scholarly journals Behavioural and environmental influences on adolescent decision making in personal relationships: a qualitative multi-stakeholder exploration in Panama

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ana B Ara�z-Ledezma ◽  
Karlijn Massar ◽  
Gerjo Kok
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education System ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sufficient Evidence

Abstract Adolescents in Panama face multiple challenges to their sexual health, rights and well-being such as high rates of teenage pregnancy (∼30% of all pregnancies), increased HIV infections and sexual violence. In the absence of sufficient evidence-based data and an ongoing debate in Panamanian society about how to approach adolescents’ health problems, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of different societal actors, namely governmental employees, NGO employees, academics, members from religious groups, teachers and parents. We conducted in-depth interviews (N = 34) which focused on the behavioural and environmental factors considered to influence adolescents’ decision making with regard to love, friendships and family relations. Furthermore, we explored how these stakeholders viewed the role of the education system, and the potential of including social–emotional learning (SEL) in the curriculum to provide skills and capacities, which could encourage adolescents to make better decisions and improve their well-being, in general but also in the context of sexual behaviours. Analysis revealed five central themes, i.e. perceptions towards gender roles and equality, adolescents’ love (sexual) relationships, capacity needs regarding prevention of risk behaviours and the role of education, comprehensive sexuality education in schools and the potentiality of SEL in the education system. The findings of the study can enhance understanding on the views of stakeholders regarding the factors influencing adolescents’ decision making, as well as regarding the possibilities of introducing SEL in the Panamanian educational curriculum.

scholarly journals Peran Persepsi Individu Terhadap Asuransi dan Model Kepercayaan Kesehatan dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Menggunakan Asuransi Jiwa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Gede Rat Praba Ari ◽  
Dewi Puri Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

The use of health insurance is highly related with a person’s life depending on the perception of an individual and health belief model they own. Perception and health belief model bear an important role in determining how a person percieve their future especially related to health and older age well-being. One alternative in promising older age well being and health is through health insurance. This research was aimed to determine the role of individual perception upon insurance and health belief model in decision making process using life insurance. The method of this research is using quantitative method. The subjects of this research were the individuals using life insurance. The total subject in this research is 90 whom were selected using cluster random sampling.   For hypothesis, the data was analyzed using multiple regression. The result of multiple regression analysis in this study is 0.764. Relative contribution of perception variable is 98.38% and the health belief model variable is 1.61%. Effective contribution of perception variable is 57.45% and the health belief model variable is 0.94%. This results show that there is a relation between the role of individual perception upon insurance and health belief model in decision making process using life insurance. However, when the data was analyzed using partial correlation, only individual perception of insurance variable has a relation with decision making variable.   Keyword        : Perception, Health Belief Model, Life Insurance

scholarly journals The Role of the Director of Educational Units and the Participation of the Teachers' Association in the Decision-making Process. An Overview of the Greek’s Education System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vasileios Platis ◽  
Athena Argyropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Daily Routine

The present paper examines the concept of leadership, the types of leadership and especially the role that the Director plays regarding decision making in the Greek education system. It reviews the literature on the Greek case and through the negotiation and commentary of a specific example from the daily routine of the Greek school, demonstrates how important it is for the Director tooperate democratically and use the presence of the Teachers' Association for the benefit of the school.

Governing for Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Baum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
For Profit ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Public Decision

Governing for Health makes the argument that it is vital that governments and international agencies govern in the interests of protecting the environment and promoting human health and equity. A healthy society results from the organized efforts of every sector in society to promote health in all activities. The book examines how this can be done in the fiscal, health service, education, urban planning, environment, and local government sectors. It also promotes the crucial role of civil society in advocating for the health of people and the environment. The importance of the work of each sector to health is described, and the ways in which that work can be made more health promoting are examined. Each chapter contains practical examples of changes that can be made if governing for health is privileged. A key message of the book is that in the last decades economic considerations have come to dominate public decision-making so that governing for profit has been the single-minded aim of governments. The book argues passionately that new priorities are required that see all sectors governing for the needs of people and the environment rather than for short-term profits. The book also contains a chapter directed to politicians, suggesting a manifesto for well-being. It concludes by distilling the messages of the book into six central messages for governing for health, and ends with a plea that hope and courage should dominate decision-making.

