scholarly journals Human Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in the Common Marmoset

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 1807-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Linlin Bao ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Tingting Zou ◽  
Ying Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antibody Inhibition

scholarly journals Comparison of experimental MERS-CoV infection acquired by three individual routes of infection in the common marmoset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nelson ◽  
Lyn M. O’Brien ◽  
Carwyn Davies ◽  
Emma Keyser ◽  
Wendy Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
The Common

Two strains of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), England -1 and EMC/2012, were used to challenge common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) by three routes of infection, aerosol, oral and intra-nasal. Animals challenged by the intra-nasal and aerosol routes presented with a mild, transient disease, while those challenged by the oral route presented with a subclinical immunological response. Animals challenged with MERS-CoV strain EMC/2012 by the aerosol route responded with primary and/or secondary pyrexia. Marmosets had minimal to mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia, with the greatest relative severity observed in animals challenged by the aerosol route. Viable virus was isolated from the host in throat swabs and lung tissue. The transient disease described is consistent with a successful host response and was characterised by upregulation of macrophage and neutrophil function observed in all animals at the time of euthanasia. Importance Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is caused by a human Coronavirus, MERS-CoV, similar to SARS-CoV-2. Humans typically exhibit with a fever, cough, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal issues and breathing difficulties which can lead to pneumonia and/or renal complications. This emerging disease resulted in the first human lethal cases in 2012 and has a case fatality rate of approximately 36%. Consequently, there is a need for medical countermeasures and appropriate animal models for their assessment. This work has demonstrated the requirement for higher concentrations of virus to cause overt disease. Challenge by the aerosol, intra-nasal and oral route resulted in no or mild disease, but all animals had an immunological response. This shows that an appropriate early immunological response is able to control the disease.

Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review. This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references. Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction

Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review. This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references. Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction

Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review. This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references. Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction

Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review. This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references. Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction

Coronaviruses: HCoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viral pathogens that infect mammals and birds. The presentation in humans is typically that of a mild upper respiratory tract infection, similar to the common cold. However, in recent years, dramatic attention has arisen for more lethal members of this viral family (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS-CoV], Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS-CoV], and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these viruses are discussed in this review. Importantly, new guideline tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the World Health Organization are provided at the conclusion of the review. This review contains 12 tables, 3 figure and 48 references. Keywords: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19, respiratory infection, antiviral, real-time polymerase chain reaction

scholarly journals An Overview: Coronaviruses in Recent Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadan ◽  
◽  
Alaa Mohammed ◽  
Rasha Raheem ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

Coronaviruses are an association of viruses which lead sicknesses in mammals and birds. The Common symptoms that affect humans are respiratory tract infections, fever, headache, etc.In this review, we highlight the development in coronaviruses in recent two decade, which include simpleacute respiratory syndrome (2002-2003), middle east respiratory syndrome (2012) and coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-2020).

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mahmoud Shehata ◽  
Rabeh El Shesheny ◽  
Abdallah M. Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
State Of The Science

Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause disease outbreaks ranging from the common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. Since 2003, three zoonotic members of this family evolved to cross species barriers infecting humans and resulting in relatively high case fatality rates (CFR). Compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, CFR = 10%) and pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CFR = 6%), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has scored the highest CFR (approximately 35%). In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities.

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