Ecological Mechanism Controlling Growth of Escherichia Coli in Continuous Flow Cultures and in the Mouse Intestine

1964 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozawa ◽  
R. Freter
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Ecological Mechanism

scholarly journals Quantifying the interplay between rapid bacterial evolution within the mouse intestine and transmission between hosts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S. Vasquez ◽  
Lisa Willis ◽  
Nate Cira ◽  
Katharine M. Ng ◽  
Miguel F. Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Selection Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

SummaryDue to limitations on high-resolution strain tracking, selection dynamics during gut-microbiota colonization and transmission between hosts remain mostly mysterious. Here, we introduced hundreds of barcoded Escherichia coli strains into germ-free mice and quantified strain-level dynamics and metagenomic changes. Mutants involved in motility and utilization of abundant metabolites were reproducibly selected within days. Even with rapid selection, coprophagy enforced similar barcode distributions across co-housed mice. Whole-genome sequencing of hundreds of isolates quantified evolutionary dynamics and revealed linked alleles. A population-genetics model predicted substantial fitness advantages for certain mutants and that migration accounted for ~10% of the resident microbiota each day. Treatment with ciprofloxacin demonstrated the interplay between selection and transmission. While initial colonization was mostly uniform, in two mice a bottleneck reduced diversity and selected for ciprofloxacin resistance in the absence of drug. These findings highlight the interplay between environmental transmission and rapid, deterministic selection during evolution of the intestinal microbiota.

Immunoglobulins of various classes in the mouse intestine after oral contamination with Escherichia coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1295
Author(s):  
V. A. Dushkin ◽  
G. I. Podoprigora ◽  
M. M. Intizarov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Intestine

scholarly journals Role of Motility and the flhDC Operon in Escherichia coli MG1655 Colonization of the Mouse Intestine

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 3315-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Gauger ◽  
Mary P. Leatham ◽  
Regino Mercado-Lubo ◽  
David C. Laux ◽  
Tyrrell Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Flagellar Motor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Flagellum Biosynthesis ◽  
Colonizing Ability

ABSTRACT Previously, we reported that the mouse intestine selected mutants of Escherichia coli MG1655 that have improved colonizing ability (M. P. Leatham et al., Infect. Immun. 73:8039-8049, 2005). These mutants grew 10 to 20% faster than their parent in mouse cecal mucus in vitro and 15 to 30% faster on several sugars found in the mouse intestine. The mutants were nonmotile and had deletions of various lengths beginning immediately downstream of an IS1 element located within the regulatory region of the flhDC operon, which encodes the master regulator of flagellum biosynthesis, FlhD4C2. Here we show that during intestinal colonization by wild-type E. coli strain MG1655, 45 to 50% of the cells became nonmotile by day 3 after feeding of the strain to mice and between 80 and 90% of the cells were nonmotile by day 15 after feeding. Ten nonmotile mutants isolated from mice were sequenced, and all were found to have flhDC deletions of various lengths. Despite this strong selection, 10 to 20% of the E. coli MG1655 cells remained motile over a 15-day period, suggesting that there is an as-yet-undefined intestinal niche in which motility is an advantage. The deletions appear to be selected in the intestine for two reasons. First, genes unrelated to motility that are normally either directly or indirectly repressed by FlhD4C2 but can contribute to maximum colonizing ability are released from repression. Second, energy normally used to synthesize flagella and turn the flagellar motor is redirected to growth.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Respiration of Escherichia coli in the Mouse Intestine

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 4218-4226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari A. Jones ◽  
Terri Gibson ◽  
Rosalie C. Maltby ◽  
Fatema Z. Chowdhury ◽  
Valley Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Treated Mouse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Facultative Anaerobes ◽  
Mouse Intestine

ABSTRACTThe intestine is inhabited by a large microbial community consisting primarily of anaerobes and, to a lesser extent, facultative anaerobes, such asEscherichia coli, which we have shown requires aerobic respiration to compete successfully in the mouse intestine (S. A. Jones et al., Infect. Immun. 75:4891-4899, 2007). If facultative anaerobes efficiently lower oxygen availability in the intestine, then their sustained growth must also depend on anaerobic metabolism. In support of this idea, mutants lacking nitrate reductase or fumarate reductase have extreme colonization defects. Here, we further explore the role of anaerobic respiration in colonization using the streptomycin-treated mouse model. We found that respiratory electron flow is primarily via the naphthoquinones, which pass electrons to cytochromebdoxidase and the anaerobic terminal reductases. We found thatE. coliuses nitrate and fumarate in the intestine, but not nitrite, dimethyl sulfoxide, or trimethylamineN-oxide. Competitive colonizations revealed that cytochromebdoxidase is more advantageous than nitrate reductase or fumarate reductase. Strains lacking nitrate reductase outcompeted fumarate reductase mutants once the nitrate concentration in cecal mucus reached submillimolar levels, indicating that fumarate is the more important anaerobic electron acceptor in the intestine because nitrate is limiting. Since nitrate is highest in the absence ofE. coli, we conclude thatE. coliis the only bacterium in the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine that respires nitrate. Lastly, we demonstrated that a mutant lacking the NarXL regulator (activator of the NarG system), but not a mutant lacking the NarP-NarQ regulator, has a colonization defect, consistent with the advantage provided by NarG. The emerging picture is one in which gene regulation is tuned to balance expression of the terminal reductases thatE. coliuses to maximize its competitiveness and achieve the highest possible population in the intestine.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Pathotypes Occupy Distinct Niches in the Mouse Intestine

