897. Trends and Correlation of HIV-1 Reservoir in Acute HIV Infection and Chronic HIV Infection in China

Abstract Background Among acute HIV infection （AHI）and chronic HIV infection（CHI）,the association of HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 RNA is currently a hot spot of concern. We studied HIV-1 DNA levels in patients with AHI and CHI before initiation of ART to explore the growth characteristics of the HIV reservoir. Methods From 2016/10/31 to 2020/11/23, 97 patients were enrolled in the first hospital of Changsha in China. According to the patient’s epidemiological history, HIV-1 antibody conversion time, presence of opportunistic infection（OI）, to determine whether the patients were in the acute or chronic infection period, and divided into two arms: AHI and CHI. Lleukomonocyte, HIV-1 RNA, and CD4/8 of all patients were collected. The HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) was detected by PCR-Fluorescence Probing. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0. P-value < 0.05 were statistically significant. Results 93 of 97 were male and 85 of 97 with sexual transmission. In AHI arm, the mean of HIV-1 RNA was 5.15 log10 copies/ml, and the mean of HIV-1 DNA was 2.83 log10 copies/106 PBMCs. In CHI Arm, the mean value of HIV-1 RNA was 4.90 log10 copies/ml, and the mean value of HIV-1 DNA was 3.19 log copies/106 PBMCs. The HIV-1 DNA of CHI group was higher than that of AHI group (p = 0.002) , but the HIV-1 RNA of CHI group was lower than that of AHI Group (p = 0.183) . There were no significant differences between AHI and CHI in age, sex, body weight, route of infection, ART, other viral infection, leukomonocyte, CD4+ T cell count, CD4+ T cell percentage, CD8+ T cell count, CD8+ T cell percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio (P > 0.05).In Group AHI, HIV-1 DNA was positively correlated with HIV-1 RNA (r = 0.548, p < 0.001), but not in Group CHI (r = 0.14, p = 0.347). Conclusion Patients with AHI have lower HIV-1 DNA levels and smaller viral reservoir than those with CHI. These data have illustrates the benefits of rapid treatment. The correlation between HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 RNA in patients with acute infection is strong,the level of HIV-1 DNA increased with the increase of HIV-1 RNA level, but was not related to CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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HIV-Specific Cytolytic CD4 T Cell Responses During Acute HIV Infection Predict Disease Outcome

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.3003165 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (123) ◽

pp. 123ra25-123ra25 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

D. Z. Soghoian ◽

H. Jessen ◽

M. Flanders ◽

K. Sierra-Davidson ◽

S. Cutler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Disease Outcome ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Acute Hiv

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TRAILshort Protects against CD4 T Cell Death during Acute HIV Infection

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1900271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 203 (3) ◽

pp. 718-724

Author(s):

Sekar Natesampillai ◽

Ana C. Paim ◽

Nathan W. Cummins ◽

Aswath P. Chandrasekar ◽

Gary D. Bren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of HIV-specific cytolytic CD4 T cell responses during acute HIV infection predict disease outcome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.716147813.791552821 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Jay Rappaport

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Disease Outcome ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Acute Hiv

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HIV-1 Persistence and Chronic Induction of Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12070711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 711 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hisashi Akiyama ◽

Suryaram Gummuluru

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Activation Markers ◽

Mucosal Tissues ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Chronic Hiv Infection

A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic inflammation, which plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Acute HIV infection induces robust inflammatory responses, which are insufficient to prevent or eliminate virus in mucosal tissues. While establishment of viral set-point is coincident with downregulation of acute innate responses, systemic inflammatory responses persist during the course of chronic HIV infection. Since the introduction of combination antiviral therapy (cART), most HIV-1+ individuals can suppress viremia under detection levels for decades. However, chronic immune activation persists and has been postulated to cause HIV associated non-AIDS complications (HANA). Importantly, inflammatory cytokines and activation markers associated with macrophages are strongly and selectively correlated with the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), cardiovascular dysfunctions (CVD) and other HANA conditions. In this review, we discuss the roles of macrophages in facilitating viral persistence and contributing to generation of persistent inflammatory responses.

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Induction of Gag-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses during Acute HIV Infection Is Associated with Improved Viral Control

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00728-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 88 (13) ◽

pp. 7357-7366 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Schieffer ◽

H. K. Jessen ◽

A. F. Oster ◽

F. Pissani ◽

D. Z. Soghoian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Viral Control ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Acute Hiv

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Central memory CD4+ T cell responses in chronic HIV infection are not restored by antiretroviral therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020334.233434 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Luis J Montaner

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Central Memory ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Chronic Hiv Infection

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CD4+ T cell count, HIV-1 viral loads and demographic variables of newly identified patients with HIV infection in Wuhan, China

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.23627 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (10) ◽

pp. 1687-1691 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Man-Qing Liu ◽

Li Tang ◽

Wen-Hua Kong ◽

Ze-Rong Zhu ◽

Jin-Song Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Count ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Viral Dynamics of Acute HIV-1 Infection

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.190.6.841 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 190 (6) ◽

pp. 841-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Susan J. Little ◽

Angela R. McLean ◽

Celsa A. Spina ◽

Douglas D. Richman ◽

Diane V. Havlir

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Doubling Time ◽

Basic Reproductive Number ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Target Cells ◽

Viral Dynamics ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

The Mean

Viral dynamics were intensively investigated in eight patients with acute HIV infection to define the earliest rates of change in plasma HIV RNA before and after the start of antiretroviral therapy. We report the first estimates of the basic reproductive number (R0), the number of cells infected by the progeny of an infected cell during its lifetime when target cells are not depleted. The mean initial viral doubling time was 10 h, and the peak of viremia occurred 21 d after reported HIV exposure. The spontaneous rate of decline (α) was highly variable among individuals. The phase 1 viral decay rate (δI = 0.3/day) in subjects initiating potent antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection was similar to estimates from treated subjects with chronic HIV infection. The doubling time in two subjects who discontinued antiretroviral therapy was almost five times slower than during acute infection. The mean basic reproductive number (R0) of 19.3 during the logarithmic growth phase of primary HIV infection suggested that a vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis of at least 95% efficacy would be needed to extinguish productive viral infection in the absence of drug resistance or viral latency. These measurements provide a basis for comparison of vaccine and other strategies and support the validity of the simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model of acute HIV infection.

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