scholarly journals Taking a Break: Daily Respite Effects of Adult Day Services as Objective and Subjective Time Away From Caregiving

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly J Wylie ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Steven H Zarit
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Adult Day Services ◽  
Work Conflict ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Day Services ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Time Away

Abstract Background and Objectives Adult day services (ADS) can provide emotional and physical relief for caregivers of persons with dementia. While prior studies conceptualized ADS use at the aggregate level as a dichotomous construct, little is known about objective and subjective respite as distinct constructs. This study investigated how objective and subjective breaks from caregiving were associated with caregivers’ daily emotional well-being. Research Design and Methods Family caregivers (N = 173) whose relatives were using ADS at least twice a week participated in daily interviews over eight consecutive days (day N = 1,359). Participants provided information on daily respite hours and daily affect. They also reported perceived frequency of breaks from caregiving responsibilities and primary and secondary caregiving stressors (i.e., overload and work conflict). Multilevel models were used to examine the research questions. Results On average, caregivers reported 7.12 respite hours on ADS days and 1.74 respite hours on non-ADS days. Having more objective respite was associated with higher positive affect, whereas more subjective respite was associated with lower negative affect, after controlling for ADS use and other covariates. Further, caregivers with greater work conflict experienced more benefits to their positive affect as a result of objective respite. Discussion and Implications Objective and subjective respite are unique aspects of caregiving that may have varying impact on caregivers. Respite may be especially beneficial for caregivers experiencing conflict between work and caregiving.

scholarly journals Volunteers’ Felt Respect and Its Associations With Volunteering Retention, Daily Affect, Well-being, and Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight C K Tse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Daily Affect

Abstract Objectives Volunteering is associated with improved physical and psychological well-being; volunteers feeling more respect for their work may have better well-being than their counterparts. Methods This study investigated the effects of felt respect for volunteer work on volunteering retention, daily affect, well-being (subjective, psychological, and social), and mortality. The study analyzed survey and mortality data from a national sample of 2,677 volunteers from the Midlife in the United States Study over a 20-year span. Daily affect data were obtained from a subsample of 1,032 volunteers. Results Compared to volunteers feeling less respect from others, those feeling more respect (a) were more likely to continue volunteering 10 and 20 years later, (b) had higher levels of daily positive affect and lower levels of daily negative affect, and (c) had higher levels of well-being over a 20-year period. The effect of felt respect on mortality was not statistically significant. Discussion Greater level of felt respect for volunteer work is positively related to volunteers’ retention rates, daily affective experience, and well-being.

scholarly journals Caregiver Stress: Biomarkers Linked to Disease Risk and the Psychobiology of Stress Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
Janelle Beadle ◽  
Felipe Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Adult Day Services ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Day Services ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Caregivers to older adults with chronic diseases frequently experience chronic stress which can negatively affect caregivers’ physical and mental health, and increase disease risk. This interdisciplinary symposium will highlight critical factors influencing caregiver stress, and the role of biomarkers in detecting caregiver disease risk. First, we will discuss the effects of stress and emotional experiences on risk for cardiovascular disease in caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). In the first talk, Dr. Mausbach will examine relationships among perceived stress, blood glucose and risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in caregivers of PWD. Next, Dr. Losada-Baltar will discuss the degree to which caregivers’ ambivalent feelings towards providing care are associated with inflammatory markers of cardiovascular risk. Following this, two talks will investigate critical links between stress and caregiver emotional well-being. Dr. Liu will report relationships among the stress-related hormone cortisol, sleep, and anxiety in the context of adult day services. Dr. Beadle will examine the degree to which caregivers’ affiliative, empathetic interactions with others relate to their experience of stress through cortisol assessments and neuroimaging. The final talk by Dr. Jain will investigate the effects of a Mentalizing Imagery Therapy intervention for family PWD caregivers on stress, evidence for mindfulness as a causal mediator of stress reduction, and the relationship to brain networks associated with emotion regulation. Taken together, this symposium will identify relevant psychosocial and biological factors that contribute to caregiver stress, as well as discuss the psychobiology of amelioration of caregiver stress.

