scholarly journals PSV-28 Feeding Ractopamine Improves Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Lard-type Mangalica Pig

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 361-361
Author(s):  
Hunter R Smith ◽  
Maegan Reeves ◽  
Ellie Amerson ◽  
Jason T Sawyer ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Excessive Adiposity

Abstract Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork; however, the slow growth rate, poor lean yield and excessive adiposity exhibited by this breed limits its widespread adoption. Our objective was to determine if feeding Ractopamine (RAC), a metabolic modifier that improves feed efficiency and lean yield, would improve growth performance without impairing pork quality in the Mangalica. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n = 28) weighing 73 kg were fed a standard grower ration supplemented with either 0 or 22 ppm RAC for 21 days during which daily feed intakes and weekly body weights were recorded for all animals. Then pigs were finished to a 105 kg harvest weight. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were ribbed at the 10th rib to facilitate pork quality and carcass composition measurements. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. As hypothesized, RAC increased ADG (P < 0.04) and feed efficiency (P < 0.03) 24% and 21% respectively. However, unexpectedly, RAC failed to suppress voluntary feed intake (P > 0.71). Interestingly RAC increased LEA (P < 0.0001) by 21% but did not impact 10th rib fat depth (P > 0.90) or marbling score (P > 0.77). Likewise, RAC failed to alter any primal cut weights. Feeding RAC lowered b* values (P < 0.04) and tended to lower L* values (P < 0.08) while not affecting a* values (P > 0.30) suggesting RAC darkened loin color. Finally, RAC improved cook loss percentage (P < 0.02) 11% while not impacting WBSF (P > 0.31). Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that feeding RAC to the lard type Mangalica pig improves growth performance without impairing pork quality in this breed. Feeding RAC may be a viable strategy to improve the economic feasibility of utilizing this breed to target niche markets.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Stress Weaning on Calf Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gubbels ◽  
R. R. Salverson ◽  
K. M. Cammack ◽  
J. K. Grubbs ◽  
K. R. Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration ◽  
Wire Fence ◽  
Α Level

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the influence of two low stress weaning methods with conventional weaning on post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers.Materials and MethodsAngus × Simmental crossbred steer calves (n = 90) from a single source were stratified by body weight and dam age into three groups; one treatment was randomly assigned to each group: ABRUPT (calves isolated from dams on the day of weaning), FENCE (calves separated from dams via a barbed wire fence for 7 d prior to completely weaning), and NOSE (nose-flap inserted and calves remained with dams for 7 d prior to completely weaning). At d +7 post-weaning calves were transported to a commercial feedlot where they received standard step-up and finishing rations typical for a Northern Plains feedlot. To understand the influence of each weaning method on haptoglobin (an acute-phase protein), blood samples were collected via coccygeal venipuncture at d –7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), and +7 (PostWean) from a subsample of calves (n = 10 per treatment) and analyzed using a bovine haptoglobin ELISA kit. Body weights (BW) were recorded on study d –34 (PreWean), –7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), 7 (PostWean), 32 (Receiving), 175 (Ultrasound), and 253 (Final) and average daily gains (ADG) were calculated between each time period. On d 175 post-weaning BW were recorded, and ultrasound fat thickness and intramuscular fat were determined and utilized to project marketing dates. Carcass measurements were recorded at the time of harvest and included hot carcass weight, 12th rib backfat, ribeye area, USDA Yield Grade and Quality Grade, and marbling score. Haptoglobin, BW, and ADG data were analyzed as repeated measures using the ante-dependence covariance structure in the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) for effects of weaning treatment, day, and their interaction; birth weight was included as a covariate for ADG and BW. Carcass traits were analyzed for the effect of weaning treatment using the MIXED procedure. Separation of least-squares means was performed using LSD with a Tukey’s adjustment and assuming an α level of 0.05.ResultsWeaning method interacted (P < 0.0001) with time period for ADG and BW. Calf BW increased in all treatments until the PostWean period, wherein BW decreased (P < 0.0001) in ABRUPT and NOSE and was maintained (P > 0.05) in FENCE. From the Receiving to Final time periods BW increased similarly (P > 0.05) for all treatments. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.01) in calves in the NOSE treatment at Weaning than ABRUPT or FENCE. In the PostWean period, the FENCE calves had ADG that was not different (P > 0.05) than zero but was greater (P < 0.0001) than the negative ADG of ABRUPT and NOSE calves. During the Receiving period ADG was greater (P < 0.05) for ABRUPT compared to NOSE and FENCE. Time influenced (P < 0.001) haptoglobin concentration. No difference in haptoglobin was observed between the PreTreat and Weaning or PostWean periods; however, haptoglobin concentration was greater (P < 0.001) at PostWean compared to Weaning. Weaning method did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass measurements.ConclusionCollectively these data suggest low stress weaning methods do not significantly improve post-weaning growth performance or carcass merit compared to calves weaned using conventional methods.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

scholarly journals The Effects of Dietary Fat on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition, and Feed Efficiency in the Broiler Chick ,

