PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P< 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P< 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P< 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P< 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

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Effect of fermentation of soybean meal with varying protein solubility on ileal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14842 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 2023

Author(s):

Santi D. Upadhaya ◽

Je-hoon Ryu ◽

Kyung-il Kang ◽

Seong-Jun Cho ◽

In Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Solubility ◽

Latin Square ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Fermented Soybean Meal ◽

Fermented Soybean

Apparent ileal digestibility and standardised ileal digestibility of energy, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids were evaluated in five cannulated [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)] barrows with an initial bodyweight of 27.1 ± 0.58 kg in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Pigs were fed unfermented soybean meal (USM) as control and fermented soybean meal A, B and C (FSMA, FSMB and FSMC, respectively), with 52.4%, 62.0% and 71.8% protein solubility, respectively, and a nitrogen-free diet. The nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was greater (P < 0.05) in FMSC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB compared with the control. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine was greater in all fermented soybean meal whereas that of lysine was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMC compared with USM. Likewise, the apparent ileal digestibility of aspartic acid and proline was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMA and FSMC. The standardised ileal digestibility of crude protein and lysine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB whereas the standardised ileal digestibility of isoleucine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMA, FSMB and FSMC compared with USM. In conclusion, fermentation of soybean meal showed better digestibility compared with USM regardless of its protein solubility values.

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Effects of xylanase and antibiotic addition on ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of dietary nutrients and evaluating HCl-insoluble ash as a dietary marker in growing pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800055594 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 95-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Y.-L. Yin ◽

J.D. McEvoy ◽

H. Schulze ◽

K.J. McCracken

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Dietary Nutrients

AbstractThe effects of xylanase and antibiotic addition to the diet, and the use of HCl-insoluble ash as a marker, on ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of nutrients were studied with 12 growing pigs fitted with post-valvular T-caecum cannulae (PVTC). The results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) was high, (over 0·30). Xylanase, or antibiotics (Avoparcin) or xylanase plus antibiotics supplementation of the wheat middling-based diets did not significantly (P > 0·05) increase the ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of NSP, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), dry matter, crude protein, energy or amino acids. There were no significant (P > 0·05) differences between the HCl-insoluble ash and Cr2O3 recoveries at the ileal or at the faecal levels: proportionately, 0·864 and 0·911 for the ileal and faecal recoveries of HCl-insoluble ash, and 0·857 and 0. 915 for the ileal and faecal recoveries of Cr2O3, respectively.

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Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia-Cheng Yang ◽

Li Wang ◽

Ya-Kuan Huang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Rui Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Distal Ileum ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

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The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryane S F Oliveira ◽

John K Htoo ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Wheat Middlings ◽

The Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P < 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.05 and P < 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.

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Ileal digestibility of crude protein, amino acids, dry matter and phosphorous in pigs fed diets steam conditioned at low and high temperature, expander conditioned or extruder processed

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 172 (3-4) ◽

pp. 237-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K.K. Lundblad ◽

J.D. Hancock ◽

K.C. Behnke ◽

L.J. McKinney ◽

S. Alavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

High Temperature ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Protein Amino Acids

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Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960605775897704 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. PERTTILÄ ◽

J. VALAJA ◽

T. JALAVA

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Feed Protein ◽

Digestible Amino Acids

Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nitrogen excretion to the environment. The study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of amino acids in barley, wheat, oats, triticale, maize, and dehulled oats in the diets of 180 Ross broiler chickens (aged 2435 days). The birds were fed semi-purified diets that contained grain as the sole protein source and chromium-mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The AID coefficients of the nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique, and the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was determined using total excreta collection. The ileal digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter were the highest in maize. The AME of maize was higher than that of other cereals. The ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in wheat than that in barley, oats and dehulled oats. The AME of wheat was similar to that of barley and oats but lower than that of triticale and dehulled oats. The amino acid AID was highest in wheat (0.86) and triticale (0.85) and lowest in oats (0.79) and barley 0.77). The average amino acid AID was 0.81 in dehulled oats. The threonine AID was the same in all tested ingredients. The lysine, methionine, and cystine AID coefficients were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71 respectively for barley; 0.86, 0.84, and 0.38 respectively for oats; 0.87, 0.86, and 0.53 respectively for dehulled oats; 0.84, 0.90, and 0.66 respectively for maize; 0.89, 0.88, and 0.77 respectively for triticale; and 0.87, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively for wheat. Results indicated that AME values of domestic grains (barley, oats and wheat) are in the same level. Especially, low AME value of wheat needs further investigation.;

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Apparent total tract digestibility and ileal digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and amino acids in conventional, Bacillus subtilis-fermented and enzyme-treated soybean meal fed to weanling pigs

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/389/2014-vetmed ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 669-680

Author(s):

MM Hossain ◽

M. Begum ◽

JH Park ◽

SJ Lee ◽

KH Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility

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The effect of heat on amino acids for growing pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19940027 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 243-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. J. Van Barneveld ◽

E. S. Batterham ◽

B. W. Norton

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Growing Pig ◽

Field Peas ◽

Forced Air ◽

Growth Experiments

Two growth experiments were conducted to determine the effect of heat on the utilization of ileal-digestible lysine from field peas (Pisum sativum cultivar Dundale) fed to growing pigs. Five lysine-deficient diets (0.36 g ileal-digestible lysine/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using raw field peas, and field peas heated to either 110°, 135°, 150°, or 165° for 15 min respectively in a forced-air dehydrator. Additional diets were formulated with supplements of free lysine to verify that lysine was limiting in the diets containing the raw peas, and peas heated to 150° or 165°. The growth performance and retention of ileal-digestible lysine by pigs given the diets was determined over the 20–45 kg growth phase. Heat had a significant quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on growth rate, with responses declining from 543 g/d with pigs given the raw peas, to 407 g/d for those given the peas heated to 165°. Similarly, crude protein deposition declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) from 76 to 36 g/d for pigs fed on raw peas and peas heated to 165° respectively. Retention of ileal-digestible lysine was 0.85 in the pigs given the raw field peas and declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) with the application of heat to 0.48 in those pigs given the peas heated to 165°. Pigs fed on field peas heated to 165° had increased (P < 0.05) liver weights. The results indicate that heat applied to protein concentrates, even at mild temperatures, renders lysine in a form that is apparently absorbed but inefficiently utilized by the growing pig. Consequently, ileal digestibility values for lysine in heat-processed meals are unsuitable for diet formulations.

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Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9800627 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 627 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

AR Alimon ◽

DJ Farrell

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Peanut Meal ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

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