoms in various populations in China. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the levels of depression and mental distress due to COVID-19, and the associations between cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and depression and mental distress due to COVID-19 among university students in China. METHODS A large-scale online cross-sectional study (16 cities in 13 provinces) was conducted among university students from February 1 to 10, 2020, in China; 23,863 valid questionnaires were returned. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation and suppression effects. RESULTS Of the 23,863 participants, 47.1% (n=11,235) reported high or very high levels of one or more types of mental distress due to COVID-19; 39.1% (n=9326) showed mild to severe depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 was positively associated with depression. All but one factor (perceived infection risks, perceived chance of controlling the epidemic, staying at home, contacted people from Wuhan, and perceived discrimination) were significantly associated with mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 partially mediated and suppressed the associations between some of the studied factors and depression (effect size of 6.0%-79.5%). CONCLUSIONS Both mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression were prevalent among university students in China; the former may have increased the prevalence of the latter. The studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to COVID-19 may directly or indirectly (via mental distress due to COVID-19) affect depression. Interventions to modify such factors may reduce mental distress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Depression and Mental Distress Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in China: Online Cross-sectional Mediation Study

10.2196/22705 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e22705
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Rui She ◽  
Sitong Luo ◽  
Meiqi Xin ◽  
Lijuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The COVID-19 epidemic may elevate mental distress and depressive symptoms in various populations in China. Objective This study investigates the levels of depression and mental distress due to COVID-19, and the associations between cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and depression and mental distress due to COVID-19 among university students in China. Methods A large-scale online cross-sectional study (16 cities in 13 provinces) was conducted among university students from February 1 to 10, 2020, in China; 23,863 valid questionnaires were returned. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation and suppression effects. Results Of the 23,863 participants, 47.1% (n=11,235) reported high or very high levels of one or more types of mental distress due to COVID-19; 39.1% (n=9326) showed mild to severe depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 was positively associated with depression. All but one factor (perceived infection risks, perceived chance of controlling the epidemic, staying at home, contacted people from Wuhan, and perceived discrimination) were significantly associated with mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 partially mediated and suppressed the associations between some of the studied factors and depression (effect size of 6.0%-79.5%). Conclusions Both mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression were prevalent among university students in China; the former may have increased the prevalence of the latter. The studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to COVID-19 may directly or indirectly (via mental distress due to COVID-19) affect depression. Interventions to modify such factors may reduce mental distress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: Les Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097086
Author(s):  
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield ◽  
Ian Janssen ◽  
JianLi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Objective: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, 2 hours or less of recreational screen time per day, and 9 to 11 hours of sleep per night for 5 to 13 years old and 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 to 17 years old. This study examined the association between meeting these guidelines and psychological distress among adolescents. Methods: The present cross-sectional sample included 6,364 students aged 11 to 20 years from the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This provincially representative school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first conducted to confirm the factor structure of the K6, and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, and body mass index z-score was used to investigate the association between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and K6 factors among adolescents. Results: The CFA demonstrated that a 2-factor model (representing anxiety and depressive symptoms) of the K6 fit the data well. The anxiety and depression items demonstrated a composite reliability (Cronbach’s α) of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Compared to meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.076; P = 0.028) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.067; P = 0.028). Meeting the screen time + sleep duration recommendations had the strongest association with anxiety (β = −0.157; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.139; P < 0.001), followed by meeting the sleep duration recommendation only for both anxiety (β = −0.135; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.106; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and these associations appear mainly driven by meeting the sleep duration recommendation.

scholarly journals SOMATIC COMPLAINTS, A KEY FACTOR OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBJECTIVE MEMORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S648-S648
Author(s):  
Wonjeong Haavisto ◽  
Julie Blaskewicz Boron ◽  
Sherry Willis ◽  
Warner Schaie
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
General Frequency ◽  
Memory Concerns

