scholarly journals 139 Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Maryane S Faria de Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Caroline J González-Vega ◽  
John E Thomson ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets containing 0.71, 0.79, or 0.87% SID Val. A total of 224 weanling pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 21 d and growth performance was measured on a pen basis. Orthogonal-polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of L-Val and Val-FB levels on performance and the effect of Val sources. A linear regression model based on performance was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to L-Val. The final body-weight (BW) and average-daily-gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val (Table 1). The average-daily-feed-intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) by supplementing graded levels of both Val sources to the diets. The RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146, 135, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99 to 191%, 83 to 187%, and 70 to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val-FB relative to L-Val, and pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB had greater ADG and final BW than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of L-Val.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of valine in spray-dried L-valine biomass is not different from that in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4227-4234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a spray dried L-Val fermentation biomass (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to Val from L-Val (98% L-Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08%, 0.17%, or 0.25% L-Val or 0.12%, 0.25%, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets from both Val sources that contained 0.71%, 0.79%, or 0.87% SID Val. Two hundred twenty-four weaned pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg initial BW) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets, 4 pigs per pen, and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 20 d. At the conclusion of the experiment, a blood sample from 1 pig per pen was analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma free AA. A linear regression model was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to Val from L-Val. Results indicated that the final BW and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val. The ADFI decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.01), whereas G:F increased (linear, P < 0.01) by increasing inclusion of both Val sources in the diets. Regardless of source of dietary Val, BUN values were reduced (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) as the concentration of Val in the diet increased. Pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val had increased (linear and quadratic, P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of Val and Arg in plasma, and plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, Lys, Ala, Cys, and Pro linearly increased (P < 0.05). There was also an increase (linear, P < 0.05) in plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, Met, Ala, Asp, Cys, and Pro as Val-FB was added to the diets, and the concentration of Val in plasma increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Using L-Val as the standard, the RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146%, 135%, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99% to 191%, 83% to 187%, and 70% to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val in Val-FB relative to Val from L-Val, and pigs fed diet supplemented with Val-FB had greater final BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of Val from L-Val.

scholarly journals Performance and intestinal health of weanling pigs fed with dietary nucleotides

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla De Andrade ◽  
Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida ◽  
Maicon Sbardella ◽  
Danilo Do Prado Perina ◽  
Fabiane De Lima Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Nucleotides ◽  
Daily Gain

Previous studies reported benefits to growth performance, intestinal histology and reduced diarrhea for pigs supplemented with nucleotide additive as a replacement to antimicrobial growth promoters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nucleotide levels on performance, occurrence of diarrhea, relative weight of organs, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota of weanling pigs. One hundred and sixty 21-d weaned pigs (6.43 ± 0.71 kg BW) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replications per treatment and four animals per pen (experimental unit). The treatments were basal diet with 120 ppm of chloro-hydroxyquinoline (antimicrobial), and basal diet with 0 (control), 100, 150, or 200 ppm of nucleotides. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain to feed ratio (G:F), and occurrence of diarrhea were calculated from day 1 to 14, day 14 to 34, and day 1 to 34 of the experiment. A day after the end of the experiment, one animal from each pen was slaughtered to evaluate the relative weight of organs, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota. From day 1-14 and day 14-34 of the experiment, performance was not affected by the treatments. For the total experimental period (day 1-34), increasing the dietary concentrations of nucleotides linearly improved the final body weight and average daily gain. Salmonella spp. was detected only in the control treatment, without affecting the other microorganisms. Pigs fed with antibiotic had a lower occurrence of diarrhea from day 1-14 compared to pigs fed with nucleotide treatments. Although increasing the occurrence of diarrhea in the first 14 days, dietary nucleotides added up to 200 ppm, improve the final body weight and average daily gain at 34 days post weaning. Nucleotides and antimicrobial not shown beneficial effects on organ weights, and intestinal histology of nursery pig, however, are able to decrease the population of Salmonella spp. at small intestine.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