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICKEY A. LATOUR ◽  
E. DAVID PEEBLES ◽  
CAROLYN R. BOYLE ◽  
J.D. BRAKE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Broiler Chick

scholarly journals PSIX-19 Effects of ValiMP® supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
Min Young Park ◽  
Sun-woo Choi ◽  
Jonggun Kim ◽  
Minjin Kwak ◽  
Kwang-Youn Whang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle

Abstract ValiMP® is a mixture of phytochemical compounds containing manganese. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of ValiMP® on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. The trial was conducted in a 2x3 factorial design with two levels of CP (LP, 15% or HP, 16%), and three types of supplements (Control; 10 ppm ractopamine; or 0.25% ValiMP®). Dietary treatments were: LC (Low CP+control), LR (Low CP+ractopamine), LV (Low CP+ValiMP®), HC (High CP+control), HR (High CP+ractopamine), HV (High CP+ValiMP®). A total of 144 growing pigs at 50 kg initial body weight (BW) were allotted and fed one of the experimental diets for 70 days. But ractopamine in LR and HR treatments was supplemented during the last 35 days. BW and feed intake were measured weekly, and pork quality was determined in longissimus dorsi muscle. All values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA procedure of SAS 9.4 software and differences at P &lt; 0.05 level were considered significantly different. Results showed dietary ractopamine or ValiMP® supplementation numerically promoted growth performance compared to control in HP treatments, although the extent was lesser in ValiMP® treatment. Ractopamine or ValiMP® also improved carcass composition in HP compared to LP. Lean percentage in HR was higher than in LR by 4.3%, and it was greater in HV than in LV by 5.9%, (P &lt; 0.05). These changes occurred at the expense of fat percentage (P &lt; 0.05). Among pork quality criteria, water-holding capacity determined by filter-paper fluid uptake method was significantly lower in HV than those in HC and HR (P &lt; 0.05). Warner-Bratzler shear force, an indicative for meat tenderness, exhibited lower values in HV and HC than that in HR (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, our results suggest ValiMP® improves growth performance and carcass composition with lesser extent to ractopamine, and pork quality more than ractopamine.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding transgenic canola on apparent digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Transgenic Canola

This study evaluated the effects of including meal from glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola (RRC) in barley-based diets for lambs on apparent digestibility of the diets, growth performance of the lambs, and carcass quality and composition. Four isonitrogenous diets were prepared that included canola meal [6.5%, dry matter (DM) basis] from four different sources (two commercially available canola blends, COM1 and COM2; a transgenic line, RRC and the parental non-transgenic line from which RRC was derived, PAR). Apparent digestibilities of the four diets were determined using eight mature wethers (67.8 ± 2.3 kg) in a replicated Latin square with four 21-d periods. No aspect of digestibility (DM, fibre, or nitrogen balance) was influenced by canola source. The growth trial involved 60 early-weaned Arcott lambs (30 ewes; 30 wethers; initial age approximately 2 mo; initial weight 21.5 ± 1.0 kg). The lambs were blocked by weight and gender for assignment to treatments, and fed the diets until reaching or exceeding 45 kg body weight. Intake of DM was similar among lambs fed COM1, COM2 and PAR diets, and between PAR and RRC (COM1, COM2 > RRC, P < 0.05). Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) average daily gain or feed efficiency. Carcass yield grade was higher (P < 0.05) for COM1 and COM2 diets than for PAR or RRC, although carcass composition did not differ (P > 0.05) between PAR and RRC. Canola source did not affect (P > 0.05) meat tenderness, as determined by shear force, drip loss or intramuscular fat content. Meat colour o f RRC-fed lambs did not differ from that of all other treatment groups. In this study, including canola meal prepared from glyphosate-tolerant canola did not alter diet digestibility, feed efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality of lambs. Key words: Growth, lambs, meat quality, ruminant, transgenic canola

scholarly journals Nutritional approaches to slow late finishing pig growth: implications on carcass composition and pork quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Jason W Ross ◽  
John F Patience ◽  
Steven M Lonergan ◽  
Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Facility Capacity

