scholarly journals Corrigendum to: Hydrodynamic simulations of the performance landscape for suction-feeding fishes reveal multiple peaks for different prey types

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1571
Author(s):  
Karin H Olsson ◽  
Christopher H Martin ◽  
Roi Holzman
Keyword(s):  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Multiple Peaks

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Performance Landscape for Suction-Feeding Fishes Reveal Multiple Peaks for Different Prey Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin H Olsson ◽  
Christopher H Martin ◽  
Roi Holzman
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Multiple Peaks ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Extant Species

Abstract The complex interplay between form and function forms the basis for generating and maintaining organismal diversity. Fishes that rely on suction-feeding for prey capture exhibit remarkable phenotypic and trophic diversity. Yet the relationships between fish phenotypes and feeding performance on different prey types are unclear, partly because the morphological, biomechanical, and hydrodynamic mechanisms that underlie suction-feeding are complex. Here we demonstrate a general framework to investigate the mapping of multiple phenotypic traits to performance by mapping kinematic variables to suction-feeding capacity. Using a mechanistic model of suction-feeding that is based on core physical principles, we predict prey capture performance across a broad range of phenotypic trait values, for three general prey types: mollusk-like prey, copepod-like prey, and fish-like prey. Mollusk-like prey attach to surfaces, copepod-like prey attempt to escape upon detecting the hydrodynamic disturbance produced by the predator, and fish-like prey attempt to escape when the predator comes within a threshold distance. This approach allowed us to evaluate suction-feeding performance for any combination of six key kinematic traits, irrespective of whether these trait combinations were observed in an extant species, and to generate a multivariate mapping of phenotype to performance. We used gradient ascent methods to explore the complex topography of the performance landscape for each prey type, and found evidence for multiple peaks. Characterization of phenotypes associated with performance peaks indicates that the optimal kinematic parameter range for suction-feeding on different prey types are narrow and distinct from each other, suggesting different functional constraints for the three prey types. These performance landscapes can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the distribution of extant species in trait space and their evolutionary trajectories toward adaptive peaks on macroevolutionary fitness landscapes.

scholarly journals Two‐Dimensional Multiangle, Multigroup Neutrino Radiation‐Hydrodynamic Simulations of Postbounce Supernova Cores

2008 ◽  
Vol 685 (2) ◽  
pp. 1069-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Ott ◽  
Adam Burrows ◽  
Luc Dessart ◽  
Eli Livne
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Neutrino Radiation

scholarly journals GJ 436b and the stellar wind interaction: simulations constraints using Lyα and Hα transits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Villarreal D’Angelo ◽  
Aline A Vidotto ◽  
Alejandro Esquivel ◽  
Gopal Hazra ◽  
Allison Youngblood
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Planetary Atmosphere ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Stellar Disc ◽  
Planetary Mass ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract The GJ 436 planetary system is an extraordinary system. The Neptune-size planet that orbits the M3 dwarf revealed in the Lyα line an extended neutral hydrogen atmosphere. This material fills a comet-like tail that obscures the stellar disc for more than 10 hours after the planetary transit. Here, we carry out a series of 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations to model the interaction of the stellar wind with the escaping planetary atmosphere. With these models, we seek to reproduce the $\sim 56\%$ absorption found in Lyα transits, simultaneously with the lack of absorption in Hα transit. Varying the stellar wind strength and the EUV stellar luminosity, we search for a set of parameters that best fit the observational data. Based on Lyα observations, we found a stellar wind velocity at the position of the planet to be around [250-460] km s−1 with a temperature of [3 − 4] × 105 K. The stellar and planetary mass loss rates are found to be 2 × 10−15 M⊙ yr−1 and ∼[6 − 10] × 109 g s−1, respectively, for a stellar EUV luminosity of [0.8 − 1.6] × 1027 erg s−1. For the parameters explored in our simulations, none of our models present any significant absorption in the Hα line in agreement with the observations.

scholarly journals The Modified Void Nucleation and Growth Model (MNAG) for Damage Evolution in BCC Ta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Darby J. Luscher ◽  
Saryu J. Fensin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Void Coalescence ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Void Evolution ◽  
Void Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Nucleation Growth

A void coalescence term was proposed as an addition to the original void nucleation and growth (NAG) model to accurately describe void evolution under dynamic loading. The new model, termed as modified void nucleation and growth model (MNAG model), incorporated analytic equations to explicitly account for the evolution of the void number density and the void volume fraction (damage) during void nucleation, growth, as well as the coalescence stage. The parameters in the MNAG model were fitted to molecular dynamics (MD) shock data for single-crystal and nanocrystalline Ta, and the corresponding nucleation, growth, and coalescence rates were extracted. The results suggested that void nucleation, growth, and coalescence rates were dependent on the orientation as well as grain size. Compared to other models, such as NAG, Cocks–Ashby, Tepla, and Tonks, which were only able to reproduce early or later stage damage evolution, the MNAG model was able to reproduce all stages associated with nucleation, growth, and coalescence. The MNAG model could provide the basis for hydrodynamic simulations to improve the fidelity of the damage nucleation and evolution in 3-D microstructures.

Internal Alignment of the Halos of Disk Galaxies in Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations

2005 ◽  
Vol 627 (1) ◽  
pp. L17-L20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bailin ◽  
Daisuke Kawata ◽  
Brad K. Gibson ◽  
Matthias Steinmetz ◽  
Julio F. Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disk Galaxies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations

scholarly journals The benefits of planar circular mouths on suction feeding performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Skorczewski ◽  
Angela Cheer ◽  
Peter C. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects

Suction feeding is the most common form of prey capture across aquatic feeding vertebrates and many adaptations that enhance efficiency and performance are expected. Many suction feeders have mechanisms that allow the mouth to form a planar and near-circular opening that is believed to have beneficial hydrodynamic effects. We explore the effects of the flattened and circular mouth opening through computational fluid dynamics simulations that allow comparisons with other mouth profiles. Compared to mouths with lateral notches, we find that the planar mouth opening results in higher flow rates into the mouth and a region of highest flow that is positioned at the centre of the mouth aperture. Planar mouths provide not only for better total fluid flow rates through the mouth but also through the centre of the mouth near where suction feeders position their prey. Circular mouths are shown to provide the quickest capture times for spherical and elliptical prey because they expose the prey item to a large region of high flow. Planar and circular mouths result in higher flow velocities with peak flow located at the centre of the mouth opening and they maximize the capacity of the suction feeders to exert hydrodynamic forces on the prey.

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