scholarly journals 120 Effects of dietary leucine concentration on branched-chain amino acid metabolism in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Woong B Kwon ◽  
Kevin J Touchette ◽  
Aude Simongiovanni ◽  
Kostas Syriopoulos ◽  
Anna Wessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract The hypothesis that excess dietary Leu affects growth performance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in growing pigs was tested. Forty barrows (30.0 ± 2.7 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 5 diets that contained 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300% of the requirement for standardized ileal digestible Leu. Initial and final body weight of pigs and daily feed provisions were recorded. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d to measure N balance and biological value of diets. At the conclusion of the experiment, blood, brain, liver, and muscle samples were collected and average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were calculated. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of increasing Leu in the diets. Results indicated that ADG, ADFI, and G:F decreased (linear, P < 0.05) as dietary Leu increased (Table 1). A trend (linear, P = 0.082) for decreased N retention and decreased (linear, P < 0.05) biological value of protein was also observed. Plasma urea N increased (linear, P < 0.05) and a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05) in plasma serotonin and a linear reduction (P < 0.05) in cerebral serotonin were observed with increasing dietary Leu. Concentrations of BCAA in liver increased (linear, P < 0.001), concentrations of BCAA in muscle decreased (linear, P < 0.05), concentration of α-keto-isovalerate was reduced (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) in liver, muscle, and serum, and α-keto-β-methylvalerate was reduced (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) in muscle and serum, whereas α-keto-isocaproate increased (linear, P < 0.05) in liver and muscle, and in serum (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Leu. In conclusion, excess dietary Leu reduced growth performance and cerebral serotonin and tended to reduce protein synthesis.

PSX-A-15 Late-Breaking: Use of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement on growth performance in feedlot heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Juan P Russi ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Acid Supplement ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the of use different doses of a rumen protected fatty acid supplement in feedlot heifers. Seventy-two (cross bread) heifers were blocked by body weight and animals within each block were randomly allotted to a pen. Each pen had 4 heifers, and there were 6 pens per treatment. All animals were fed a basal diet of 14% corn silage, 73% dry rolled corn, 10% cracked soybeans, 1% urea, and 2% mineral vitamin mix for 83 days. Each treatment received different dose of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement (RPFA), which contained 40% flaxseed oil, 55% treated soy lecithin, and 5% dextrose; processed using the procedure described in the patent (pending: US 2020/0197346 A1). Treatments were T1: 125 g RPFA; T2: 250 g of RPFA, and T3: 375 g of RPFA. Treatments were daily top dressed. Heifers were weighted on days 0, 50, and 83. Longissimus dorsi muscle (LMA) and back fat (BF) at the 13 rib were measured using ultrasound day 0 and 83, before the animals were sent to slaughter. Dry matter offered per day and refusal collected twice a week were used to estimate dry matter intake (DMI). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, with treatment as a fixed variable and block as a random variable. Means were separated using a polynomial contrast. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.16; Table 1) on final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, gain to DMI ratio, or dressing percentage. There where quadratic tendencies (P ≤ 0.1; Table 1) for hot carcass weight (HCW), LMA, and BF. Based in the results from the current experiment, feeding 100 g of flaxseed oil (250 g of RPFA) improves HCW and LMA but also BF, without affecting growth and DMI.

scholarly journals Effects of soybean meal level on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg nursery pigs12

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-707
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) level in diets with or without 25% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of nursery pigs raised in university or commercial facilities. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5%, 32.5%, or 37.5% of the diet) and DDGS (0% or 25% of the diet). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 10.6, 11.7, 12.5, and 12.3 kg were used in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There were 10, 16, 13, and 12 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for approximately 21 d. Then, pens of pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor and experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect. Single degree-of-freedom contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBM and their interactions with DDGS. Pigs used in all experiments did not undergo major health challenges during the experimental period and due to the low number of mortality and cull events, statistical analysis was not performed on these variables. The average cull rate was 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0%, and the mortality rate was 0.7%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0% in Exp. 1–4, respectively. There were interactions (P ≤ 0.039) between SBM and DDGS for G:F and CE in Exp. 2 and for ADG and ADFI in Exp. 3. These were mostly driven by increasing SBM negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained DDGS compared to diets without DDGS. The main effects of DDGS and SBM were more consistently observed across experiments. Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased (P ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI in all experiments, as well as poorer (P ≤ 0.028) G:F and CE except for Exp. 3. Feeding increasing amounts of SBM generally did not result in any major impact in ADG but consistently improved (linear, P ≤ 0.078) G:F and CE across experiments.

