scholarly journals Detection of Acute HIV Infection: A Field Evaluation of the Determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora E. Rosenberg ◽  
Gift Kamanga ◽  
Sam Phiri ◽  
Dominic Nsona ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Decreased Seroreactivity in Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Manak ◽  
Linda L. Jagodzinski ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Jennifer A. Malia ◽  
Mike Leos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTAntiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) interrupts viral dynamics and may delay the emergence of serological markers targeted by current HIV screening and confirmatory assays, thus creating challenges for correctly classifying HIV infection status. The performance of three HIV antigen/antibody combination (HIV Ag/Ab Combo) assays (the Bio-Rad GS, Abbott Architect, and Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 assays) was evaluated with samples collected from RV254/South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV 010 (RV254/SEARCH010) study (Bangkok, Thailand) participants at weeks 12 and 24 following the initiation of ART at Fiebig stage I (FI) (n = 23), FII (n = 39), or FIII/IV (n = 22). Supplemental, confirmatory testing was performed by the Geenius HIV 1/2 and HIV-1 Western blot assays (Bio-Rad). Samples from 30 untreated, HIV-1-infected individuals demonstrated robust HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay reactivity with well-developed HIV-1 Western blotting profiles by 24 weeks after infection. In contrast, 52.2% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FI, 7.7% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FII, and 4.5% of samples from individuals initiating ART at FIII/IV were nonreactive by the HIV Ag/Ab Combo assays, with 36.4 to 39.1% of samples having low signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) results by the Architect and BioPlex assays (S/CO < 10). Seroreversion from a reactive to a nonreactive status was observed in 10 individuals initiating ART at FII and 3 individuals initiating ART at FIII/IV. The Geenius and HIV-1 Western blot assay results were negative or indeterminate for 73.9% and 69.6% of individuals, respectively, treated at FI; 50.0% and 26.3% of individuals, respectively, treated at FII; and 54.5% and 40.9% of individuals, respectively, treated at FIII/IV. Virologic suppression of HIV-1 by ART during AHI impedes seroconversion to biomarkers of infection, limiting the utility of HIV Ag/Ab Combo and supplemental, confirmatory assays for infection status determination.

scholarly journals HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Wentzel Dowling ◽  
Kirsten Veldsman ◽  
Mary Grace Katusiime ◽  
Jean Maritz ◽  
Peter Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals 83The Performance of Quantitative HIV-1 RNA Testing (Viral Load) to Diagnose Acute HIV Infection in the New HIV Laboratory Testing Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S5-S5
Author(s):  
Hsiu Wu ◽  
Stephanie Cohen ◽  
Emily Westheimer ◽  
Cindy Gay ◽  
Laura Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
Hiv 1