scholarly journals Does trust influence the informal lending decision? An investigative analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntiedo J. Umoren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
Lending Decision

This study analysed the role of trust in informal lending decision-making process. By applying verbal protocol analysis, this paper empirically examined the role of trust and cooperation in lender’s initial reaction to potential lending opportunities, and the lender’s assessment of the intermediary responsible for providing the initial referral of the lending opportunity. The results corroborate earlier findings, and provide sufficient evidence to confirm that about 93 per cent of lending opportunities presented to informal lenders are rejected. It also shows that considerable reliance is placed on the brokers presenting the opportunities. The result also indicates that the dearth of entrepreneurial development in Nigeria is tied implicitly to the instant trust and instant cooperation paradigm.

scholarly journals Chronic Pain and Chronic Stress: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701770476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi G Abdallah ◽  
Paul Geha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being

Pain and stress share significant conceptual and physiological overlaps. Both phenomena challenge the body’s homeostasis and necessitate decision-making to help animals adapt to their environment. In addition, chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories. Yet, they also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised well-being. In this brief review, we highlight the commonalities and differences between chronic stress and chronic pain, while focusing particularly on the central role of the limbic brain. We assess the current attempts in the field to conceptualize and understand chronic pain, within the context of knowledge gained from the stress literature. The limbic brain—including hippocampus, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—plays a critical role in learning. These brain areas integrate incoming nociceptive or stress signals with internal state, and generate learning signals necessary for decision-making. Therefore, the physiological and structural remodeling of this learning circuitry is observed in conditions such as chronic pain, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and is also linked to the risk of onset of these conditions.

scholarly journals Perceived facilitators of and barriers to mental health treatment engagement among decision-making competent adolescents in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsamadou ◽  
P. Voultsos ◽  
A. Emmanouilidis ◽  
G. Ampatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background A subset of adolescents with mental disorders are likely to have decision-making capacity that facilitates their therapy engagement. However, there are high rates of drop-out in mental health settings. Aim This study aims to identify perceived barriers to or facilitators of mental health care engagement among adolescents with decision-making competence in Greece. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of adolescents with a wide range of mental health problems. In addition, two psychometric assessment measures were used to define who to include or exclude from the study sample. Results Positive attitudes and experiences with therapy were reported as strong (“major”) facilitators of therapy engagement for adolescents with mental disorders, whereas negative experiences with therapy were reported as strong barriers to it. Furthermore, and most importantly, a “good” adolescent-therapist relationship was reported as a strong facilitator, whereas negative experiences of participants with their therapist were reported as strong barriers. Moreover, goals such as getting rid of symptoms, improving personal well-being, and improving social skills and relationships (especially with peers) emerged as strong facilitators of therapy engagement. Importantly, the early remission of symptoms emerged from the study as a strong barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Among the weaker (“minor”) perceived facilitators were goals such as confessing to a trustworthy person, becoming able to achieve personal expectations and life goals, enhancing independence and self-esteem, and developing a positive self-image. The (active or supportive) role of family emerged as a facilitator. The stigma related to mental health emerged as both a (“minor”) facilitator of and barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Friends were reported as having a role ranging from neutral to mildly supportive. Conclusion A number of more or less strong barriers and facilitators were identified that, for the most part, were consistent with prior literature. However, the authors identified some nuances that are of clinical importance. For instance, adolescents are most likely to terminate the treatment prematurely if they experience early symptom remission. Highlighting the role of therapy in achieving their goals or improving their families’ well-being might be used by therapists to reduce the attrition rate.

scholarly journals To Give or to Take Money? The Effects of Choice on Prosocial Spending and Happiness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajdi Moche ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Spending

Previous studies show that spending money on other people makes people happier than spending it on whatever they want. This study tested and extended this by examining the role of active versus passive choice and default choices. 788 participants played and won money in a game, from which some of the earnings could be donated to charity. Participants were randomized to five conditions (control, passive/active decision, default to self/charity). Three measures of subjective well-being (SWB) was used. The results show that people who donated money were happier than people who kept money for themselves, and active choices elicited significantly more negative affect than passive choices. Also, more people chose to keep the money when this was the default. Last, the greatest effect on happiness was when participants chose to change from the default. The results are in line with previous findings in both positive psychology and decision making.

