scholarly journals 4 Effect of Inclusion Rate of Silage With or Without the Presence of Alpha-Amylase on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Efficiency Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract One hundred ninety-two Continental × British steers (initial BW 420 kg [SD 24.7]) were used in a randomized complete block design finishing study to evaluate the effects of feeding two types of silage germplasm at two inclusion rates. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with either a conventional (CON) or increased expression of alpha-amylase (Enogen, Syngenta Seeds, LLC, ENO) hybrid fed at either 12% (12SIL) or 24% (24SIL) of diet DM. Steers were blocked (n = 5) and assigned randomly within block to treatments, resulting in five pens and 48 steers per treatment. Steers were harvested after 126 (12SIL) or 140 (24SIL) days on feed. There were no silage source by inclusion rate interactions detected for live growth performance. Silage source did not affect live based average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), or final BW (FBW; P ≥ 0.35). Feeding 24% silage reduced ADG (P = 0.04) and G:F (P = 0.01) but increased FBW (P = 0.02) compared to 12SIL. A source by inclusion rate interaction was detected (P = 0.04) for calculated yield grade (YG) with steers fed 24% silage having increased YG within CON but not ENO. Hot carcass weight and ribfat were unaffected by silage source (P ≥ 0.81), but were increased by feeding 24% silage (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Feeding increased amounts of silage increased beef produced per hectare (P = 0.05). Conventional silage produced more beef per hectare (P < 0.01) due to differences in silage yield, but source of silage did not affect feedlot performance independent of silage yield. Feeding increased amounts of silage reduced DM efficiency on a live animal basis but increased beef produced per hectare which is of major value to cattle feeders who produce the majority of their own feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Effect of inclusion rate of silage with or without alpha-amylase trait on finishing steer growth performance, carcass characteristics, and agronomic efficiency measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 942-949
Author(s):  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie A Walker ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract One hundred ninety-two Continental × British steers [initial body weight (BW) = 420 kg (standard deviation = 24.7)] were used in a randomized complete block design finishing study to evaluate the effects of feeding two types of silage germplasm at two inclusion rates. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with either a conventional hybrid (Golden Harvest G07B39-311A, Syngenta Seeds LLC, Minnetonka, MN; CON) or a hybrid with increased expression of alpha-amylase (Syngenta Enogen Feed corn, Golden Harvest E107B3-3011A-EVT5, Syngenta Seeds, LLC; ENO) fed at either 12% (12SIL) or 24% (24SIL) of diet dry matter. Steers were blocked by source and location (source 1: first three pen replicates, n = 10 steers per pen with a fourth pen replicate of six steers per pen; source 2: one pen replicate, n = 12 steers per pen) and assigned randomly within block to treatments, resulting in five pens and 48 steers per treatment. Steers were harvested after 126 (12SIL) or 140 (24SIL) days on feed (DOF). There were no silage hybrid by inclusion rate interactions detected for live growth performance (P ≥ 0.15). Silage hybrid did not affect average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), or final BW (FBW; P ≥ 0.35). Feeding 24% silage reduced ADG (P = 0.04) and increased G:F (P = 0.01) but increased FBW (P = 0.02) because of greater DOF compared with 12SIL. A hybrid by inclusion rate interaction was detected (P = 0.04) for calculated yield grade (YG) with steers fed 24SIL having increased YG within CON but not ENO. Hot carcass weight and rib fat were unaffected by silage hybrid (P ≥ 0.81) but were increased by feeding 24SIL (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Feeding increased amounts of silage increased beef produced per hectare (P = 0.05). Source of silage did not affect feedlot growth performance of cattle but, because of slight differences in estimated silage yield, conventional silage produced more kilograms of beef per hectare (P < 0.01). Feeding increased amounts of silage reduced G:F on both a live and carcass-adjusted basis but increased kilograms of beef produced per unit of land, which is paramount to cattle feeders who grow their own feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot Holstein steers fed ractopamine hydrochloride1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Cathy L Lockard ◽  
Chris J Richards ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Maggie Youngers ◽  
Mariah A Woolsoncroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Growth-promoting technologies such as implants, ionophores, and β-agonists improve feedlot performance, efficiency, and carcass characteristics of cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dose and duration of ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics when fed to Holstein steers. A randomized complete block design was used with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 RH doses (0, 300, or 400 mg∙steer−1∙d−1) fed for 3 durations (28, 35, or 42 d). Holstein steers (n = 855; initial body weight [BW] = 448 ± 37 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to 1 of 9 pens (15 blocks; 9 dose × duration treatment combinations) approximately 72 d before harvest. Weekly pen weights, chute temperament scores, and animal mobility were determined during the RH feeding period. At harvest, carcass data were collected on all steers, and tenderness was measured on steaks from 3 or 4 randomly selected steers from each pen and slice shear force (SSF) was determined on one steak selected from each side of the carcass after aging for 14 or 21 d. For feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and SSF, no dose × duration interactions were observed (P ≥ 0.11). With increasing RH dose, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas BW gain increased linearly with RH dose and duration (P ≤ 0.01). Hot carcass weight (P = 0.02) and longissimus muscle (LM) area (P ≤ 0.01) increased linearly with increasing RH dose. The percentage of carcasses in the USDA Yield Grade 2 category increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) and percentage of carcasses in the USDA Yield Grade 4 category tended (P = 0.08) to decrease linearly as RH dose increased. In the 14-d aged steaks, the percentage of steaks with SSF ≤ 15.3 kg decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas the percentage of steaks with ≥20.0 kg SSF increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing RH dose. After 21-d aging, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for a greater percentage of steaks from steers fed RH to have SSF ≥ 20.0 kg (2% of total steaks), but no difference (P ≥ 0.12) in the percentage of steaks with SSF ≤ 19.9 kg. Final chute temperament (P ≥ 0.45) and animal mobility (P ≥ 0.67) scores were not affected by feeding RH. Increasing the dose of RH (300 or 400 mg∙steer−1∙d−1) fed for 28 to 42 d before harvest increased ADG, G:F, hot carcass weight, and LM area when fed to Holstein steers with no negative effects on behavior or mobility. The percentage of steaks classified as not tender improved when steaks were aged for 21 d from steers treated with RH.

