Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 1. Effects of protein source on flow rates of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids in digesta

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
High Concentrations

Eleven pigs were fed on one of six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Digesta were collected from the re-entrant cannulas at the mid-point and the terminal ileum of the small intestine at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 h after feeding. Measurements were made of flow rates of digesta, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids at both locations in the small intestine. Peak values were usually observed for all parameters, at 2 h and from 4 to 6 h after feeding, at the mid-point and the terminal ileum respectively. Flow rates and the amounts of components in digests were often characteristic of the protein source in the diet and the location of the cannula. High concentrations of some free amino acids were observed in digesta at the mid-point, and lower concentrations at the terminal ileum in the small intestine; the significance of endogenous secretions in the small intestine is discussed.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P< 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P< 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P< 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P< 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial concentration and apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4904-4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
R Scott Fry ◽  
Matthew E Kocher ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride improves nutrient digestibility and alters the concentration of microbial protein in the small intestine or large intestine by pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of DDGS (0% or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). A 2-period switch back design with the 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet in each period was used resulting in 12 replicate pigs per diet for the 2 periods. The initial 9 d of each period was considered an adaptation period to the experimental diets. For each period, feces were collected on days 10, 11, and 12, and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on days 13 and 14. Results indicated that inclusion of 45% DDGS to diets reduced (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and the AID and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In contrast, inclusion of DDGS to diets increased (P < 0.05) the AID and the ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and the concentration of microbial protein in the hindgut (P < 0.05). However, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in ileal digesta and in feces from pigs fed the DDGS diets were not different from concentrations in pigs fed diets without DDGS. The AID and ATTD of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein were not affected by dietary Cu concentrations, but the AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract were greater (P < 0.05) in diets supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride compared with diets without Cu hydroxychloride. There was also a reduction (P < 0.05) in the concentration of microbial protein and a tendency for a reduction (P < 0.10) in the total concentration of VFA in feces when diets were supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride. In conclusion, supplementation of Cu hydroxychloride to diets improved AID and ATTD of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and reduced the concentration of microbial protein in the large intestine and this effect was observed in diets containing DDGS as well as in diets without DDGS.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of conventional ingredients for the silver mojarra, Diapterus rhombeus

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Bastos de Souza ◽  
Érica Bevitório Passinato ◽  
Filipe Dos Santos Cipriano ◽  
Kauana Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Meal

Knowledge on the nutritional value of feed ingredient is an important step in the formulation of diets in order to maximize animal productivity. Thus a study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (ADCDM), crude protein (ADCCP), gross energy (ADCGE) and amino acids (ADCAA) of conventional feed ingredients for juvenile silver mojarra (13.0 ± 3.23 g). The study was conducted in the laboratory for nutrition and feeding of fish (AQUANUT), using 80 silver mojarra collected in nature, which were kept in digestibility aquaria for a period of 21 days. The following ingredients were evaluated: fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, corn gluten meal, rice bran, wheat bran and starch, which substituted 30% of a reference pelletized diet with 325.00 g kg-1 crude protein and 3,692 Kcal kg-1 gross energy. Additionally 1.0 g kg-1 chrome oxide was added to each diet as a marker. The excreta were obtained using three repetitions for each tested ingredient, which were dried for further analyses. The soybean meal showed the best ADCDM value (67.45%), followed by the other ingredients. There was no significant difference between the soybean meal (95.16%), fish meal (92.97%) and the corn meal (91.90%) for the best ADCCP coefficients. The ADCGE for soybean meal and maize meal were 65.23% and 60.31%, respectively, followed by fish meal (51.85%). The results demonstrate that silver mojarra can digest animal protein as well as that of vegetal origin. Silver mojarra can also efficiently digest and absorb some of the main amino acids of fish, such as lysine, methionine and threonine, from the same studied ingredients.

scholarly journals Digestion of protein in small and large intestine of the pig

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Holmes ◽  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
P. A. Leadbeater ◽  
F. D. Horney
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

1. Six 45 kg pigs with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used in two 3 × 3 Latin-square design experiments to study the site of absorption of protein and amino acids. Semi-purified diets containing soya-bean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) or no protein source (protein-free) were offered at the rate of 1 kg dry matter/d.2. Flow-rates of ileal contents for 24 h collection periods, corrected for recovery of marker, were 3135, 3127 and 1243 ml (SE 390) for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively.3. Amounts of dry matter digested in the small intestine were 730, 669 and 809 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001).4. Nitrogen intakes were 32·6, 29·9 and 5·9 g/d, and amounts digested in the small intestine were 25·7, 20·2 and 1·6 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001). Amounts digested in the large intestine were 2·6, 3·7 and 0·7 g/d.5. Total amino acid intakes and amounts collected at the ileum and in the faeces were (g/d): SBM, 177, 24 and 18; RSM, 149, 28 and 22; protein-free 3, 9 and 12. Digestibility in the small intestine was higher for SBM than RSM for seventeen of the eighteen amino acids estimated. Greater quantities of arginine, methionine, cystine and tyrosine were voided in the faeces than passed through the ileal cannulas for pigs receiving the SBM and RSM diets. For those receiving the protein-free diet this was true for each amino acid except proline.6. Significant differences were found between all diets in the concentration of some amino acids in ileal and faecal amino-N, and endogenous protein secretions did not mask the differences between diets.7. Differences in digestibility between SBM and RSM were greater at the ileum than in the faeces. Amino acid fermentation in the large intestine obscured or reduced differences between SBM and RSM.

