scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

scholarly journals SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ THÀNH PHẦN THÂN THỊT CỦA CÁC TỔ HỢP BÒ LAI GIỮA BÒ CÁI LAI BRAHMAN VỚI CÁC GIỐNG BÒ ĐỰC CHAROLAIS, DROUGHTMASTER VÀ RED ANGUS GIAI ĐOẠN VỖ BÉO NUÔI TẠI TỈNH QUẢNG NGÃI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyễn Thị Mỹ ◽  
◽  
Tuấn Nguyễn Quang ◽  
Phùng Lê Đình ◽  
Dũng Đinh Văn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Daily Gain

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng, thành phần thân thịt xẻ của 3 tổ hợp bò lai hướng thịt giữa bò cái nền Lai Brahman với các giống bò đực Charolais, Droughtmaster và Red Angus giai đoạn vỗ béo nuôi tại tỉnh Quảng Ngãi. Nghiên cứu thực hiện trên 18 bò lai (6 bò/tổ hợp lai) 18 tháng tuổi, thời gian nuôi 3 tháng. Kết thúc giai đoạn nuôi, 4 bò/tổ hợp lai được mổ để đánh giá năng suất thịt. Kết quả cho thấy, các tổ hợp bò lai Charolais × Lai Brahman, Droughmaster × Lai Brahman và bò Red Angus × Lai Brahman có khối lượng lúc 21 tháng tuổi lần lượt là 523,7; 465 và 484 kg/con, tăng khối lượng trung bình sau 3 tháng nuôi của 3 tổ hợp bò lai lần lượt là 1.282; 1.039 và 1.134 g/ngày. Khối lượng thịt xẻ (kg/con) và tỷ lệ thịt xẻ (% khối lượng giết mổ) tương ứng với các tổ hợp bò lai Charolais × Lai Brahman, Droughmaster × Lai Brahman và bò Red Angus × Lai Brahman lần lượt là 312,6; 275,6 và 295,5 kg và 60,6; 60,3 và 62,1%; Tỷ lệ thịt tinh của ba tổ hợp bò lai lần lượt tương ứng là 45,2%; 43,9% và 42,6%. Trong 3 tổ hợp lai thì xu hướng năng suất thịt xẻ của tổ hợp bò lai Charolais × Lai Brahman là cao nhất, tiếp đến là bò lai Red Angus × Lai Brahman, thấp nhất là bò lai Droughtmaster × Lai Brahman. Các tổ hợp bò lai hướng thịt này nên được nhân rộng tại Quảng Ngãi và các địa phương có điều kiện chăn nuôi tương tự. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine growth performance, carcass composition of 3 beef crossbreds between Brahman crossbred cows and Charolais, Red Angus or Droughtmaster bulls in Quang Ngai. A total of 18 crossbred cattle (6 head/crossbred genotype) were used for fattening from 18 to 21 months of age. After the fattening period, 4 most representative cattle per genotype were slaughtered to evaluate meat performance and carcass composition. The results showed that Charolais × Lai Brahman, Droughtmaster × Lai Brahman and Red Angus × Lai Brahman crossbred cattle had a body weight of 523.7, 465.0 and 484.3 kg at 21 months old, respectively, average daily gain in fattening period of 3 beef crossbred genotypes were 1282, 1039 and 1134 g/day, respectively. The carcass weight and percentage of Charolais × Lai Brahman, Droughmaster × Lai Brahman and Red Angus × Lai Brahman were 312.6, 275.6 and 295.5 kg and 60.6, 60.3 and 62.1%, respectively. The percentage of meat of three crossbreds was 45.2, 43.9 and 42.6% body weight, respectively. Charolais × Lai Brahman had the highest beef performance, then Red Angus × Lai Brahman, and last was . These results could be concluded that the three crossbreds should be raised in Quang Ngai and other localities with similar farming conditions.

Pen enrichment and sex interaction on growth performance and metabolite concentrations of autochthonous Windsnyer pigs kept in a high stocking density

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Mkwanazi ◽  
A.T. Kanengoni ◽  
M. Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the study was to determine the interaction of pen enrichment and sex on growth performance and blood metabolite concentrations of Windsnyer pigs. Forty-eight growing Windsnyer pigs of both sexes, with an average initial body weight of 21.6 (±9.01) kg were used. Daily feed intake and weekly body weights for each pen were measured. Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. Pen environment did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain. There was a pen environment and sex interaction on ADFI. Females in barren pens had higher ADFI than enriched females but ADFI in barren and enriched pens was similar for male pigs. Pigs in enriched environment were more efficient in converting feed into body weight than those in barren environment. There was an interaction of pen environment and sex on glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and alkaline phosphatase. Enriched males had higher albumin than males in barren environment. Enriched females had higher BUN than females in barren environment. It was concluded that enriched Windsnyer pigs housed at a density of 0.39 m2 per pig, particularly females, perform better than those in barren environments.

