Moving Global IR Forward—A Road Map

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Gelardi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Global South ◽  
Local Context ◽  
The Core ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract Many disciplinary analyses have exposed international realtions (IR) as a Western-centric discipline, unaware of or unconcerned with its own ethnocentric outlook. A growing consensus in the global IR framework argues that it is time to move beyond disciplinary critique, but scholars disagree on how to proceed. Three key issues are still being debated: who can speak, how to go local, and how to make the local global. This article confronts these questions by offering three interlinked contributions. First, it develops a typology of scholarly profiles by combining the typically isolated debates on scholarly origin, embeddedness within local context, and location. Second, the article identifies three main strategies for discovering and developing theories outside the core. Third, it offers four different avenues for applying local theories to the larger global canvas, underlining that Global South theories should not necessarily be limited to their “own” regions. Together these three contributions constitute a comprehensive roadmap for how to advance global IR's research agenda. The article provides examples focused on Latin America, highlighting the benefits of the roadmap while also giving agency to regional theoretical debates that are often overlooked in the Global IR debate.

scholarly journals Big Data from the South(s): Beyond Data Universalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Milan ◽  
Emiliano Treré
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Global South ◽  
The South ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This article introduces the tenets of a theory of datafication of and in the Souths. It calls for a de-Westernization of critical data studies, in view of promoting a reparation to the cognitive injustice that fails to recognize non-mainstream ways of knowing the world through data. It situates the “Big Data from the South” research agenda as an epistemological, ontological, and ethical program and outlines five conceptual operations to shape this agenda. First, it suggests moving past the “universalism” associated with our interpretations of datafication. Second, it advocates understanding the South as a composite and plural entity, beyond the geographical connotation (i.e., “global South”). Third, it postulates a critical engagement with the decolonial approach. Fourth, it argues for the need to bring agency to the core of our analyses. Finally, it suggests embracing the imaginaries of datafication emerging from the Souths, foregrounding empowering ways of thinking data from the margins.

scholarly journals Pachakuti e a história da modernidade nos mares do Sul

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Filipe Gervásio Pinto da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Global South ◽  
Primitive Accumulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Epistemological Debate

O texto trata da construção da modernidade colonialidade, a partir de um diálogo entre o Materialismo Histórico-Dialético (LUKÁCS, 2010; MARX, 2007; 2013) com as Epistemologias do Sul (SANTOS, 2010A; QUIJANO, 2005; MIGNOLO, 2011). Três são os pontos centrais da reflexão: o rompimento do silêncio absoluto que envolve a importância da América Latina na construção da modernidade capitalista; a vinculação metabólica entre modernidade e colonialidade, uma vez que a o estágio das forças produtivas e da consolidação do eurocentrismo como núcleo duro da vida intelectual mundial possuem uma vinculação estreita com o regime de acumulação primitiva, colonização e racialização dos territórios latino-americanos e, por fim; a introdução de uma premissa ontológica materialista ao debate epistemológico do Sul Global, é o de que a colonização foi o momento matricial da imposição planetária da Forma-Mercadoria (MARX, 2013).Pachakuti and the history of the modernity beyond the Southern seasABSTRACT The text deals with the construction of modernity-coloniality, starting from a dialogue between Historical-Dialectical Materialism (LUKÁCS, 2010; MARX, 2007; 2013) and Southern Epistemologies (SANTOS, 2010A; QUIJANO, 2005; MIGNOLO, 2011). Three are the central points of reflection: the breaking of the absolute silence that surrounds the importance of Latin America in the construction of capitalist modernity; the metabolic linkage between modernity and coloniality- since the stage of the productive forces and the consolidation of Eurocentrism as the core of the intellectual world life have a close connection with the regime of primitive accumulation, colonization and racialization of the Latin American territories and, finally, the introduction from a materialist ontological premise to the epistemological debate of the Global South, is that colonization was the matrix point of the planetary imposition of the Form-Merchandise (MARX, 2013). 

scholarly journals A Lacanian understanding of the southern planning theorists’ identification under the hegemony of western philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Global South ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lacanian Theory

As a planning theorist who has studied and taught planning theory in the Global South and North, I grapple with the question – “What does planning theory mean in the Global South?” To answer this question, I ontologically investigate the meaning of Southern planning theory based on a Lacanian approach. Drawing on the Lacanian theory of human subjectivity, this article explains how planning theorists’ identities are constituted through their interactions within academia. Lacanian discourse theory assists in exploring how most Southern planning theorists adopt, internalise, and use hegemonic Western philosophy, ideas, and discourses as the only accepted mechanism of truth. Consequently, this process profoundly alienates Southern planning theorists from their local context, as they often devalue, overlook, and neglect non-Western beliefs, ideas, knowledge, and philosophy. I argue that although the number of Southern planning theorists has increased during the last decades, non-Western philosophy is seldom utilised as the core of their critical studies. Based on the Lacanian discourse theory, I show that they mostly remain in the hegemonic mechanism of knowledge production that is embedded in the colonial era.

