scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mahmoud Shehata ◽  
Rabeh El Shesheny ◽  
Abdallah M. Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
State Of The Science

Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause disease outbreaks ranging from the common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. Since 2003, three zoonotic members of this family evolved to cross species barriers infecting humans and resulting in relatively high case fatality rates (CFR). Compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, CFR = 10%) and pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CFR = 6%), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has scored the highest CFR (approximately 35%). In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities.

scholarly journals Extension and Advisory Services during Lockdown due to COVID-19: Efforts by KVK in Barmer District of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Pagaria ◽  
L. R. Choudhary ◽  
Haridayal Choudhary ◽  
Ganga Ram ◽  
Turfan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China on 31 December, 2019. Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that causes illness. It ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The novel coronavirus is a new strain of virus that has not been identified in human so far.

scholarly journals Some Findings on Genes over SARS-CoV2 Genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sk Sarif Hassan ◽  
Atanu Moitra ◽  
Pabitra Pal Choudhury ◽  
Prasanta Pramanik ◽  
Siddhartha Jana
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Common

Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses which cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. This article highlights some key findings based on a thorough scanning of genes of 470 SARS-CoV2 genomes, including the co-presence of ORF7a and ORF8 over the 251 SARS-CoV2 genomes and the absence of the gene ORF7b over the 219 SARS-CoV2 genomes collected from various countries including India.

scholarly journals Some Findings on Genes over SARS-CoV2 Genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sk Sarif Hassan ◽  
Atanu Moitra ◽  
Pabitra Pal Choudhury ◽  
Prasanta Pramanik ◽  
Siddhartha Sankar Jana
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Common

Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses which cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. This article highlights some key findings based on a thorough scanning of genes of 475 SARS-CoV2 genomes, including the co-presence of ORF7a and ORF8 over the 256 SARS-CoV2 genomes and the absence of the gene ORF7b over the 219 SARS-CoV2 genomes collected from various countries including India. The presence of the gene ORF7b is found in the SARS-CoV2 genomes containing the L-type strain which is reported to having much higher virulence as compared to the S-type strain.

scholarly journals Covid-19: The Wuhan Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Tooba Masood
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

Coronavirus belongs to a large family of viruses that usually cause respiratory illness in human beings that can be mild and severe depending upon the strain. In 2002, the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) reported more than 8000 infected cases with 774 mortalities. In 2012, the outbreak of MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) infected around 2494 people and 858 deaths were reported according to the WHO. In January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus named 2019-nCoV has been identified in China. The number of confirmed cases has been increasing reaching 5,593,631 cases worldwide with 353,334 deaths up till 28th May 2020 according to WHO situation report-129. Concerned authorities are working on minimizing its spread. Prevention guidelines have been released by WHO, hoping to control the transmission and save the world from the effects of this novel virus.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Yun-Kuan Thye ◽  
Priyia Pusparajah ◽  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Manifestations ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Respiratory Cells ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Common

The virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus. This genus also includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The common symptoms of COVID-19 infection are fever and respiratory symptoms, but it can also involve the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), resulting in manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. The emergence of COVID-19 led to public health emphasis on droplet transmission and precautions of contact with respiratory secretions. However, mounting evidence demonstrates detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool samples of COVID-19 patients. It has also been demonstrated that the host receptor angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is highly expressed not just in respiratory cells but also in gastrointestinal sites involving the glandular cells of gastric, duodenal, and rectal epithelium. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the digestive system, serving as another route of transmission. This review aims to study the prevalence of some of the gastrointestinal manifestations following COVID-19 infection and findings of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens while making parallels to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection. We will also discuss the possible pathophysiology of COVID-19 related gastrointestinal involvement.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ◽  
Ziad A. Memish
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases continue to be of a significant importance worldwide with the potential to cause major outbreaks and global pandemics. In 2002, the world had witnessed the appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in China which disappeared abruptly within 6 months. About a decade later, a new and emerging novel coronavirus named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was described in a patient from Saudi Arabia. These two coronaviruses shared multiple similarities in the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and posed challenges in its prevention and management. Seven years since its discovery, MERS-CoV continues to be a lethal zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe pneumonia with high case fatality rates and the ability to cause large health care-associated outbreaks.

scholarly journals The coronavirus family neurological effects: A literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Alahmari
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurological Effects

All the lethal coronaviruses like the middle east respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or the new coronavirus have showed similar and non-similar effects on the central nerves system. The aim of this paper is to summarize the published findings as neurological effects of the most dangerous three viruses in the coronavirus family and to find the common neuropathological patterns among the three viruses. Keywords: Brain; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; Neurological effect; Coronavirus

scholarly journals An inhaler, syrup, drug and a vaccine for curing COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
S. Kalimuthu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Corona Viruses

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A novel corona virus (Co V) is a new strain of corona virus that has not been previously identified in humans. Corona viruses can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with an infected patient. There is no specific treatment for disease caused by a novel corona virus. In this Hypothesis, the author proposes an alternative herbal inhaler, syrup, drug and a vaccine for curing Covid-19.

scholarly journals In COVID-19 time, how to protect myself and others? a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Angham G Hadi ◽  
Mohammed Kadhom ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Nany Hairunisa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The Common

Coronaviruses are a big identified group of viruses that could result in sickness in humans and animals. It was confirmed that many of these viruses caused respiratory diseases among humans and their symptoms range from popular colds to more serious diseases, such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The recently detected Coronavirus (called SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes a serious threat worldwide. There was no previous knowledge of this virus before the outbreak of Wuhan city in China in December 2019.  However, there is progress in defining, understanding and dealing with this virus.  In this review, we are focusing on the common questions regarding coronavirus transition and spread, and how to prevent the infection.  

scholarly journals Predicting the recombination potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arinjay Banerjee ◽  
Andrew C. Doxey ◽  
Benjamin J.-M. Tremblay ◽  
Michael J. Mansfield ◽  
Sonu Subudhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Computational Analyses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged to cause widespread infections in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes seasonal outbreaks with a case fatality rate of ~37 %. Here we show that there exists a theoretical possibility of future recombination events between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV RNA. Through computational analyses, we have identified homologous genomic regions within the ORF1ab and S genes that could facilitate recombination, and have analysed co-expression patterns of the cellular receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, ACE2 and DPP4, respectively, to identify human anatomical sites that could facilitate co-infection. Furthermore, we have investigated the likely susceptibility of various animal species to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection by comparing known virus spike protein–receptor interacting residues. In conclusion, we suggest that a recombination between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV RNA is possible and urge public health laboratories in high-risk areas to develop diagnostic capability for the detection of recombined coronaviruses in patient samples.

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