scholarly journals Immune-enhancing effects of glucocorticoids in response to day–night cycles and stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Shimba ◽  
Koichi Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Th17 Cell Differentiation ◽  
And Function

Abstract Environmental cues such as the day–night cycle or stressors trigger the production of glucocorticoids (GCs) by the adrenal cortex. GCs are well known for their anti-inflammatory effects that suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and induce the apoptosis of lymphocytes. Recent studies in mice, however, have revealed pro-inflammatory effects. The diurnal oscillation of GCs induces the expression of IL-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) and C–X–C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) at the active phase, which drives the diurnal homing of T cells into lymphoid organs. This accumulation of T cells at the active phase enhances T-cell priming against bacterial infection and antigen immunization, leading to an increase of effector CD8 T cells and antibody production. GCs induced by moderate stress trigger the homing of memory CD8 T cells into the bone marrow and support the maintenance and response of these cells. Thus, endogenous GCs have a self-defense function to enhance adaptive immune responses. By contrast, strong stress induces even higher GC levels and causes chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Because GCs can enhance the differentiation and function of T-helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cells, high stress-induced GC levels might enhance inflammation via Th17 cell differentiation. Overall, the positive and negative effects of GCs may regulate the balance between normal immune responses and susceptibility to infections and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals The chromatin accessibility signature of human immune aging stems from CD8+ T cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (10) ◽  
pp. 3123-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Ucar ◽  
Eladio J. Márquez ◽  
Cheng-Han Chung ◽  
Radu Marches ◽  
Robert J. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
T Cell Signaling ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Systems Immunology ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Chromatin Opening ◽  
Il7r Gene

Aging is linked to deficiencies in immune responses and increased systemic inflammation. To unravel the regulatory programs behind these changes, we applied systems immunology approaches and profiled chromatin accessibility and the transcriptome in PBMCs and purified monocytes, B cells, and T cells. Analysis of samples from 77 young and elderly donors revealed a novel and robust aging signature in PBMCs, with simultaneous systematic chromatin closing at promoters and enhancers associated with T cell signaling and a potentially stochastic chromatin opening mostly found at quiescent and repressed sites. Combined analyses of chromatin accessibility and the transcriptome uncovered immune molecules activated/inactivated with aging and identified the silencing of the IL7R gene and the IL-7 signaling pathway genes as potential biomarkers. This signature is borne by memory CD8+ T cells, which exhibited an aging-related loss in binding of NF-κB and STAT factors. Thus, our study provides a unique and comprehensive approach to identifying candidate biomarkers and provides mechanistic insights into aging-associated immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals The PD-1 Pathway Regulates Development and Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells following Respiratory Viral Infection

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 107827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Pauken ◽  
Jernej Godec ◽  
Pamela M. Odorizzi ◽  
Keturah E. Brown ◽  
Kathleen B. Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Ptpn2 and KLRG1 regulate the generation and function of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hochheiser ◽  
Florian Wiede ◽  
Teagan Wagner ◽  
David Freestone ◽  
Matthias H. Enders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hsv 1

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are key elements of tissue immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the regulator of T cell receptor and cytokine signaling, Ptpn2, in the formation and function of TRM cells in skin. Ptpn2-deficient CD8+ T cells displayed a marked defect in generating CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) skin infection. This was accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of KLRG1− memory precursor cells and a transcriptional bias toward terminal differentiation. Of note, forced expression of KLRG1 was sufficient to impede TRM cell formation. Normalizing memory precursor frequencies by transferring equal numbers of KLRG1− cells restored TRM generation, demonstrating that Ptpn2 impacted skin seeding with precursors rather than downstream TRM cell differentiation. Importantly, Ptpn2-deficient TRM cells augmented skin autoimmunity but also afforded superior protection from HSV-1 infection. Our results emphasize that KLRG1 repression is required for optimal TRM cell formation in skin and reveal an important role of Ptpn2 in regulating TRM cell functionality.

scholarly journals 62: Sensing and Alarm Function of Mucosal Memory CD8 T Cells Trigger Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A034-A034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Schenkel ◽  
Kathryn A. Fraser ◽  
Lalit K. Beura ◽  
Kristen E. Pauken ◽  
David Masopust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Methylation Reveals Chromatin State-Based Regulation of Gene Transcription and Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells

Immunity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Araki ◽  
Zhibin Wang ◽  
Chongzhi Zang ◽  
William H. Wood ◽  
Dustin Schones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Chromatin State ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Influenza infection results in local expansion of memory CD8+T cells with antigen non-specific phenotype and function

2013 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail D. Sckisel ◽  
Julia K. Tietze ◽  
Anthony E. Zamora ◽  
Hua-Hui Hsiao ◽  
Stephen O. Priest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Local Expansion ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Migration and Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Hirai ◽  
Sarah K. Whitley ◽  
Daniel H. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
And Function
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