A road map for leptospirosis research and health policies based on country needs in Latin America

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Maria Pereira ◽  
Maria Cristina Schneider ◽  
Claudia Munoz-Zanzi ◽  
Federico Costa ◽  
Jackie Benschop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Road Map

On the Sociology of Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Rivera-Sánchez ◽  
Xóchitl Bada
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Fields

In this introductory chapter, we develop a brief history around the institutionalization process of sociology in Latin America. At the same time, we revisit some of the core debates and contributions of the sociology of Latin America, identifying some of the topics and fields in which sociology from this region has made key contributions to the discipline. The chapter is divided into three sections: development and institutionalization of the discipline, selected debates and contributions to sociology from Latin America, and, finally, the roadmap to this Handbook, which covers eight research fields.

scholarly journals Costa, cancer and coronavirus: contractualism as a guide to the ethics of lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107103
Author(s):  
Stephen David John ◽  
Emma J Curran
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Moral Distinction ◽  
Self Defence

Lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic involve placing huge burdens on some members of society for the sake of benefiting other members of society. How should we decide when these policies are permissible? Many writers propose we should address this question using cost-benefit analysis (CBA), a broadly consequentialist approach. We argue for an alternative non-consequentialist approach, grounded in contractualist moral theorising. The first section sets up key issues in the ethics of lockdown, and sketches the apparent appeal of addressing these problems in a CBA frame. The second section argues that CBA fundamentally distorts the normative landscape in two ways: first, in principle, it allows very many morally trivial preferences—say, for a coffee—might outweigh morally weighty life-and-death concerns; second, it is insensitive to the core moral distinction between victims and vectors of disease. The third section sketches our non-consequentialist alternative, grounded in Thomas Scanlon’s contractualist moral theory. On this account, the ethics of self-defence implies a strong default presumption in favour of a highly restrictive, universal lockdown policy: we then ask whether there are alternatives to such a policy which are justifiable to all affected parties, paying particular attention to the complaints of those most burdened by policy. In the fourth section, we defend our contractualist approach against the charge that it is impractical or counterintuitive, noting that actual CBAs face similar, or worse, challenges.

scholarly journals Hybrid institutional complexes in global governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Abbott ◽  
Benjamin Faude
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Institutional Strategies

AbstractMost issue areas in world politics today are governed neither by individual institutions nor by regime complexes composed of formal interstate institutions. Rather, they are governed by “hybrid institutional complexes” (HICs) comprising heterogeneous interstate, infra-state, public–private and private transnational institutions, formal and informal. We develop the concept of the HIC as a novel descriptive and analytical lens for the study of contemporary global governance. The core structural difference between HICs and regime complexes is the greater diversity of institutional forms within HICs. Because of that diversity, HICs operate differently than regime complexes in two significant ways: (1) HICs exhibit relatively greater functional differentiation among their component institutions, and hence suffer from relatively fewer overlapping claims to authority; and (2) HICs exhibit greater informal hierarchy among their component institutions, and hence benefit from greater ordering. Both are systemic features. HICs have characteristic governance benefits: they offer good “substantive fit” for multi-faceted governance problems and good “political fit” for the preferences of diverse constituents; constrain conflictive cross-institutional strategies; and are conducive to mechanisms of coordination, which enhance substantive coherence. Yet HICs also pose characteristic governance risks: individual institutions may take on aspects of problems for which they are ill-suited; multiple institutions may create confusion; HICs can amplify conflict and contestation rather than constraining them; and the “soft” institutions within HICs can reduce the focality of incumbent treaties and intergovernmental organizations and forestall the establishment of new ones. We outline a continuing research agenda for exploring the structures, operations and governance implications of HICs.

Displacement and ethnic reintegration in Ituri, DR Congo: challenges ahead

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Pottier
Keyword(s):  
Local Context ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Complex Emergency ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Contested Terrain

ABSTRACTThis article examines the ethnic character of Ituri's complex emergency. It considers the local context in which the IDP predicament has unfolded, asking questions about the prospect of, and responsibilities for, post-conflict reintegration. As militia disarmament and peace are linked but not coterminous, it is argued that militant ethnic agendas at the core of the conflict must be scrutinised for their ongoing significance. Revealing the past to be a contested terrain, these agendas call for an apartheid-style solution along lines of segregation first envisaged by Belgian colonialists. To move towards ethnic reintegration, Iturians face the challenge that they must create a common history freed from the stranglehold of extremist interpretations.

Geographies of transport III

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Schwanen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Global South ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Heuristic Classification

This third report in the series reviews recent research on the geographies of transport in Africa, Asia and Latin America to reflect on the spatialities of knowledge production and the question as to whether a post/decolonial turn is occurring in geographical scholarship on transport. A simple and heuristic classification scheme is developed and deployed to demonstrate that predominantly western worldviews, theories, concepts, methods and research practices continue to prevail in geographical scholarship on transport in the Global South. It is also shown that this hegemony is being reworked and resisted in various ways, and the report concludes with suggestions about how geographical scholarship on transport can be worlded and ultimately decolonized further.

Comintern Aesthetics in the Andes: The Indigenous Revolutionary

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-473
Author(s):  
Anna Björk Einarsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World System ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Cesar Vallejo ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Soviet Union

The fight against imperialism and racism was central to the Comintern's political and cultural program of the interwar period. Although the more immediate interests of the Soviet state would come to overshadow such causes, the cultural and political connections forged during this time influenced later forms of organizing. Throughout the interwar period (1918-39), the Soviet Union served as the core location of a newly formed world-system of socialist and communist radicalism. The origin of Latin American Marxism in the work of the Peruvian theorist and political organizer José Carlos Mariátegui, as well as the politically committed literature associated with the interwar communist left in the Andean region of Latin America, shows how literature and theory devoted to the indigenous revolutionary contributed to interwar Marxist debates. The interwar influence of Mariátegui and César Vallejo makes clear the importance of resisting attempts to drive a wedge between the two authors and the broader communist movement at the time.

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