Role of the Interleukin 10 Family of Cytokines in Patients With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With HIV Infection and Tuberculosis

Due to the lack of therapeutic options for patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-associated IRIS), maraviroc has generated expectations among the medical community. However, we report a patient with advanced HIV infection, who developed PML-associated IRIS and had a fatal outcome despite the addition of maraviroc to suppressive ART. Future studies are required to define the therapeutic role of maraviroc in PML-associated IRIS and differentiate individuals who may benefit from maraviroc from those who may develop neurological deterioration.

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Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a female patient with HIV infection

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-241037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. e241037

Author(s):

Jacqueline Alexandra Bachofner ◽

Kristian Ikenberg ◽

Bettina Schulthess ◽

Johannes Nemeth

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Avium Infection ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Mycobacterium Simiae ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Infection ◽

Standard Treatment Regimen

This case study discusses the management of a disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a 52-year-old woman with HIV infection. Disseminated M. avium infections have extensively been described in HIV patients; however, reports of infections with M. simiae are rare. Treatment of M. simiae infections is challenging due to its high rates of natural drug resistances, and thus far, no standard treatment regimen exists.

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Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000000142 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 499-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ruth Link-Gelles ◽

Harry Moultrie ◽

Shobna Sawry ◽

David Murdoch ◽

Annelies Van Rie

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome

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Cardiovascular Biomarker Profile on Antiretroviral Therapy Is Not Influenced by History of an IRIS Event in People With HIV and Suppressed Viremia

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aurelie Gouel-Cheron ◽

Martha Nason ◽

Adam Rupert ◽

Virginia Sheikh ◽

Greg Robby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Art Initiation ◽

History Of ◽

Cardiovascular Biomarker ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is characterized by release of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue inflammation occurring early after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. The role of previous IRIS events in persistent chronic inflammation in people with HIV is currently unclear. In this retrospective analysis of 143 participants who maintained suppression of HIV viremia, we compared biomarkers related to inflammation, coagulation, and cardiovascular risk after 3 years on ART in participants with and without a history of IRIS. There was no evidence of higher levels of persistent chronic inflammation in people with HIV who had a history of an IRIS event. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier . NCT00286767.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with secondary syphilis: dermatologic, neurologic and ophthalmologic compromise in an HIV patient

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418813045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 509-511

Author(s):

Sami Alcedo ◽

Renee Newby ◽

Juan José Montenegro ◽

Paola Rondan ◽

Jorge Arevalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Secondary Syphilis ◽

Immune Reconstitution Syndrome ◽

Clinical Expression ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome

The presentation of syphilis as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare and can be associated with the varied clinical expression of unusual syphilitic manifestations. We report a case of immune reconstitution syndrome with dermatologic, ophthalmologic and neurologic compromise of secondary syphilis in a patient with HIV infection.

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CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF USE OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN PARADOXICAL TUBERCULOSIS-IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Pramod Kumar A ◽

Parthasarathi G ◽

Mothi Sn ◽

Sudheer Ap ◽

Vht Swamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Common Condition ◽

Time Duration ◽

South Indian ◽

Definite Improvement ◽

The Mean ◽

Inflammatory Syndrome

Objective: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory reaction in HIV-infected patients after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulting from restored immunity to specific infectious or non-infectious antigens. The most common condition where IRIS has been reported is tuberculosis (TB). Various mechanisms have been proposed and studied to account for the immune regulatory role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study is done to identify clinical outcome in HIV-TB patients with IRIS after given with HCQ.Methods: An uncontrolled longitudinal study was conducted among HIV-infected patients with TB initiated on ART and developed IRIS between July 2013 and June 2015 in a South Indian HIV care hospital.Results: A total of 40 patients have developed IRIS with mean age of 35.87 years and 77.5 % of them were males. At the time of IRIS occurrence, the mean body mass index was found to be 19.17 kg/m2 and CD4 count was 200 cells/mm3. The time duration took to get improvement in majority of the patients was 4–12 weeks.Conclusion: There was definite improvement seen in patients who received HCQ in TB-IRIS condition.

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