Use of protein sources alternative to fish meal in diets with amino acids supplementation for the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Gallego ◽  
H. Akharbach ◽  
M. de la Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to test two different protein sources as alternatives to the commonly used fish meal (FM) in the diet of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Six experimental diets were tested in three replicated lots of European eels. All diets contained the same protein and energy content (ca, 300 g crude protein per kg dry matter and 18·5 MJ/kg, respectively) but differed in the nature of the protein source: FM was the only protein source in the control diet and was fully or partially (0–5: 0–5) replaced by meat meal (MM) or sunflower meal (SFM) in four other diets; a sixth diet included SFM as the only protein source but was supplemented with several essential amino acids. Food intake, fish growth and several indices of diet and protein utilization were measured. MM clearly was the poorest protein source while SFM could replace, at least 0·5 of the FM with no significant reduction in performance. In addition, the European eel was able to utilize the supplement of essential amino acids. The full-SFM diet was improved significantly when supplemented and results were not statistically different from the control FM-based diet. Overall, a good correlation was found between the results of each diet and the respective essential amino acid index, calculated using as reference the essential amino acid requirements previously defined for another eel species, Anguilla japonica. This index could be used as a reliable measure for an a priori evaluation of alternative protein sources to be included in commercial foods for eels.

The effect of weight stasis on the non-carcass components of crossbred sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Murray ◽  
O Slezacek
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Gross Energy

A study was made of the non-carcass components of 16 crossbred wethers (progeny of Dorset Horn rams and Border Leicester x Merino ewes) maintained at 30 kg liveweight for either 0,25, 50 or 75 days. Animals were individually penned and fed a pelleted ration of 80% lucerne chaff and 20% cereal grain (89.3% dry matter, 14.8% crude protein and 18.27 kJ/g gross energy). The weight of hooves increased significantly (P < 0.05) during weight stasis, while the weight of the liver decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as did the weight of the kidneys (P < 0.01). Neither head, skin, heart, lungs, spleen, pancreas nor total alimentary tract fat weight was influenced by weight stasis. The separate parts of the alimentary tract did not respond to the weight stasis treatment in the same manner. The weight of the rumen-reticulum, small intestine and large intestine each showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in weight. In contrast, neither omasum nor abomasum weight was affected by weight stasis. Total alimentary tract weight was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) by weight stasis. An evaluation of the weights of digesta in the separate parts of the alimentary tract showed that the weight of omasal contents increased significantly (P < 0.01) during weight stasis, while small intestine contents weight decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The weight of contents in either the rumen-reticulum, abomasum, large intestine or total alimentary tract was not influenced by weight stasis.

Cottonseed meal is a suitable replacement for soybean meal in supplements fed to Nellore heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Soares Martins ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽  
Daniel Mageste de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Insoluble Fibre

The objective was to evaluate the effect of substituting soybean meal with cottonseed meal in supplements containing 15% and 30% of crude protein (CP), as well as evaluate the effect of supplementation use, on the performance and nutritional status of Nellore heifers. Forty heifers that were 13 months old and 250 ± 4 kg were kept in five 2.5-ha paddocks covered with Brachiaria decumbens. They were compared as they received different supplements (1 kg/head.day) in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial – two protein sources (soybean and cottonseed meal) by two protein concentrations (15% and 30%) plus a Control treatment, which was a mineral mix only. The supplemented heifers showed greater weight gains, final bodyweight (P < 0.10) and higher intake of all evaluated nutrients (P < 0.10), as well as greater digestibility of these nutrients compared with those from the Control treatment. The animals fed supplements containing 15% CP had lower digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, CP and neutral detergent insoluble fibre corrected for ash and protein. These animals also had lower total digestible nutrients as compared with those which received a supplement containing 30% CP (P < 0.10). The treatments containing cottonseed meal provided greater dry matter digestibility (P < 0.10). Cottonseed meal can fully substitute soybean meal to grazing heifers during the rainy season. Supplements containing 30% of CP provided greater digestibility than 15% CP supplements. Supplemented animals had better performance.

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