scholarly journals Effects of steroidal implants on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and serum and meat estradiol-17β concentrations of Holstein steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Vilela Carvalho ◽  
George A Perry ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of steroidal implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations in the blood and longissimus muscle of Holstein steers fed a grain-based diet. Seventy Holstein steers (average initial BW = 275 ± 6.4 kg, 10 to 12 mo of age) were assigned to treatments: (i) implanted with 80 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 16 mg of E2 (Component TE-IS with Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at the start of the trial (day 0), and reimplanted with 120 mg of TBA and 24 mg of E2 (Component TE-S with Tylan; Elanco Animal Health) on day 84 of the experiment; or (ii) no implant. Implanted Holstein steers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) than nonimplanted Holstein steers in the middle (day 84) and at the end of the experiment (day 186). Implanting Holstein steers increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) without affecting gain-to-feed ratio compared with nonimplanted animals. Carcasses from implanted Holstein steers had greater (P < 0.01) hot carcass weight (HCW) and longissimus muscle (LM) area than carcasses from nonimplanted steers. Implanting did not affect (P ≥ 0.21) other carcass characteristics. There was an increase (P = 0.03) of 1.3 pg of E2/g of muscle in implanted Holstein steers compared with that from nonimplanted Holstein steers. There was an implant × day interaction (P < 0.01) in serum E2 concentrations. Serum E2 concentrations were not altered in nonimplanted Holstein steers, whereas E2 concentration increased (P < 0.01) after steers were implanted, regardless of implant characteristics. Serum E2 peaked at 28 days after the first implant and then rapidly declined after day 56. In summary, steroidal implants administered on days 0 and 84 increased DMI, ADG, HCW, and LM area in Holstein steers compared with nonimplanted steers due to increased serum E2 concentrations. However, these changes did not improve feed efficiency or other carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals 139 Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Maryane S Faria de Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Caroline J González-Vega ◽  
John E Thomson ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets containing 0.71, 0.79, or 0.87% SID Val. A total of 224 weanling pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 21 d and growth performance was measured on a pen basis. Orthogonal-polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of L-Val and Val-FB levels on performance and the effect of Val sources. A linear regression model based on performance was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to L-Val. The final body-weight (BW) and average-daily-gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val (Table 1). The average-daily-feed-intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) by supplementing graded levels of both Val sources to the diets. The RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146, 135, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99 to 191%, 83 to 187%, and 70 to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val-FB relative to L-Val, and pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB had greater ADG and final BW than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of L-Val.

scholarly journals 73 Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Uislei Orlando ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 130-kg. A total of 2,016 barrows and gilts (PIC 280×Camborough, initial BW of 29.6±0.53 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments (Table 1) consisted with two NDF levels (13% or 20%) and two SID Lys curves (PIC2008 or PIC2016). There were 21 mixed-sex pigs per pen, and 24 pens per treatment. The experiment diets were fed in 3 phases. Wheat, wheat by-products, peas, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve treatments, and all diets were formulated to be iso-caloric (2,420 kcal NE/kg). Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NDF level resulted in a reduction (P&lt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass ADG, and backfat depth (Table 2), and tended to decrease percentage of removals and mortality (P=0.10). Pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve had greater ADG and carcass ADG as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve (P&lt; 0.05). There were NDF×Lys interactions (P&lt; 0.10) for ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F. These response criteria were improved for pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve when NDF level was 13%; while no evidence of differences was observed at 20% NDF. Results indicate that increasing NDF level from 13 to 20% deteriorate performance of 30- to 130- kg pigs; and the improved growth performance of pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve was only observed when lower NDF level was presented.

Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Zebu heifers supplemented with two β-adrenergic agonists

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Meraz-Murillo ◽  
L. Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
C. Pérez-Linares ◽  
F. Figueroa-Saavedra ◽  
V. Torres-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Meat Colour

The aim was to evaluate effects of administration of two β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat-quality traits of Zebu heifers finished in a feedlot. Fifty-four Zebu heifers weighing 397 ± 29.1 kg were used in a randomised complete block design with three treatments and six blocks (i.e. 18 pens with 3 heifers per pen). Treatments were as follows: (1) control (C; no supplement); (2) zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 60 mg per heifer per day); and (3) ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 300 mg per heifer per day). The β-AA were added to the diets during the final 33 days of the finishing period, after which the heifers were immediately slaughtered. Relative to C, average daily gain and gain : feed ratio were improved (P < 0.05) in heifers supplemented with ZH, but not in those supplemented with RH. Feed intake in C heifers was lower (P < 0.05) than in ZH heifers, but similar (P > 0.05) to RH heifers. The hot carcass weight showed a trend to be heavier (P = 0.096) in ZH than in C heifers. However, Longissimus dorsi (LM) area was increased (P < 0.05) by ZH (73.94 cm2), but RH (70.45 cm2) and C (66.3 cm2) groups had a similar (P > 0.05) LM area. The meat from the ZH- and RH-supplemented heifers had higher Warner–Bratzler shear-force values (P < 0.01) than that from C heifers (ZH = 5.11; RH = 5.50; C = 4.89 kg/cm2), and the meat from RH-supplemented heifers was classified as ‘tough’. Variables associated with meat colour indicated that ZH led to a lower b* average, which was related to a lighter LM area than in C. In general, feedlot performance was enhanced only by the β-AA ZH, with meat tenderness from RH heifers classified as ‘tough’. Meat colour was not altered by β-AA supplementation. These data suggested that while ZH supplementation to Bos indicus heifers offered advantages in feedlot performance and some carcass traits, RH supplementation did not positively affect these biological responses.

scholarly journals 401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
William T Nelson ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Jerry Spears ◽  
Jeff Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Zinc Source ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P &lt; 0.01) final BW, greater (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, improved (P &lt; 0.001) G:F, heavier (P &lt; 0.01) HCW, and larger (P &lt; 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

Nutritive value of corn, barley, wheat and oats fed with medium quality hay to fattening steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dion ◽  
J. R. Seoane
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two large-frame crossbred steers (443 ± 5 kg) were used to determine the nutritive value of cracked corn, rolled barley, rolled oats and rolled wheat in finishing diets for beef cattle fed medium-quality grass hay. Diets contained about 54% grains, 40% grass hay and 6% of a supplement of minerals, vitamins and lasalocid. Total daily dry matter (DM) intake ranged from 9.52 to 10.24 kg, average daily gain from 1.09 to 1.17 kg and gain to feed ratio from 0.113 to 0.121, but these values were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibilities of DM and energy of steers receiving the oats diet were lower than those of steers receiving the wheat diet (P < 0.05), the other diets having intermediate values. Apparent digestion coefficient of protein was higher for the oats diet (P < 0.05) than for other diets. Acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) and starch digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in steers receiving corn than in those receiving barley, oats or wheat. The results indicate that nutritive value of all diets was similar. Key words: Grains, fattening steers, digestibility

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of coated and noncoated steroidal implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum estradiol-17β concentrations of finishing Holstein steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H V Carvalho ◽  
Mariana F Westphalen ◽  
Jonathan A Campbell ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Coated Implant ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of coated or noncoated hormone implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations of Holstein steers fed a grain-based diet for 112 d. Seventy-nine Holstein steers [average initial body weight (BW) = 452 ± 5.5 kg] were stratified by BW and allotted to one of two treatments: 1) Holstein steers implanted with a coated implant containing 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 40 mg E2 (Revalor-XS (Merck Animal Health; Summit, NJ)] on day 0 (XS) or 2) Holstein steers implanted two times (days 0 and 56) with a noncoated implant containing 80 mg of TBA and 16 mg of E2 [(2IS) Revalor-IS (Merck Animal Health)]. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There was no effect (P ≥ 0.71) of implant strategy on initial, middle, and final BW. No effect (P ≥ 0.12) of implant strategy was observed on average daily gain, dry matter intake, or gain-to-feed ratio. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.11) of implant strategy on carcass characteristics. There was an implant × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for the circulation of serum E2 concentrations. Serum E2 concentration increased similarly 14 d after Holstein steers were implanted, regardless of implant strategy. At 28 d, after steers were implanted, steers in the XS group had less serum E2 concentration than Holstein steers in the 2IS group. However, at 56 d after the first implantation, both groups, once again, had similar serum E2 concentrations and E2 concentrations were less on day 56 than day 28 for both strategies. Holstein steers implanted with 2IS had greater serum E2 concentration on day 70 and E2 concentrations remained greater than serum E2 of Holstein steers implanted XS for the duration of the trial (day 112). In summary, there was no effect of coated or two doses of noncoated implant on growth performance or carcass characteristics of Holstein steers.

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