scholarly journals Off the beaten path: what drives scientists’ entry into new fields?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Kelchtermans ◽  
Daniel Neicu ◽  
Reinhilde Veugelers
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
European Research ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Scientific Fields

Abstract Given that venturing into unknown territory carries substantial risk, scientists do not take the decision to enter a new field lightly. This paper analyzes a broad set of factors associated with the risks and rewards from entry into new-to-the-researcher scientific fields, including individual capacities and preferences as well as incentives stemming from career progression and access to funding. Using a panel of researchers in biomedical sciences and science and engineering from a large European research university, we find that productivity affects new field entry as such but is not associated with entry into fields that are very distant to one’s current expertise. Scientists in more senior ranks, with larger co-author networks and collaborating with PhD students, are more likely to enter new fields, but these factors do not represent an additional push to enter very remote fields. Such “long jumps” are more likely to be made by above-average talented rather than merely productive researchers. Finally, accounting for its endogeneity, we find that funding does not make new field entry more likely.

The world's lingua franca of science

English Today ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikomaro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Bibliometric Approach ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Language Of Chemistry

A survey of English as the universalizing language of chemistry.In recent decades the use of English has extended greatly in various fields, including both science and engineering, where it is now more widely used than in any other scientific fields. However, only a few papers have been published (cf. Sano, 1986) to demonstrate the trend in a quantitative manner. In order to discuss this trend here, a bibliometric approach has been adopted in order to retrieve the relevant information from a large scientific database.

scholarly journals Risk factors for surgical site infections after caesarean section at Yaounde, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Pierre M. Tebeu ◽  
Aurelien Kamdem ◽  
Jean P. Ngou-Mve-Ngou ◽  
Esther Meka ◽  
Jesse S. S. Antaon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Squared

Background: Surgical site infection is the invasion by microorganisms of the tissue layers affected by the surgical procedure. Maternal morbidity from infections has been shown to be higher after caesarean section compared to the vaginal delivery. Objective of the research was to analyze the risk factors associated with surgical site infections after caesarean section.Methods: This was a cross sectional (affected/non affected) study approved by the institutional committee for ethics and research of the faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences. A total of 310 medical files were assessed, 62 files from patients with surgical site infections and 248 files from patients without any complications. The data was collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. The Chi squared and the Fisher exact tests were used to assess homogeneity between the 2 groups. Odd ratio 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association between the variables.Results: The proportion of surgical site infections during the study was 1.81%. Factors associated with surgical site infections were premature rupture of membranes (OR: 2.065; 95% CI 1.051-4.05; p=0.035); the vertical midline incision (OR=5.26; 95% CI; 1.41-19.57; p=0.013) and a operation by a resident physician doctor (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.09-3.59; p=0.02).Conclusions: A factors associated with surgical site infections after caesarean section are a premature rupture of membranes, vertical midline incision and the qualification of the practitioner.

Axillary recurrence (AR) after negative sentinel node biopsy (SNB): Who is at risk?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
Rachel Leah Farkas ◽  
David G. Hicks ◽  
Ping Tang ◽  
Michelle Shayne ◽  
Alissa Huston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menopausal Status ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Occult Disease ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Substantial Risk

180 Background: AR after negative SNB is a rare event. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with AR. Methods: A breast cancer (BC) database was reviewed identifying 4 cases of AR among 424 (0.9%) patients with a negative SNB over a 5 year period. Demographic, pathologic and treatment data were collected. Patients with AR were compared those without using standard methods for contingency tables to identify factors associated with AR. Results: Tumor and treatment factors are shown in the table. There was no difference in age, race, menopausal status, tumor size or palpability, or the average number of SLNs harvested between the groups. Recurrences were only seen in patients with triple negative (TN), high grade tumors. AR occurred in 12.5% of pN0(i+) BCs compared to 6% of pN0 BCs (p<0.05). AR occurred in 3.5% of BCs with LVI compared to 0.5% of BCs without LVI (p<0.05). AR occurred in 4.3% of high grade BCs compared to 0% of non-high grade BCs (p<0.05). When comparing those with AR to TN patients without AR, patients with AR were less likely to have received chemotherapy(CT) (3 of the 4 patients declined). Both AR patients who received radiation therapy (XRT) had fields limited by anatomic constraints and the recurrence occurred outside of the radiated fields. AR occurred in 2% of TN BCs treated with CT compared to 19% of TN BCs not treated with CT (p<0.05). Conclusions: For a patient to develop AR there must be retained occult disease in the axilla that is not controlled by adjuvant therapies given. Factors such as high grade tumors and LVI that increase the chances of node positivity or increase SNB false negative rates increase the chances of retained occult disease in the axilla. If these patients do not receive optimal adjuvant therapies, there is a substantial risk of AR. Care should be taken when using SNB in such high risk patients. [Table: see text]