98 Buttiauxella Phytase Improves Growth Performance of Weanling Pigs Fed Corn, Soybean Meal, and Canola Meal Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Carly M Rundle ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Barthold Hillen ◽  
Maryane S Sespere Faria Oliveira ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a Buttiauxella phytase expressed in T. reesei can compensate the reduction in standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, Ca, digestible energy (DE), and standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA in diets for pigs without impaired growth performance. A positive control diet (PC) was formulated to meet the requirement for STTD P and total Ca (0.33% STTD P and 0.60% Ca). A negative control diet (NC) was formulated with 0.18% STTD P and 0.45% Ca and with reduction of DE by 43 kcal/kg and SID AA by 0.01–0.02% vs. PC. Adding 250, 500, or 1,000 phytase units (FTU) per kg to the NC diet for a total of 5 experimental diets formulated three additional diets. A total of 155 pigs (BW: 8.77 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to the 5 treatments, and there were 8 replicate pens per treatment. The experiment was conducted for 21 d. Pigs were weighed at the beginning and conclusion of the experiment, and daily feed allotments were recorded. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for each treatment. Data were analyzed using contrast statements to compare PC and NC, PC and phytase, and to determine linear and quadratic effects of phytase. Results indicated that pigs fed the NC diet had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with pigs fed the PC diet (Table 1). Adding phytase to NC increased ADFI (linear, P &lt; 0.05) and ADG (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with the greatest values for the 1,000 FTU treatment. Including phytase in the diet also resulted in a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) in G:F. In conclusion, Buttiauxella phytase may be included in diets with reduced nutrients and energy for weanling pigs without compromising pig growth performance.

scholarly journals PSII-20 Evaluation of Different Vitamin Concentrations in a Commercial Wean-to-Finish Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Robyn Thompson ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
Carine Vier ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Wayne Cast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different vitamin concentrations on growth performance of wean-to-finish pigs under commercial conditions. A total of 900 barrows and gilts (PIC337×Camborough; initially 5.34±0.13 kg) were used in a 136-d growth trial with 25 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets were fed in 3 phases during nursery (5-6, 6-13, and 13-26 kg) and 5 phases during grow-finish (26-44, 44-65, 65-87, 87-108, and 108-128 kg). Dietary treatments consisted of: 1) NRC: vitamin concentrations following NRC (2012) recommendations; 2) PIC: vitamin concentrations following PIC (2016) recommendations; 3) Low-PIC: vitamin concentrations that ranged from 0 to 91% of PIC recommendations. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. During the nursery period, pigs fed PIC and Low-PIC diets had greater (P&lt; 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to pigs fed NRC diets. There was no evidence (P &gt;0.10) for differences in average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F). During the grow-finish period, there was no evidence (P &gt;0.10) for differences in growth performance. During the overall wean-to-finish period, pigs fed PIC diets had lower (P&lt; 0.05) ADG and final body weight compared to pigs fed NRC and Low-PIC diets. There was no evidence (P &gt;0.10) for differences in ADFI or G:F. Pigs fed PIC diets had the greatest serum vitamin D3 at the end of nursery and finish periods (P&lt; 0.05) and the greatest serum Vitamin E at the end of nursery period (P&lt; 0.05). In summary, pigs fed PIC and Low-PIC diets had greater nursery feed intake and serum vitamin E and D3 concentrations compared to pigs fed NRC diets. Data from this study have demonstrated that pigs fed diets with reduced vitamin concentrations compared to PIC (2016) recommendations had improved wean-to-finish growth rate.