scholarly journals 93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Ellen M Herring ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Jeremy G Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Silage Inoculant ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF STOCKING RATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO HYBRIDS OF COMMERCIAL BROILERS IN THE HUMID TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
K. Benyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of four stocking rates (0.070, 0.093, 0.116 and 0.140m2/ bird) on the performance of two hybrids of commercial broilers were investigated. There were significant hybrid effects on initial and final body weights (P< 0.01) and on feed effici­ency (P <0.05) but not on average daily gain and feed consumption and mortality. Stocking effects which were not signi­ficant for initial body weight, feed efficiency and mortality were highly significant for final body weight, average daily gain and feed consumption, (P < 0.01). There were significant interactions bet­ween hybrid and stocking rate for average daily gain (P <0.01) and mortality (P < 0.05). It is suggested that in the humid tropics, the stocking rates of 0.116 and 0.140m2/ bird would be appropriate for rearing broilers. The results of the study also show­ed that different hybrids do vary on space requirements in respect • of certain produc­tion traits.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding high yielding fodders on growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal goat

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the feeding effect of high yielding fodders (HYF) on feed intake and growth performance of growing Hilly Brown Bengal (HBB) goat. For this purpose, a feeding trail was conducted with 16 growing HBB kids (4 to 5 months) by dividing equally in four groups having four replicates for a period of 75 days. The goats in group T0 (control) received natural grass along with 101.30g concentrates and adlibitum cowpea hay, whereas in group T1, T2 and T3, only natural grass was replaced by BLRI Napier 3, BLRI Napier 4 and Ruzi fodder, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI), roughages DMI, crude protein intake (CP), body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and forth night body weight gain (g/day) were studied. Results revealed that, DMI (288.39, 285.71, 293.48 and 301.35 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), body weight gain (3.60, 3.74, 3.73 and 3.77 kg in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively), average daily gain (47.32, 49.16, 49.12 and 48.92 g in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and feed conversion ratio (6.2, 5.9, 6.0 and 6.1 in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) of HBB kids were not differed significantly (P>0.05) for all the treatment groups. The DMI from roughages (196.2, 193.5, 201.3 and 209.2 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and CP intake (38.7, 42.1, 48.3 and 38.8 g/day in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively) were significantly varied (P<0.05), while highest CP intake was found in the treatment group T2. Forthnight body weight (g/day) was not significantly (P>0.05) gained with feeding of HYF for all the treatment groups. From this study, it can be concluded that, growing HBB kids could equally be supplied with either BLRI Napier 3 or BLRI Napier 4 or Ruzi fodder in addition to ad libitum cowpea hay for better voluntary feed intake and growth. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 73-81

scholarly journals Effects of immunocastration on growth performance, body composition, meat quality, and boar taint

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
R. Stupka ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
K. Vehovský ◽  
K. Zadinová ◽  
M. Okrouhlá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Large White ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

The study objective was to evaluate the effect of immunocastration in the period between the first and second vaccinations and subsequently between the second vaccination and slaughter on growth performance, carcass composition, meat quality, and boar taint, and compare results in immunocastrated males (IC), uncastrated boars (UCM), surgically castrated barrows (CM), and gilts (FE). The study included 70 pigs of the Duroc × (Large White × Landrace) crossbreed. Upon the overall assessment of the selected fattening indicators (average daily gain, feed intake), significant differences between CM and the other groups were demonstrated. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found between the IC, UCM, and FE groups. In this test, immunocastrates showed no negative effect from the second vaccination in relation to those carcass value indicators evaluated in comparison with UCM and FE. CM showed adversely lower carcass value parameters compared the other groups. No significant differences in pH, meat colour, drip loss, shear force, and intramuscular fat were found. The values of these indicators obtained for IC converged with those measured in UCM and FE. It was demonstrated that immunocastration prevented the occurrence of undesired boar taint. Androstenone decreased by 77% and skatole by 71% in IC as compared to UCM.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary copper supplementation on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, and growth rate of young female mink (Neovison vison)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Z. Wu ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
H.-T. Liu ◽  
Z.-Y. Yue ◽  
X.-H. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and growth performance of mink were affected by different dietary copper levels. Ninety-six 60-day-old healthy female minks were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups with 12 animals in each group and fed a diet supplemented with either 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 mg/kg copper as CuSO<sub>4 </sub>&times; 5H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. Our data showed that body weight and average daily gain increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet, the highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the Cu32 group. Feed : gain ratio responded in a linear (P = 0.0025) fashion with increasing level of Cu, the lowest feed : gain ratio was seen in the Cu64 group. Digestibility of ether extract responded in a linear (P = 0.0190) fashion with increasing level of Cu. There were no differences in apparent digestibility of dry matter, CP, and gross energy among groups (P &gt; 0.05). N retention linearly (P = 0.0363) responded to increasing levels of Cu. Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet; the highest glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were seen in the Cu256 group. Total protein of the minks was similar among the treatments, however, albumin in serum responded in a linear (P = 0.0370) and quadratic (P = 0.0049) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of ceruloplasmin responded in a linear (P = 0.0001) and quadratic (P = 0.0203) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase responded in a linear (P = 0.0010) fashion with increasing level of Cu. Our results indicate that supplemental Cu plays an important role in the growth performance of mink, helping young female mink digest and efficiently utilize added dietary fat. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Study on growth traits at weaning and yearling stages of indigenous and F1 crossbred buffalo in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Md Shahjahan ◽  
Asma Khatun ◽  
Sumya Khatun ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
Sohrab Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Gain Measurement ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Imported Semen