Abstract Prior research found depressive symptoms and subjective memory to be associated with objective memory (OM) performance. One key factor of subjective memory, as measured by the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ), is General Frequency of Forgetting (GFF). However, few studies focused on identifying specific factors of depressive symptoms when examining associations between depressive symptoms, subjective memory and OM. Using structural equation modeling, cross-sectional associations of factors in the CES-D (depressive symptoms) to the MFQ (subjective memory) and OM were investigated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study (mean Age=72.39; SD=8.28; mean Education=15.12; SD=2.76; 58.4% female). Differential associations of the CES-D factors with the MFQ factors [n=389; RMSEA=.031; CFI=.973; TLI=.966] and the GFF subscales [n=389; RMSEA=.033; CFI=.971; TLI=.964] resulted. Only the CES-D somatic complaints factor was significantly associated with the GFF factor (β= -.45, p &lt;.001), suggesting that people with more somatic complaints reported more memory concerns. The CES-D somatic complaints factor was negatively associated with the frequency of forgetting in daily life (β=-.36, p&lt; .001) and forgetting while reading subscales (β= -.33, p &lt; .001), indicating individuals that reported more somatic complaints experienced more frequent memory failures when performing daily activities and reading. Overall, a key CES-D factor, somatic complaints, emerged as influential to subjective memory, whereas there was no relation to OM. Further study of the longitudinal associations between the CES-D factors and subjective and objective memory is essential to determine the potential impact on memory deficits.

Assisted Living Residents’ Sense of Belonging and Psychosocial Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 805-813
Author(s):  
Innah Park ◽  
Philip T. Veliz ◽  
Berit Ingersoll-Dayton ◽  
Laura M. Struble ◽  
Nancy A. Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Little is known about the psychosocial adjustment of older adults in the assisted living environment. A sense of belonging has been linked to psychological health and a lack of belonging could lead to loneliness. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine relationships between social engagement, sense of belonging, and psychological outcomes. Seventy female and 30 male assisted living residents participated. The mean age was 83.9 (range 65–99) years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that older age, higher physical function, and greater sense of belonging were associated with fewer negative psychosocial outcomes (depression and loneliness) and that sense of belonging functioned as a mediator between social engagement and psychosocial outcomes. Additional work is needed to fully understand how sense of belonging and other factors influence psychosocial outcomes.

A new look at nursing home residents’ depressive symptoms: the role of basic versus expanded everyday competence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Diegelmann ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Oliver K. Schilling ◽  
Carl-Philipp Jansen ◽  
Katrin Classen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground:Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in nursing home (NH) residents. The relationship between depressive symptoms and everyday competence in terms of basic (BaCo) and expanded everyday competence (ExCo; see Baltes et al., 2001) in the NH setting is, however, not clear. Applying Lewinsohn's depression model, we examined how residents’ BaCo and ExCo relate to their depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we investigated the mediating role of perceived control.Methods:Cross-sectional data from 196 residents (Mage = 83.7 years, SD = 9.4 years) of two German NHs were analyzed. Study variables were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale-Residential (GDS-12R), maximal gait speed (BaCo), proxy ratings of residents’ in-home activity participation, and self-initiated social contact done by staff (ExCo). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used and a simulation study was included to determine power and potential estimation bias.Results:At the descriptive level, one quarter of the residents showed symptoms of depression according to the GDS-12R cut-off criterion. Residents’ BaCo and ExCo were independently and equally strongly associated with their depressive symptoms in the SEM analysis. These findings were affected neither by cognitive impairment, sex, nor age. Perceived control mediated between BaCo but not ExCo and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Future research needs to follow the connection between residents’ everyday competence and their depressive symptoms longitudinally to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals A cross-lagged panel analysis of the relationship between neighborhood sense of community and school sense of community

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Prati ◽  
Elvira Cicognani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School And Community ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Relationship

Neighborhood sense of community and school sense of community have been associated with important outcomes for adolescents. However, the complex interplay between neighborhood sense of community and school sense of community among adolescents is not clear. Moreover, the studies showing an association between neighborhood sense of community and school sense of community have been cross-sectional. The present study investigated the directionality of the relationship between neighborhood sense of community and school sense of community using a longitudinal cross-lagged design. Using structural equation modeling, a cross-lagged panel analysis revealed that school sense of community at Time 1 significantly predicts neighborhood sense of community at Time 2 even after controlling for neighborhood sense of community at Time 1. However, neighborhood sense of community at Time 1 did not predict school sense of community at Time 2. Results of this study support the theory that school sense of community can provide students with a bridge between school and community.

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