scholarly journals The Impact of Household Preparations on the Residues of Pesticides in Selected Agricultural Food Commodities Available in India

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atmakuru Ramesh ◽  
Muthukrishnan Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Organonitrogen Pesticides ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Gas chromatographic multiresidue methods for simultaneous determination of organophosphorus, organochlorine, and organonitrogen pesticides were used to study the exposure of the Indian population to pesticide contamination at their actual dietary intakes. Selected agricultural commodities—5 kinds of vegetables (tomato, potato, okra, cabbage, and green beans), 6 kinds of cereals and pulses (rice, maize, wheat, red gram, black gram, and green gram), and 6 kinds of fruits (mango, orange, guava, banana, apple, and grapes)—readily available in Chennai City local markets—were studied for this purpose. Samples were fortified with known concentrations of various pesticides and subjected to household preparation methods commonly used in India. The impact of household preparation is very high, resulting in 65–95% decontamination of pesticides at different stages. Of 512 raw market samples analyzed, the organo chlorine and organophosphorus pesticides present in 12 samples were removed during household preparations, resulting in residues well below the toxicologically acceptable limits.

Comparison of QuEChERS with Traditional Sample Preparation Methods in the Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rada D Ðurović-Pejčev ◽  
Vojislava P Bursić ◽  
Tijana M Zeremski
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Background: The increased use of pesticides leads to permanent pollution of soil, and there is a need for continuous monitoring of these agrochemicals in soil. Objective: Three methods for the simultaneous determination of 12 pesticides belonging to eight chemical groups in soil samples were tested and compared based on analytical parameters. Methods: The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS); traditional solid–liquid extraction (SLE); and Soxhlet extraction were used for soil sample preparation, while detection and quantification of pesticides were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The tested methods featured good sensitivity, and with the exception for carbofuran (Soxhlet method, LOD = 29 μg/kg), for the rest of the pesticides, the studied LODs were less than 12 μg/kg. Except for simazine and carbofuran, LODs obtained by Soxhlet extraction were lower than values obtained by other two methods, whereas QuEChERS gave lower LODs than the traditional SLE method for all compounds except atrazine and acetochlor. The recoveries obtained applying QuEChERS, traditional SLE, and Soxhlet methods for multiple analyses of soil samples fortified at 10, 75, and 200 μg/kg of each pesticide were in the ranges 54–103, 40–91, and 12–92%, respectively. Except for chlorothalonil, the highest recoveries were obtained by the QuEChERS method. Soxhlet was better than traditional SLE method for chlorothalonil, heptachlor, and aldrin; organophosphorus pesticides (fenitrothion and diazinon) and trifluralin, gave similar recoveries for both methods. All three methods were proven to be repeatable, with RSDs lower than 19%. Conclusions: Although all tested methods showed as satisfactory regarding most analytical parameters, QuEChERS method showed much better results in terms of confidence, indicating that traditional SLE and Soxhlet extraction still need improvements for determination of multiclass pesticides in soil samples.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF STANDARD AND MODIFIED GRAVITY ON INTERPLANETARY RANGES

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. IORIO
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Earth Planet ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Heliocentric Orbits ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

We numerically investigate the impact on the two-body range of several Newtonian and non-Newtonian dynamical effects for some Earth-planet (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) pairs, in view of the expected cm-level accuracy in some future planned or proposed interplanetary ranging operations. The general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense–Thirring effect should be modeled and solved for in future accurate ranging tests of Newtonian and post-Newtonian gravity, because it falls within their measurability domain. It could a priori "imprint" the determination of some of the target parameters of the tests considered. Moreover, the ring of the minor asteroids, Ceres, Pallas, Vesta (and also many other asteroids if Mars is considered) and the trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) act as sources of nonnegligible systematic uncertainty on the larger gravitoelectric post-Newtonian signals from which it is intended to determine the parameters γ and β of the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism with very high precision (several orders of magnitude better than the current 10-4–10-5levels). Also, other putative, nonconventional gravitational effects, like a violation of the strong equivalence principle (SEP), a secular variation of the Newtonian constant of gravitation G, and the Pioneer anomaly, are considered. The presence of a hypothetical, distant planetary-sized body X could be detectable with future high-accuracy planetary ranging. Our analysis can, in principle, be extended to future interplanetary ranging scenarios in which one or more spacecrafts in heliocentric orbits are involved. The impact of fitting the initial conditions, and of the noise in the observations, on the actual detectability of the dynamical signatures investigated, which may be partly absorbed in the estimation process, should be quantitatively addressed in further studies.

Simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides in different food commodities by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2276-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Jafariah Jaafar ◽  
Azmi Bin Aris ◽  
Zaiton Abdul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Food Commodities

scholarly journals Irrigation Scheduling of Maize Grown on a Vertisol Soil Under Changing Climate of Sofia’s Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (s1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanova ◽  
Zornitsa Popova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of climate uncertainties on maize irrigation requirements, grown on a Vertisol soil, Sofia’s field, Bulgaria. Through the validated WinIsareg model, four irrigation scheduling alternatives are simulated for the years of “very high“, “high“ and “average“ irrigation demands of past (1952–1984) and present (1970–2004) climate. Adaptation of irrigation scheduling to the present climate conditions during the “very dry“ years (P I ≤12%) consists of an extension of the irrigation season by 15–20 days and a need of additional irrigation relative to alternative 1 and two irrigation events at alternatives 2 and 3. During the past climate alternatives 2 and 3 led to savings of 30 mm of water, while up to the current climate conditions the three irrigations alternatives should provide 360 mm of irrigation water. To obtain maximum yields in “dry“ (P I = 12–30%) years, irrigation season should end by 05/09, as in the present climate, irrigation season has shifted about a week earlier for the three alternatives. In the “average“ (P I = 30–60%) years the adaptation consist in accurately determination of the last allowed date for irrigation.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of strategic food commodities in Lampung Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Wan Abbas Zakaria ◽  
Teguh Endaryanto ◽  
Lidyasari Mas Indah ◽  
Lina Marlina ◽  
Indah Listiana
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
National Development ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

Food commodities play an important role in income increase of people, job opportunities, and regional and national development.  Competitiveness of food commodities needs for community welfare increase and national food security and sovereignty.  The aims of this research were: (1) to analysis of competitiveness of strategic food commodities in Lampung Province, (2) to analyze the impact of changes of input and output prices against of strategic food commodities in Lampung Province, and (3) to know the policy of suitable minimum prices of strategic food commodities in Lampung Province. This research conducted in Lampung Province from September 2013 to September 2014.  The regencies as a sample selected by purposive sampling were Middle Lampung, North Lampung, South Lampung, and East Lampung.  The determination of the farmers used stratified simple random sampling. The sample in this study was 120 respondents. The results showed that the farming of strategic food commodities (paddy and corn) had PCR and DCR value less than one point.  Strategic food commodities had lesser value due to an increase in fertilizer price and a decline in output prices.  The competitiveness of strategic food commodities in Lampung Province was sensitive to output prices decrease.  The policy of the minimum price of paddy at least two times greater than the price of corn.

Mycotoxins, the unknowns: trends in food availability and consumer perceptions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ragona
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Food consumption habits have been changing rapidly over the last decades, and the impact of these changes on the levels of dietary exposure to mycotoxins could be relevant. In this paper, trends in availability of specific foods that are most affected by mycotoxins were analysed, and comparisons were made among different world regions. The food commodities that have been registering very high availability levels and annual increases over the last 20 years are groundnuts and nuts in Africa and Asia, and maize in Africa, which represent an important part of the diets in those regions. Other foods, which are regularly consumed only by subgroups of populations, show increasing trends in many high- or medium-income regions. Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Australia & New Zealand, Western Africa and Eastern Asia are the regions experiencing the most dynamic changes in availability for selected foods. As individual food consumption is determined, among others, by personal risk perceptions, a literature review on the level and drivers of awareness and perception of mycotoxin risks was conducted. The scarce evidence found show a very low level of awareness and a generally moderate perception of risks derived from mycotoxin exposure, lower than risk perceptions associated with other foodborne hazards. Among the determinants of perceived risks, the education level emerges as being inversely related to the risk perception. More research is needed on these aspects, in order to better inform risk management and communication strategies related to mycotoxins.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

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