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Meador ◽  
Matthew E. Caldwell ◽  
Paul S. Cohen ◽  
Tyrrell Conway
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Treated Mouse ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Mouse Intestine

ABSTRACTSince the first step of the infection process is colonization of the host, it is important to understand howEscherichia colipathogens successfully colonize the intestine. We previously showed that enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 strainE. coliEDL933 colonizes a niche in the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine that is distinct from that of human commensal strains, which explains howE. coliEDL933 overcomes colonization resistance imparted by some, but not all, commensalE. colistrains. Here we sought to determine if otherE. colipathogens use a similar strategy. We found that uropathogenicE. coliCFT073 and enteropathogenicE. coliE2348/69 occupy intestinal niches that are distinct from that ofE. coliEDL933. In contrast, two enterohemorrhagic strains,E. coliEDL933 andE. coliSakai, occupy the same niche, suggesting that strategies to prevent colonization by a given pathotype should be effective against other strains of the same pathotype. However, we found that a combination of commensalE. colistrains that can prevent colonization byE. coliEDL933 did not prevent colonization byE. coliCFT073 orE. coliE2348/69. Our results indicate that development of probiotics to target multipleE. colipathotypes will be problematic, as the factors that govern niche occupation and hence stable colonization vary significantly among strains.

scholarly journals COLONIZATION OF THE MOUSE INTESTINE WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI

1965 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Mushin ◽  
Rene Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Enteropathogenic Strain ◽  
Mouse Intestine

Young albino Swiss mice, of the NCS and NCS-D colonies, proved highly susceptible to the establishment of intestinal infection with an enteropathogenic strain of E. coli administered per os or by stomach tube. The period of highest susceptibility was rather short, extending from the day of birth to approximately 2 weeks of age. Adult NCS and NCS-D mice failed to become experimentally colonized with E. coli, even when large doses were administered per os on 3 consecutive days. The extent of colonization of the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract was related to the size of the infective dose. Many of the young mice died within 2 to 3 days following per os infection with large doses of enteropathogenic E. coli. However, practically all the animals which survived cleared their intestinal infection at approximately the same age. For example, in mice infected with 23 x 106 bacteria, colonization of the intestinal tract usually came to an abrupt end when the animals were 24 to 28 days old, irrespective of the age at which they had been infected. There is suggestive evidence that the acquisition of resistance with age, and the ability of adult animals to control the intestinal infection, are related to the development in the gastrointestinal tract of a microbiota which is antagonistic to E. coli.

scholarly journals Virulent Bacteriophages Can Target O104:H4 Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in the Mouse Intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6235-6242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Maura ◽  
Matthieu Galtier ◽  
Chantal Le Bouguénec ◽  
Laurent Debarbieux
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Colonization Model ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTIn vivobacteriophage targeting of enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) was assessed using a mouse intestinal model of colonization with the O104:H4 55989Str strain and a cocktail of three virulent bacteriophages. The colonization model was shown to mimic asymptomatic intestinal carriage found in humans. The addition of the cocktail to drinking water for 24 h strongly decreased ileal and weakly decreased fecal 55989Str concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. These decreases in ileal and fecal bacterial concentrations were only transient, since 55989Str concentrations returned to their original levels 3 days later. These transient decreases were independent of the mouse microbiota, as similar results were obtained with axenic mice. We studied the infectivity of each bacteriophage in the ileal and fecal environments and found that 55989Str bacteria in the mouse ileum were permissive to all three bacteriophages, whereas those in the feces were permissive to only one bacteriophage. Our results provide the first demonstration that bacterial permissivity to infection with virulent bacteriophages is not uniform throughout the gut; this highlights the need for a detailed characterization of the interactions between bacteria and bacteriophagesin vivofor the further development of phage therapy targeting intestinal pathogens found in the gut of asymptomatic human carriers.

scholarly journals Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis as a Tool To Determine Batch Similarity of Probiotic Cultures of Porcine Cecal Bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 5241-5243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hume ◽  
Charles M. Scanlan ◽  
Roger B. Harvey ◽  
Kathleen Andrews ◽  
James D. Snodgrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Indirect Indication

ABSTRACT A continuous-flow porcine cecal bacterial culture has been used experimentally as treatment against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weanling pigs. Periodically, the cultures must be started from frozen stock. Our results indicate that denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis can be applied as an indirect indication of culture similarity for each new batch generated from frozen stock.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document