scholarly journals Does Comprehensive Culture Change Adoption via the Household Model Enhance Nursing Home Residents’ Psychosocial Well-being?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hermer ◽  
Natasha S Bryant ◽  
Madeline Pucciarello ◽  
Carolina Mlynarczyk ◽  
Bridget Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Household Model ◽  
Implementation Assessment ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Several studies suggest that to substantially improve residents’ psychosocial well-being, traditional-model nursing homes should redesign themselves as small, homelike “households” along with comprehensively adopting other aspects of “culture change,” a set of reforms meant to improve residents’ quality of life. But this evidence mainly comes from qualitative studies. This comparative, observational study tested quantitatively whether residents in a household-model nursing home that had comprehensively adopted culture change reforms displayed greater positive affect, increased cognitive engagement, more extensive social interactions with staff and greater use of the environment than did residents at partial culture-change-adopting facilities with traditional, institutional environments. Research Design and Methods Household-model residents were matched on clinical and demographic factors with residents at two institutional control facilities that had partially adopted culture change and were observed for 8 hours each. To provide potentially converging evidence, aides and nurses were also observed. Finally, a culture change implementation assessment was conducted. Results The implementation assessment showed that the household-model home had implemented culture change beyond national norms, whereas the control facilities were U.S.-typical partial adopters. It also revealed that household-model staff cared for residents in a more person-centered manner. Observation analyses revealed that household-model residents spent less time idle and less time stationary at wheelchair hubs. Moreover, although household-model residents did not spend the most time in the dining area overall, they spent the greatest percentage of time there talking with staff, displaying positive affect, and displaying active engagement. Finally, household-model residents and staff spent the most time in task-oriented interactions, including personal care. Discussion and Implications These results suggest that the intended psychosocial benefits materialize in household-model facilities, particularly in the dining area and in resident–staff relationships. The findings raise the possibility that facilities may be able to achieve these outcomes without entirely redesigning their environment.

scholarly journals The Stress-Buffering Effect of Daily Physical Activity on Negative and Positive Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 405-405
Author(s):  
Sun Ah Lee ◽  
Susanna Joo ◽  
Kayeon Lee ◽  
Hye Won Chai ◽  
Hey Jung Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Daily Experiences

Abstract Previous studies show that physical activity is beneficial for emotional well-being. This study extends prior research by examining whether engagement in physical activity moderates the association between daily stressor severity and daily emotional well-being. We used data from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences, a sub-project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Respondents (N = 1,851; ages 33 to84) reported their daily experiences across eight consecutive days. Multilevel models explored concurrent and lagged interaction effects between daily stressor severity and physical activity on negative and positive affect and whether these associations differed by age. Physical activity was measured by engagement in vigorous physical activity for at least 30 minutes. Results showed significant interactions between stressor severity and physical activity on same-day negative and positive affect. Specifically, stressor severity was associated with smaller elevation in daily negative affect on physically active days (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) compared to non-active days (b = 0.11, p < 0.001). Reductions in daily positive affect were greater on physically inactive days (b = -0.11, p < 0.001) compared to active days (b = -0.08, p < 0.001). These associations did not differ by age, but additional findings revealed that stressor severity was associated with greater elevation in negative affect among younger respondents (b = 0.12, p < 0.001) than older adults (b = 0.10, p < 0.001). These results highlight the importance of engagement in physical activity for emotional well-being under stressful situations in daily context.

scholarly journals TAKING A BREAK: DAILY RESPITE EFFECTS OF ADULT DAY SERVICE AS ACTUAL TIME AWAY FROM CAREGIVING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S595-S595
Author(s):  
Molly J Wylie ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Steven H Zarit
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Time Away

