Exploring the extra-virgin olive oil volatilome by adding extra dimensions to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry featuring tandem ionization: validation of ripening markers in headspace linearity conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Stilo ◽  
Erica Liberto ◽  
Stephen E Reichenbach ◽  
Qingping Tao ◽  
Carlo Bicchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Soft Ionization ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS) is the most informative analytical approach for chemical characterization of the complex food volatilome. Key analytical features include: separation power and resolution enhancement; improved sensitivity; and structured separation patterns from chemically correlated analytes. Objective In this study, we explore the complex extra-virgin olive oil volatilome by combining head-space (HS) solid-phase microextraction, applied under HS linearity conditions to GC×GC-TOF MS featuring hard and soft ionization in tandem. Methods Multiple analytical dimensions are combined in a single run and evaluated in terms of: chemical dimensionality; method absolute and relative sensitivity; identification reliability provided by spectral signatures acquired at 70 and 12 eV; and dynamic and linear range of response provided by soft ionization. Results Method effectiveness is validated on a sample set of oils from Picual olives at different ripening stages. Ripening markers (3,4-diethyl-1,5-hexadiene (RS/SR), 3,4-diethyl-1,5-hexadiene (meso), (5Z)-3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene, (5E)-3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene, (E,Z)-3,7-decadiene and (E,E)-3,7-decadiene, (Z)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-pentenal, (Z)-2-pentenal, 1-pentanol, 1-penten-3-ol, 3-pentanone, and 1-penten-3-one) and quality indexes ((Z)-3-Hexenal/Nonanal, (Z)-3-Hexenal/Octane, (E)-2-Pentenal/Nonanal, and (E)-2-Pentenal/Octane) are confirmed for their validity in HS linearity conditions. Conclusions : For the complex olive oil volatilome, the proposed approach offers concrete advantages for the validation of the informative role of existing analytes while suggesting new potential markers to be studied in larger sample sets. Highlights The accurate fingerprinting of volatiles by HS-SPME operating in HS linearity conditions followed by GC×GC-TOF MS featuring tandem ionization gives the opportunity to improve the quality of analytical data and reliability of results.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Polygonum minus Huds. Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC-TOF MS)

Molecules ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 7006-7015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
Hamidun Bunawan ◽  
Ma’aruf Abd. Ghani ◽  
Wan Aida Wan Mustapha ◽  
Normah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polygonum Minus ◽  
Tof Ms

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. 29 different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across New Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GD-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC×GC-ToF-MS). 94 % quantification was achieved on average across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were: fuel wood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquified petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2383-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

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