Diagnosing acute HIV infection: The performance of quantitative HIV-1 RNA testing (viral load) in the 2014 laboratory testing algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu Wu ◽  
Stephanie E. Cohen ◽  
Emily Westheimer ◽  
Cynthia L. Gay ◽  
Laura Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals 897. Trends and Correlation of HIV-1 Reservoir in Acute HIV Infection and Chronic HIV Infection in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S539-S540
Author(s):  
Shuang peng ◽  
Ming wang
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Background Among acute HIV infection （AHI）and chronic HIV infection（CHI）,the association of HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 RNA is currently a hot spot of concern. We studied HIV-1 DNA levels in patients with AHI and CHI before initiation of ART to explore the growth characteristics of the HIV reservoir. Methods From 2016/10/31 to 2020/11/23, 97 patients were enrolled in the first hospital of Changsha in China. According to the patient’s epidemiological history, HIV-1 antibody conversion time, presence of opportunistic infection（OI）, to determine whether the patients were in the acute or chronic infection period, and divided into two arms: AHI and CHI. Lleukomonocyte, HIV-1 RNA, and CD4/8 of all patients were collected. The HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) was detected by PCR-Fluorescence Probing. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0. P-value &lt; 0.05 were statistically significant. Results 93 of 97 were male and 85 of 97 with sexual transmission. In AHI arm, the mean of HIV-1 RNA was 5.15 log10 copies/ml, and the mean of HIV-1 DNA was 2.83 log10 copies/106 PBMCs. In CHI Arm, the mean value of HIV-1 RNA was 4.90 log10 copies/ml, and the mean value of HIV-1 DNA was 3.19 log copies/106 PBMCs. The HIV-1 DNA of CHI group was higher than that of AHI group (p = 0.002) , but the HIV-1 RNA of CHI group was lower than that of AHI Group (p = 0.183) . There were no significant differences between AHI and CHI in age, sex, body weight, route of infection, ART, other viral infection, leukomonocyte, CD4+ T cell count, CD4+ T cell percentage, CD8+ T cell count, CD8+ T cell percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio (P &gt; 0.05).In Group AHI, HIV-1 DNA was positively correlated with HIV-1 RNA (r = 0.548, p &lt; 0.001), but not in Group CHI (r = 0.14, p = 0.347). Conclusion Patients with AHI have lower HIV-1 DNA levels and smaller viral reservoir than those with CHI. These data have illustrates the benefits of rapid treatment. The correlation between HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 RNA in patients with acute infection is strong,the level of HIV-1 DNA increased with the increase of HIV-1 RNA level, but was not related to CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals HIV-1 Persistence and Chronic Induction of Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Akiyama ◽  
Suryaram Gummuluru
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic inflammation, which plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Acute HIV infection induces robust inflammatory responses, which are insufficient to prevent or eliminate virus in mucosal tissues. While establishment of viral set-point is coincident with downregulation of acute innate responses, systemic inflammatory responses persist during the course of chronic HIV infection. Since the introduction of combination antiviral therapy (cART), most HIV-1+ individuals can suppress viremia under detection levels for decades. However, chronic immune activation persists and has been postulated to cause HIV associated non-AIDS complications (HANA). Importantly, inflammatory cytokines and activation markers associated with macrophages are strongly and selectively correlated with the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), cardiovascular dysfunctions (CVD) and other HANA conditions. In this review, we discuss the roles of macrophages in facilitating viral persistence and contributing to generation of persistent inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Abrupt and altered cell-type specific DNA methylation profiles in blood during acute HIV infection persists despite prompt initiation of ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. e1009785
Author(s):  
Michael J. Corley ◽  
Carlo Sacdalan ◽  
Alina PS Pang ◽  
Nitiya Chomchey ◽  
Nisakorn Ratnaratorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Epigenetic Signatures ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 disrupts the host epigenetic landscape with consequences for disease pathogenesis, viral persistence, and HIV-associated comorbidities. Here, we examined how soon after infection HIV-associated epigenetic changes may occur in blood and whether early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) impacts epigenetic modifications. We profiled longitudinal genome-wide DNA methylation in monocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes from 22 participants in the RV254/SEARCH010 acute HIV infection (AHI) cohort that diagnoses infection within weeks after estimated exposure and immediately initiates ART. We identified monocytes harbored 22,697 differentially methylated CpGs associated with AHI compared to 294 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. ART minimally restored less than 1% of these changes in monocytes and had no effect upon T cells. Monocyte DNA methylation patterns associated with viral load, CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and longitudinal clinical phenotypes. Our findings suggest HIV-1 rapidly embeds an epigenetic memory not mitigated by ART and support determining epigenetic signatures in precision HIV medicine. Trial Registration: NCT00782808.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory characterictic of acute HIV-infection in adult residents of Novosibirsk region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Ya. S. Ulyanova ◽  
N. M. Gashnikova ◽  
V. V. Ivlev ◽  
E. I. Krasnova ◽  
N. I. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy.

scholarly journals HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Wentzel Dowling ◽  
Kirsten Veldsman ◽  
Mary G. Katusiime ◽  
Jean Maritz ◽  
Peter Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Objectives:Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests, routinely used for diagnosis in adults and older children in resource-limited settings (RLS), do not detect early HIV infections prior to seroconversion or when antibody levels are still low. Nucleic acid amplification to detect HIV-1 RNA is the most sensitive method for acute HIV infection diagnosis, but is costly. We therefore investigated HIV- 1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots (DBS) to diagnose acute HIV infection.Design:Laboratory-based investigation.Methods:DBS were collected from HIV-1 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (HVCT) clients who tested negative on the Advanced QualityTM HIV antibody rapid test. DBS samples from five participants were pooled and tested on the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 (CAP/CTM) Test v2. Individual DBS were tested when pools tested positive ( 200 RNA copies/ml). Acute infection was confirmed by HIV viral load testing, two fourth-generation HIV serological assays, and Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Assay for antibody band identification.Results:Of 482 participants who were tested, one (0.2%) had acute. HIV infection: Fourth generation serology was low-level positive, the plasma HIV viral load was 15 929 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, gp160 and gp41 antibody bands were positive and the p31 band was negative, indicating a Fiebig Stage 5 infection.Conclusions: Pooled DBS HIV-1 RNA testing is efficient compared to individual testing for acute HIV infection diagnosis. Early identification of participants with acute HIV infection facilitates immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy to improve immune recovery and prevent transmission to others.

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