Abstract Adult day service (ADS) can provide emotional and physical relief for caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). Studies have examined differences between caregivers of service users and non-users; less known, however, is how actual hours away from caregiving responsibilities through using ADS impact caregivers’ daily outcomes. Using daily diary data from 173 family caregivers whose relatives are using ADS (day N = 1,359), this study investigated within-person differences in respite hours across 8 consecutive days and how daily respite hours are associated with daily well-being (i.e., mood and health symptoms). On average, caregivers reported 7.12 respite hours on ADS days and 1.74 respite hours on non-ADS days. Multilevel models revealed that having more respite hours is associated with better positive mood, but not with negative mood and health symptoms – after controlling for ADS use. Further, when caregivers perceived more break time from caregiving responsibilities, they showed better positive mood.

scholarly journals How We Experience Being Alone: Age Differences in Affective and Biological Correlates of Momentary Solitude

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Pauly ◽  
Jennifer C. Lay ◽  
Urs M. Nater ◽  
Stacey B. Scott ◽  
Christiane A. Hoppmann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Handheld Device

Background: Spending time alone constitutes a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives. As we get older, alone time increases. Less is known, however, about age differences in the experience of spending time alone (momentary solitude). Objectives: We examined time-varying associations between momentary solitude, affect quality, and two hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity markers [salivary cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs)] to better understand the affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude across the adult life span. Method: A total of 185 adults aged 20-81 years (mean age = 49 years, 51% female, 74% Caucasian) completed questionnaires on momentary solitude (alone vs. not alone) and current affect on a handheld device, and provided concurrent saliva samples up to seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel models, controlling for the overall amount of time participants spent alone during the study (overall solitude). Results: Greater overall solitude was associated with decreased average high arousal positive affect and increased average cortisol and DHEAs levels. Momentary solitude was associated with reduced high arousal positive affect, increased low arousal positive affect, and increased low arousal negative affect. Age by momentary solitude interactions indicate that greater age was associated with increased high arousal positive affect and reduced low arousal negative affect during momentary solitude. Furthermore, momentary solitude was associated with increased cortisol and DHEAs. With greater age, the association between momentary solitude and cortisol weakened. Conclusion: Consistent with the negative connotations to loneliness and objective social isolation, greater overall solitude was associated with negative affective and biological correlates. Spending a large overall amount of time alone in old age might thus have negative ramifications for health and well-being. Momentary solitude, in contrast, can be a double-edged sword as evidenced by both positive and negative well-being implications. Importantly, greater age is linked to more favorable affective and biological correlates of momentary solitude. The momentary state of spending time alone is thus an experience that is not necessarily negative and that may improve with aging.

scholarly journals Daily Sleep, Well-Being, and Adult Day Services Use Among Dementia Care Dyads

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 816-816
Author(s):  
Yin Liu ◽  
Amanda Leggett ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Courtney Polenick ◽  
Susan McCurry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Daytime Functioning ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Adult Day Services ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Day Services ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Sleep is critical for health and well-being among both persons with dementia (PwD) and their family caregivers (CG). This study described sleep characteristics for dementia family care dyads, then examined the associations with sleep quality, daytime functioning, and mood in the context of Adult Day Services (ADS) use. Caregivers (n = 173) reported daily bedtime, wake time, and sleep quality for themselves and the persons with dementia across 8 consecutive days (N = 1,359), where PwD attended ADS at least 2 days of the week. They also reported their own fatigue and affect and PwD’s daytime and nighttime sleep and behavior problems on each day. Findings from multilevel models suggested that bedtime was earlier and total time in bed was shorter before an ADS day for the dyad, and also on an ADS day for PwD; wake time was earlier for the dyad on and following an ADS day. Using ADS related to better prior night sleep quality for PwD; it also weakened the association between nighttime sleep problems and higher daytime negative affect for CG. Yesterday’s ADS use buffered the negative impact of shorter total time in bed on CG daytime fatigue; it also buffered the association between nighttime sleep problems and lowered CG daytime positive affect. Regular ADS use may protect against the adverse impact of sleep disturbances on daytime functioning and well-being for dementia care dyads.

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