Abstract Although pork producers typically aim to optimize growth rates, occasionally it is necessary to slow growth, such as when harvest facility capacity is limited. In finishing pigs, numerous dietary strategies can be used to slow growth so pigs are at optimal slaughter body weights when harvest facility capacity and/or access is restored. However, the impact of these diets on pork carcass quality is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary strategies to slow growth in late finishing pigs and evaluate their effects on carcass composition and pork quality. Mixed-sex pigs (n = 897; 125 ± 2 kg BW) were randomly allotted across 48 pens and assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): (1) Control diet representative of a typical finisher diet (CON); (2) diet containing 3% calcium chloride (CaCl2); (3) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal (Corn); (4) diet deficient in isoleucine (LowIle); (5) diet containing 15% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from soybean hulls (15% NDF); and (6) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF). Over 42 d, pen body weights and feed disappearance were collected. Pigs were harvested in 3 groups (14, 28, and 42 d on feed) and carcass data collected. From the harvest group, 1 loin was collected from 120 randomly selected carcasses (20 loins/treatment) to evaluate pork quality traits. Overall, ADG was reduced in CaCl2, Corn, and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON pigs (P &lt; 0.001). However, ADFI was only reduced in CaCl2 and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON (P &lt; 0.001). Feed efficiency was reduced in CaCl2 and Corn pigs compared with CON (P &lt; 0.001). Hot carcass weights were reduced in CaCl2 pigs at all harvest dates (P &lt; 0.001) and were reduced in Corn and 20% NDF pigs at days 28 and 42 compared with CON pigs (P &lt; 0.001). In general, CaCl2 and 20% NDF diets resulted in leaner carcasses, whereas the Corn diet increased backfat by 42 d on test (P &lt; 0.05). Loin pH was reduced and star probe increased in CaCl2 pigs compared with CON pigs (P &lt; 0.05); no treatments differed from CON pigs regarding drip loss, cook loss, color, firmness, or marbling (P ≥ 0.117). Overall, these data indicate that several dietary strategies can slow finishing pig growth without evidence of behavioral vices. However, changes to carcass composition and quality were also observed, indicating quality should be taken into consideration when choosing diets to slow growth.

Effect of trenbolene acetate/estradiol implants and estrus suppression on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef heifers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Popp ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
W. J. Burgevitz ◽  
R. A. Kemp ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate

The effects of estrus suppression (none, oral melengestrol acetate (0.4 mg d−1) or ovariectomy via Willis spay technique) and an anabolic implant (none or Synovex Plus®) on growth performance and carcass characteristics were determined using 90 beef heifers of composite breeding in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment conducted in the last 50 d before slaughter. Spaying caused no morbidity or mortality and resulted in average daily gains (1.37 kg d−1) comparable to heifers fed melengestrol acetate (1.33 kg d−1). Implanting improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and increased (P < 0.05) animal gain, ribeye area, carcass weight and yield and reduced (P < 0.05) intramuscular fat deposition but estrus suppression did not. Method of estrus suppression did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass traits. Spaying and implanting represent an effective means of improving returns from heifers, even late in the finishing period. Key words: Ovariectomy, implants, beef heifers, carcass composition

Ractopamine supplementation increases lean deposition in entire and immunocastrated male pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Moore ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
D. P. Hennessy ◽  
D. N. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Total Tissue ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

Sixty entire male pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc crossbred) were individually reared from 45 to 114 kg liveweight in a 2 by 3 factorial experiment to determine the interactive effects of sex (entire male pigs v. male pigs immunologically castrated using Improvac with vaccinations administered at 13 weeks of age and 5 weeks before slaughter) and a ractopamine feeding program (constantly fed 0 or 5 ppm ractopamine for 26 days before slaughter v. a step-up program where 5 ppm of ractopamine was fed for 14 days followed by 10 ppm ractopamine for the final 12 days before slaughter) on growth performance, carcass composition and pork quality. Following the second vaccination, immunocastrated pigs ate more (P < 0.001) and grew faster (P < 0.05) than entire male pigs without affecting feed conversion efficiency. Dietary ractopamine supplementation for the last 26 days before slaughter improved feed conversion ratio (P = 0.024) and daily gain (P = 0.046). Dietary ractopamine supplementation also increased carcass total tissue (P = 0.023) and total lean (P = 0.027) content without affecting the objective meat quality (P > 0.05) in both entire and immunocastrated male pigs. The effects of dietary ractopamine and immunocastration were additive, such that pigs that were immunocastrated and received ractopamine grew 18% faster than control entire males. However, a step-up program of ractopamine supplementation did not provide further improvements in growth performance and carcass composition when compared with constant 5 ppm ractopamine supplementation. These findings indicate that ractopamine supplementation improved growth performance in entire and immunocastrated male pigs, thereby offering a means of improving growth performance of entire males without detrimental effects on pork quality.

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