scholarly journals Growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot Holstein steers fed ractopamine hydrochloride1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Cathy L Lockard ◽  
Chris J Richards ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Maggie Youngers ◽  
Mariah A Woolsoncroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Growth-promoting technologies such as implants, ionophores, and β-agonists improve feedlot performance, efficiency, and carcass characteristics of cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dose and duration of ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics when fed to Holstein steers. A randomized complete block design was used with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 RH doses (0, 300, or 400 mg∙steer−1∙d−1) fed for 3 durations (28, 35, or 42 d). Holstein steers (n = 855; initial body weight [BW] = 448 ± 37 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to 1 of 9 pens (15 blocks; 9 dose × duration treatment combinations) approximately 72 d before harvest. Weekly pen weights, chute temperament scores, and animal mobility were determined during the RH feeding period. At harvest, carcass data were collected on all steers, and tenderness was measured on steaks from 3 or 4 randomly selected steers from each pen and slice shear force (SSF) was determined on one steak selected from each side of the carcass after aging for 14 or 21 d. For feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and SSF, no dose × duration interactions were observed (P ≥ 0.11). With increasing RH dose, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas BW gain increased linearly with RH dose and duration (P ≤ 0.01). Hot carcass weight (P = 0.02) and longissimus muscle (LM) area (P ≤ 0.01) increased linearly with increasing RH dose. The percentage of carcasses in the USDA Yield Grade 2 category increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) and percentage of carcasses in the USDA Yield Grade 4 category tended (P = 0.08) to decrease linearly as RH dose increased. In the 14-d aged steaks, the percentage of steaks with SSF ≤ 15.3 kg decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas the percentage of steaks with ≥20.0 kg SSF increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing RH dose. After 21-d aging, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for a greater percentage of steaks from steers fed RH to have SSF ≥ 20.0 kg (2% of total steaks), but no difference (P ≥ 0.12) in the percentage of steaks with SSF ≤ 19.9 kg. Final chute temperament (P ≥ 0.45) and animal mobility (P ≥ 0.67) scores were not affected by feeding RH. Increasing the dose of RH (300 or 400 mg∙steer−1∙d−1) fed for 28 to 42 d before harvest increased ADG, G:F, hot carcass weight, and LM area when fed to Holstein steers with no negative effects on behavior or mobility. The percentage of steaks classified as not tender improved when steaks were aged for 21 d from steers treated with RH.

164 Effect of Supplemental Dl-met Above Requirement on Performance and Serum Concentration of Amino Acids in Heat Stressed Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales Trejo ◽  
Verónica Sánchez ◽  
Bayron Pérez ◽  
Lucero R Camacho ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The intestinal morphology can be compromised in pigs when exposed to heat stress (HS), partly due to increased production of reactive-oxygen species. Because methionine (Met) functions as intracellular antioxidant, requirement of Met may be increased in HS-pigs. The effect of dietary supplementation with DL-Met above requirement on performance and serum concentration (SC) of free AA in HS-pigs was evaluated. A basal wheat-soybean meal diet was formulated to meet 100% Met requirement with the other indispensable AA exceeding at least 20% their requirement. Sixty individually housed pigs (23.0 ± 2.4 kg BW, 12 pigs/treatment) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: TN100, thermal-neutral (22.7 °C) housed pigs fed the basal diet; HS100, HS120, HS140, HS160; HS pigs (29.6 to 39.4°C) fed the basal diet supplemented with DL-Met to contain 0, 20, 40, and 60% DL-Met above the requirement, respectively. Pigs had free access to feed and water during the 21-d trial. Blood samples were collected on d18 to analyze the absorptive AA-SC. The effect of ambient temperature (HS100 vs. TN100), as well as the linear and quadratic effects of increasing Met levels in the diets for HS pigs were analyzed. The performance results for the TN100, HS100, HS120, HS140, HS160 pigs were: Average daily gain (ADG), 728, 612, 720, 716, 719 g/d; average daily feed intake, 1.40, 1.34, 1.30, 1.30, 1.29 kg/d; gain:feed, 0.522, 0.474, 0.569, 0.563, 0.562, respectively. The ADG reduced (P &lt; 0.01) in HS100 compared with TN100 pigs, but linearly increased in HS-pigs, besides gain:feed (P ≤ 0.05), in response to DL-Met supplementation. The SC of Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, and Val were higher in HS100 pigs than in TN100 pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Graded supplemental DL-Met in diets for HS-pigs linearly decreased SC of Ile, Leu, and Val (P &lt; 0.05), tended to decrease His, Lys, and Thr (P &lt; 0.10), and increased Met (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, HS had negative effect on weight gain; however, it was ameliorated by adding 20% Met above the requirement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document