Turning science into business: a case study of a major European research university

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azèle Mathieu ◽  
Martin Meyer ◽  
Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
European Research

scholarly journals Patent Production at a European Research University: Exploratory Evidence at the Laboratory Level

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro ◽  
Nicolas Carayol ◽  
Patrick Llerena
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
European Research

Factors associated with early career progression in professional Australian Football players

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (19) ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Sullivan ◽  
Thomas Kempton ◽  
Patrick Ward ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Career Progression ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Australian Football

FROM CHAOS TO ORDER — PERSPECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES IN CONTROLLING CHAOTIC NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 1363-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUANRONG CHEN ◽  
XIAONING DONG
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Engineering Physics

Controlling (or ordering) chaos is a new concept, which has recently drawn much attention from the communities of engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedical sciences and mathematics. This paper offers an overview of the different interpretations and approaches in the investigation of controlling chaos for various nonlinear dynamical systems. Relevant historical background is provided, several successful techniques are described and analyzed with necessary verifications, and some realistic yet instructive examples are included. The paper also aims at promoting more efforts to be devoted to this challenging and promising new direction of research, as well as its potential applications in nonlinear systems science and engineering.

scholarly journals Características de la producción científica de instituciones de Puebla indexada en la Web of Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Alfonso Felipe Díaz-Cárdenas ◽  
María del Rayo Sankey-García ◽  
Alfonso Díaz-Furlong ◽  
Héctor Adrián Díaz-Furlong ◽  
Reyna Xoxocotzi-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Search Procedure ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
The Web

En este artículo describimos el ámbito de la investigación en el estado de Puebla, México, cuyos resultados han sido publicados en revistas indizadas en la Web of Science (WoS). El corpus examinado fue recopilado mediante el procedimiento de búsqueda con la palabra “puebla” en los campos organización y dirección, restringido al periodo 2008-2012. Como se desprende de los datos obtenidos la Universidad Autónoma de Puebla y el Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica son los organismos más productivos del estado de Puebla. Nos centramos en los 102 artículos más citados del periodo y observamos que la producción científica con participación de instituciones poblanas se concentra en las ciencias físicas y biomédicas. Esta producción, mayoritariamente, proviene de colaboraciones de carácter internacional y las publicaciones más citadas presentan al menos tres autores; mientras que los textos de responsabilidad individual tienen poco impacto, de acuerdo con el número de citas registradas. Asimismo, estudiamos las diferencias por áreas científicas en cuanto a producción e impacto en términos de citas.AbstractThis article describes the scope and characteristics of the research developed in the state of Puebla, Mexico, whose results have been published in journals indexed in the Web of Science. The analyzed corpus was compiled by the search procedure with the word “puebla” in the organization and address fields, restricted to the period 2008-2012. We observed from the data obtained that the Universidad Autónoma de Puebla and the Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica are the most productive institutions of Puebla. Our focus was on the 102 most cited articles of the period. Scientific production of Puebla institutions focuses on the physical and biomedical sciences and this production derives mostly from international collaborations. The multiauthor articles (at least three authors) are the most cited publications, while the individual research papers have little impact according to their number of citations. Finally, we analyze the differences in impact factor across scientific fields.

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