This study was planned to clarify the variation of body weight and average daily gain traits in both indigenous and F1 crossbreed (Local×Mediterranean) buffalo at weaning (sixth month) and yearling stages (twelfth month). Data were collected from 33 indigenous and 35 F1 crossbred buffalo progeny during the period of 2011 to 2014 with intensive management system at Research and Development farm of Lal Teer Livestock Limited in Bangladesh. The gathered data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) and independent sample t test. The effect of parity, sex, season and breeding year on body weight and average daily gain were observed where significant values found in breeding period (p <0.01) of crossbred buffalo for body weight. It might be the reason of crossbreeding to indigenous buffalo cows using imported semen with better genetic merit. The parity (p <0.05), season (p <0.05) and breeding period (p <0.01) were also significant for average daily gain measurement which suggesting environmental adaptability beside additive genetic effects. Body weights were measured at weaning and yearling stages for both local (113 to 195 kg) and F1 crossbred (144 to 220 kg) buffalo progeny to screen the elite offspring for the Genetic Farm and Bull station. Similarly, average daily gain observed 469 to 457 g and 600 to 506 g at the previously mentioned two stages for both local and F1 buffalos, respectively. It was observed that studied traits were comparatively better in F1 buffalo progeny than indigenous. The comparison of average daily weight gains between indigenous and F1 buffalos at weaning and yearling periods showed significant differences for body weight (p <0.001) and average daily gain (p <0.05), respectively. It is concluded that genetic gain might be possible in local buffalo population by grading up process which could switch the traditional buffalo rearing to commercial level as well as meeting the nutritional demand of country people.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 499-503

scholarly journals The effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals on the growth performance and carcass quality of grower/finisher pigs: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4619-4624
Author(s):  
Sandra J A van Kuijk ◽  
Marc Jacobs ◽  
Coen H M Smits ◽  
Yanming Han
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Mineral Sources

Abstract The current study compared the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) with the effect of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) on growth performance and carcass quality in grower-finisher pigs. The results of 6 studies conducted throughout Europe were combined into one meta-analysis. All included studies were performed using pigs from about 19 kg of body weight until slaughter. In all studies, 2 different mineral sources were compared, HTM and sulfates as ITM. Zn from either HTM or ITM was added at a level of 80 ppm to the diet, and Cu was added at a level of 15 ppm from the same source as Zn. In most studies, an additional treatment was included in which 20 ppm Zn was used from either source in combination with 15 ppm Cu from the same source. Diets were fed in 3 phases according to local commercial standards. The body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed ratio were measured at the end of each phase. At the end of each study, the carcass yield, back fat thickness, and lean meat percentage were measured at commercial slaughterhouses. The meta-analysis was conducted using a MIXED model in SAS taking into account the within-study and between-study variation. The comparison was done only between HTM and ITM added at the same Zn level. No statistical differences were observed for growth performance or carcass characteristics between the mineral sources in pigs fed 20 ppm Zn. When 80 ppm Zn was used, a significant improvement in lean meat percentage was observed in pigs fed HTM compared with pigs fed ITM. In the overall study period, there was a tendency towards an increased gain:feed ratio in pigs fed 80 ppm Zn from HTM. In the last feeding phase, before slaughter gain:feed ratio and average daily gain were both significantly improved by 3.9%. In conclusion, HTM addition improved growth performance and lean meat percentage in grower-finisher pigs.

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