Antibody Responses of Human Infants to Three Doses of Group A Neisseria meningitidis Polysaccharide Vaccine Administered at Two, Four, and Six Months of Age

The antibody responses to toxoids were measured to investigate whether Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids induced protective humoral immune responses in buffalos. Total of 24 buffalos were divided into 4 groups (n = 6), beta toxoid, epsilon toxoid, combination and control groups. These buffalo groups were administered each of the designated toxoids. Immunizations in the beta and epsilon toxoid groups induced strong antibody responses. The neutralizing antibody titres from the beta and epsilon toxoid groups were equally log101.2 on day 21 after inoculation whereas there was no antibody titre detected from the control group. A statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in antibody titre was observed from day 0 to day 14 and 21 after inoculation. The antibody production did not vary significantly due to day of inoculation and toxoid interactions.

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Correction for Robbins et al., Capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Group B Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli K1, and Pasteurella haemolytica A2

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1200420109 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (7) ◽

pp. 2684-2684

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Pasteurella Haemolytica ◽

Group B ◽

Escherichia Coli K1

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Responses of Children Immunized with Capsular Polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae Type b, by David H. Smith, MD, et al,Pediatrics, 1973;52:637–644; and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children: A Double-blind Field Study of 100 000 Vaccinees 3 Months to 5 Years of Age in Finland, by Heikki Peltola, MD et al,Pediatrics, 1977;60:730–737

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.102.s1.252 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 252-254

Author(s):

Georges Peter

Keyword(s):

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Antibody Concentration ◽

Antigen Binding ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Type B ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Group A

One hundred forty-one children of 5 to 59 months of age were immunized with a single intramuscular dose of 0.67, 3.3, 17, or 67 μg polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular antigen ofHemophilus influenzae, type b. The immunizations were well tolerated, particularly at doses of .67 to 17 μg. Antibody activity was measured by radioactive antigen binding, using3H-labelled PRP. Doses of 3.3 and 17 μg produced significant antibody rises in nearly 90% of recipients; 0.67 and 67 μg in approximately half. The geometric mean titers were similar at three and six weeks after immunization and were greater with the middle doses. The net antibody increase in responding children was strongly age dependent, but was not related to the preimmunization antibody concentration. Rises in serum bactericidal activity against H. influenzae type b generally accompanied rises in antibody concentration as measured by the antigen-binding assay. A recently developed Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given to 48 977 children 3 months to 5 years of age; an equal number of children receiving group A meningococcal vaccine served as controls. The protection as well as serum antibody response was strongly age dependent. Among children who had received the H. influenzae type b vaccine when 18 months of age or older, there were no cases of bacteremic disease caused by H. influenzaetype b in the first year after vaccination. At the same time 11 such cases were seen in the control group of the same age, a highly significant difference. In the second year after vaccination two cases occurred in the H. influenzae type b-vaccinated group, five in the meningococcal-group A vaccinated group. No protection was seen among children who had been younger than 18 months when vaccinated, even if they received a booster dose of the vaccine. The serum antibody response to the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, measured by radioimmunoassay, was poor in children below 18 months of age and good in those above it. No effect of the vaccine could be seen on the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b, which was approximately 6% in this age group. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild.

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Evaluation of Two Tetravalent (ACYW135) Meningococcal Vaccines in Infants and Small Children: A Clinical Study Comparing Immunogenicity of O-Acetyl-Negative and O-Acetyl-Positive Group C Polysaccharides

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.76.1.91 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96

Author(s):

Heikki Peltola ◽

Assad Safary ◽

Helena Käyhty ◽

Viena Karanko ◽

Francis E. André

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Meningococcal Vaccine ◽

Small Children ◽

Positive Group ◽

Systemic Reactions ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Group A

Two different tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines against group A, C, Y, and W135 meningococci were given to 118 infants aged 6 to 23 months; the same vaccines were administered in a second dose 12 months later to those infants aged 6 to 11 months at first vaccination. Forty of the infants received vaccine containing the nonacetylated group C polysaccharide C(OAc-) and 78 the acetylated group C polysaccharide C(OAc+) together with group A, Y, and W135 polysaccharides. All polysaccharides, at a dose of 30 µg, induced antibody responses after administration of both vaccines in all age groups although the responses were better in the older infants. Acetylation of the sialic acid of the group C polysaccharide did not significantly influence the response. Rapid decreases in the antibody titers after the first vaccination stressed the need for one or more revaccinations. Vaccination elicited mild local and systemic reactions. Elevated temperatures were more common in the youngest infants but only four developed fever exceeding 38.5°C (101.3°F). We conclude that tetravalent (ACYW135) meningococcal vaccine is safe and immunologically effective in children younger than age 2 years. However, revaccinations may be required to maintain immunity.

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