scholarly journals Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: literature review and research recommendations for global mental health epidemiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kohrt ◽  
A. Rasmussen ◽  
B. N. Kaiser ◽  
E. E. Haroz ◽  
S. M. Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Cultural Concepts Of Distress ◽  
Research Recommendations

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders Among Older Black Americans: Within- and Between-Group Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Joseph Taylor ◽  
Linda M Chatters
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Black American ◽  
American Population ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Psychiatric disorders impose significant personal, social, and financial costs for individuals, families, and the nation. Despite a large amount of research and several journals focused on psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of research on psychiatric disorders among Black Americans (i.e., African Americans and Black Caribbeans), particularly older Black Americans. The present literature review examines research on psychiatric disorders among older Black Americans and provides a broad overview of research findings that are based on nationally representative studies. Collectively, this research finds: (1) older African Americans have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than younger African Americans; (2) family support is not protective of psychiatric disorders, whereas negative interaction with family members is a risk factor; (3) everyday discrimination is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders; (4) both older African Americans and African American across the adult age range have lower prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders than non-Latino whites; (5) Black Caribbean men have particularly high rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts; and (6) a significant proportion of African American older adults with mental health disorders do not receive professional help. This literature review also discusses the “Race Paradox” in mental health, the Environmental Affordances Model, and the importance of investigating ethnicity differences among Black Americans. Future research directions address issues that are directly relevant to the Black American population and include the following: (1) understanding the impact of mass incarceration on the psychiatric disorders of prisoners’ family members, (2) assessing the impact of immigration from African countries for ethnic diversity within the Black American population, (3) examining the impact of racial identity and racial socialization as potential protective factors for psychiatric morbidities, and (4) assessing racial diversity in life-course events and their impact on mental health.

Transcultural psychiatry

2019 ◽  
pp. 977-992
Author(s):  
David Semple ◽  
Roger Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Transcultural Psychiatry ◽  
Health It ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Cultural Concepts Of Distress ◽  
Culturally Influenced

This chapter covers transcultural psychiatry and culture-bound disorders. It covers culturally influenced variants of universal broad categories of mental disorder, to enable meaningful diagnostic formulation and development of appropriate treatment plans. Summarizing the recent developments in global mental health, it puts cultural context to the presentation of psychiatric disorders, and examples of common cultural concepts of distress are defined.

Keeping it together: Idioms of resilience and distress in Thai Buddhist mindlessness

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cassaniti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Psychiatric Nosology ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Idiom Of Distress ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Concepts Of Distress

Mindfulness is increasingly lauded as a mark of well-being around the world, but less often is its opposite, mindlessness, articulated in discussions of mental health. In Thailand, where people follow the kinds of Theravāda forms of Buddhism that have inspired today's global mindfulness movement, “mindlessness” is understood as a culturally salient mark of distress. In this article I address what mindlessness looks like for people in and around the Northern Thai city of Chiang Mai, where mindlessness can be thought of as ephemeral and passing as a fleeting forgetfulness that necessitates re-reading a page in a book, or as long lasting and powerful as a destabilizing condition to be treated in the in-patient ward of a psychiatric hospital. I emphasize local meanings and contexts of mindlessness, and their entanglement with broader discourses in the mindfulness movement, in order to point to mindlessness as a type of local and potentially international idiom of distress. I do this to argue for both the continued importance of cultural concepts of distress in our psychiatric nosology, and for further study into the slippages that can occur when local idioms like mindfulness go global.

scholarly journals AI-Based Prediction and Prevention of Psychological and Behavioral Changes in Ex-COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krešimir Ćosić ◽  
Siniša Popović ◽  
Marko Šarlija ◽  
Ivan Kesedžić ◽  
Mate Gambiraža ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Recovery Programs ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

The COVID-19 pandemic has adverse consequences on human psychology and behavior long after initial recovery from the virus. These COVID-19 health sequelae, if undetected and left untreated, may lead to more enduring mental health problems, and put vulnerable individuals at risk of developing more serious psychopathologies. Therefore, an early distinction of such vulnerable individuals from those who are more resilient is important to undertake timely preventive interventions. The main aim of this article is to present a comprehensive multimodal conceptual approach for addressing these potential psychological and behavioral mental health changes using state-of-the-art tools and means of artificial intelligence (AI). Mental health COVID-19 recovery programs at post-COVID clinics based on AI prediction and prevention strategies may significantly improve the global mental health of ex-COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 recovery programs currently involve specialists such as pulmonologists, cardiologists, and neurologists, but there is a lack of psychiatrist care. The focus of this article is on new tools which can enhance the current limited psychiatrist resources and capabilities in coping with the upcoming challenges related to widespread mental health disorders. Patients affected by COVID-19 are more vulnerable to psychological and behavioral changes than non-COVID populations and therefore they deserve careful clinical psychological screening in post-COVID clinics. However, despite significant advances in research, the pace of progress in prevention of psychiatric disorders in these patients is still insufficient. Current approaches for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders largely rely on clinical rating scales, as well as self-rating questionnaires that are inadequate for comprehensive assessment of ex-COVID-19 patients’ susceptibility to mental health deterioration. These limitations can presumably be overcome by applying state-of-the-art AI-based tools in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in acute phase of disease to prevent more chronic psychiatric consequences.

scholarly journals Anthropology, brokerage, and collaboration in the development of a Tongan public psychiatry: Local lessons for global mental health

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Poltorak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Transcultural Psychiatry ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Public Psychiatry ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

The Global Mental Health (GMH) movement has raised questions of the translatability of psychiatric concepts and the challenges of community engagement. In Tonga, the local psychiatrist Dr Puloka successfully established a publicly accessible psychiatry that has improved admission rates for serious mental illnesses and addressed some of the stigma attached to diagnosis. On the basis of historical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork with healers, doctors, and patients since 1998, this article offers an ethnographic contextualization of the development and reception of Puloka’s three key interventions during the 1990s: (a) collaboration with traditional healers; (b) translation of psychiatric diagnoses into local cultural concepts; and (c) encouraging freedom of movement and legal appeal to involuntary admission. Dr Puloka’s use of medical anthropological and transcultural psychiatry research informed a community-engaged brokerage between the implications of psychiatric nosologies and local needs that can address some of the challenges of the Global Mental Health movement.

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