scholarly journals Comparing methods for building trophic spectra of ecological data

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Libralato ◽  
Cosimo Solidoro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Density Distribution Function ◽  
Ecological Data

Abstract Libralato, S., and Solidoro, C. 2010. Comparing methods for building trophic spectra of ecological data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 426–434. The distribution of biomass, production, and catches over trophic levels (TLs) of the foodweb has been shown theoretically and empirically to provide powerful insights into ecosystem functioning and the effects of fishing. One approach for building trophic spectra of ecological data is based on smoothing original data and assuming zeroes when no values are available for a TL (smoothing-based method). An alternative method is proposed, based on the distribution of ecological data according to density functions (dispersion-based method), and a systematic review of the different alternatives is presented. Six different methods for building trophic spectra, i.e. the smoothing-based and five alternative forms for dispersion-based (using normal, lognormal, and Weibull distributions, also including shifted lognormal and Weibull with zero at TL 2), were applied to ecological properties (i.e. production, biomass, and catches) derived for 24 foodweb models to test their relative performance. The smoothing-based method suffers from the lack of consistency with original data and from unrealistic emergent properties, such as transfer efficiency. The analysis demonstrates the advantages of the dispersion-based method for overcoming these issues and shows, using transfer efficiencies estimated from the models (flow-based estimates) as a reference, that the normal density distribution function performs better.

scholarly journals More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lopez-Leon ◽  
Talia Wegman-Ostrosky ◽  
Carol Perelman ◽  
Rosalinda Sepulveda ◽  
Paulina A. Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Attention Disorder ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractCOVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17–87 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.

scholarly journals Calculation of Radial Density Distribution Function for main orbital of Carbon atom and Carbon like ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1455-1458
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Radial Density ◽  
Density Distribution Function ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Radial Density Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

Radial density distribution function of one particle D(r1) was calculated for main orbital of carbon atom and carbon like ions (N+ and B- ) by using the Partitioning technique .The results presented for K and L shells for the Carbon atom and negative ion of Boron and positive ion for nitrogen ion . We observed that as atomic number increases the probability of existence of electrons near the nucleus increases and the maximum of the location r1 decreases. In this research the Hartree-fock wavefunctions have been computed using Mathcad computer software .

The role of cultural beliefs on eating patterns and food practices among pregnant women: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío de Diego-Cordero ◽  
Estefanía Rivilla-Garcia ◽  
Desireé Diaz-Jimenez ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti ◽  
Bárbara Badanta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Practices

Abstract Context Despite the importance of cultural beliefs in clinical practice, few systematic reviews have investigated how these beliefs influence food practices in pregnant women. Objective To explore the role of cultural beliefs in eating patterns and food practices among pregnant women, highlighting food recommendations, food taboos and restrictions, and their association with health. Data Sources A systematic review was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from May 2014 to May 2019. Data Extraction Articles were included if the studies included pregnant women, analyzed how cultural beliefs may influence eating patterns, were peer-reviewed articles with original data, published in the last 5 years, and in English or Spanish language. Quality assessment was also performed. Data Analysis A total of 544 articles were identified in the search and 24 were included in the final analysis (17 using qualitative design, 6 using quantitative design, and 1 with a mixed-design). These studies were predominantly from the African continent (n = 15). Our findings showed that culture is a key factor related to “taboos” and food restrictions, which are transmitted by the family or members of community, having a strong religious or spiritual influence. All these restrictions are related to the fear of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes such as the risk of abortion, dystocia, and congenital macrosomia, or are used to avoid child problems such as cutaneous and respiratory disorders. Conclusions Findings from this study indicate cultural beliefs are strongly associated with food patterns and eating habits in pregnant women. Administrators and health professionals should be aware of these beliefs to minimize problems in the perinatal period.

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