scholarly journals “We are in this together:” dyadic-level influence and decision-making among HIV serodiscordant couples in Tanzania receiving access to PrEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Fonner ◽  
Jacob Ntogwisangu ◽  
Isihaka Hamidu ◽  
Juliet Joseph ◽  
Joshua Fields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Hiv Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Self Testing

Abstract Background A substantial number of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa occur within stable couples. Biomedical prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) and treatment (antiretroviral therapy, ART) can provide benefits to sexual partners and can be used to prevent infection within HIV serodiscordant couples. However, research is typically focused on individuals, not dyads, even when the intervention may directly or indirectly impact sexual partners. Gaps remain in understanding best practices for recruitment, informed consent, and intervention implementation in studies involving HIV prevention and treatment among heterosexual serodiscordant couples. This qualitative study was undertaken to understand and describe decision-making and dyadic-level influence among members of serodiscordant couples regarding (1) participation in a dyadic-based research study involving HIV self-testing and access to PrEP, and (2) utilization of PrEP and ART. Methods This qualitative study was nested within an observational cohort study assessing the acceptability of home-based couples’ HIV self-testing and uptake of dyadic care for serodiscordant couples involving facilitated referral for HIV-positive partners and access to PrEP for HIV-negative partners. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among a subset of study participants (n = 22) as well as individuals involved in serodiscordant relationships who chose not to participate (n = 9). Interviews focused on couples’ decision-making regarding study participation and dyadic-level influence on medication use. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated from Kiswahili into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three major themes were identified: (1) HIV as “two people’s secret” and the elevated role of partner support in serodiscordant relationships; (2) the intersectional role of HIV-status and gender on decision-making; (3) the relational benefits of PrEP, including psychosocial benefits for the couple that extend beyond prevention. Conclusions The study found that couples made joint decisions regarding study participation and uptake of HIV-related medication. Relational autonomy and dyadic-level influence should be considered within research and programs involving HIV serodiscordant couples.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Community Readiness Assessment for Implementing School-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Furqan Ahmed ◽  
Ghufran Ahmad ◽  
Katharina Paff ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Tilman Brand
Keyword(s):  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Community Readiness ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Sexuality Education ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
School Based

Evidence indicates that school-based sexuality education empowers children and adolescents with the skills, values, and attitudes that will enable them to appreciate their health and well-being, nourish respectful social and sexual relationships, understand their rights, and to make informed choices. Owing to organized community resistance and prevalent misconceptions, promoting sexual and reproductive health has been challenging, especially in conservative settings like Pakistan. This study aimed at systematically exploring communities’ perceptions regarding implementing school-based comprehensive sexuality education by conducting a cross-sectional community readiness assessment in Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted with community key informants. Following the guidelines of the community readiness handbook, the interviews were transcribed and scored by two independent raters. The results indicate that, overall, the Islamabad community is at stage two of community readiness, the denial/resistance stage. Individual dimension scores indicate that knowledge of efforts, resources for efforts, knowledge about the issue, and leadership dimensions are at the denial/resistance stage. Only community climate was rated at stage three of community readiness, the vague awareness stage. This indicates that, for promoting sexuality education in the Pakistani context, it is essential to tackle resistance by sensitizing the community and the stakeholders through awareness campaigns.

scholarly journals Act pro-childhood in and from the university in Manicaragua. Pedagogical conception

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Mario Rolando Pérez Gómez ◽  
◽  
Susana Rufina Arteaga González ◽  
Noevia Torres Díaz ◽  
Arián Sánchez Vigoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
The University

The article proposes a pedagogical conception that enhances pro-childhood action in its different contexts of action in Manicaragua. Its construction, in and from the university, fosters transformations in the Cuban educational system in response to vulnerabilities related to family dysfunction, responsible for the occurrence of child abuse. Educational agents, such as teachers who are graduates or in training and outside the educational sector, are trained through the municipal community pedagogical project For a Happy Childhood, the main setting where they get involved in a cooperative way. The spaces for analysis, reflection, exchange, and decision-making that take place there generate a multiplicity of learning about preventive culture and rights, peaceful environments, well-being and satisfaction as an expression of happiness. These postulates of the conception are consistent with the university- society articulation in its relationship with children, families, communities, the role of teaching and the determination of university content.

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