50 Long-term Motility of Semen Following Breeding Soundness Exams for Yearling Beef Bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
Garrett R Seltzer ◽  
Ashley R Hartman ◽  
Sharon K Tucker ◽  
David M Grieger
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Breeding Soundness ◽  
Over Time

Abstract To find an in vitro predictor of in vivoM/em> semen motility prompted this study. Our objective was to evaluate semen motility for an 8-hour period immediately following a breeding soundness exam. Ejaculates from 52 Angus and 56 Charolais bulls were evaluated. Motility, morphology, scrotal circumference and pH of ejaculate were evaluated at the time of collection. Ejaculates were then extended using a one to one ratio and incubated in a water bath held at 37 degrees Celsius and evaluated hourly. Motility was evaluated hourly for 8 hours, or until motility of the sample reached zero. Data were analyzed for breed and hourly effects using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. There was statistical evidence for difference (P < 0.0001) between breeds for motility over time. Angus ejaculates had higher pH values than Charolais ejaculates showing an association between breed and pH (6.82 vs 6.76, respectively). Primary spermatozoa abnormalities were greater (P < 0.0001) for Angus bulls compared to Charolais bulls (13.33% vs. 10.91%, respectively). Scrotal circumference between breeds tended to be different (P < 0.07), with Charolais bulls having a larger scrotal circumference compared to Angus bulls (38.29 vs. 38.03 centimeters, respectively). There was no difference (P > 0.05) between breeds for secondary abnormalities. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between breed and time of motility measurement. Angus bull’s motility decreased drastically until hour 4, it then had a more gradual decrease until hour 8. Charolais bulls had a more gradual decrease in the percentage of motile sperm over time. In conclusion, there was evidence for difference between breeds for pH, primary spermatozoa abnormalities, and long-term motility, and a scrotal tendency. Understanding the effects of breed and individual biological factors may help producers adjust BSE expectations and lead to future research in long term semen motility.

A Downward Spiral? A Panel Study of Misinformation and Media Trust in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110252
Author(s):  
Sebastián Valenzuela ◽  
Daniel Halpern ◽  
Felipe Araneda
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time

Despite widespread concern, research on the consequences of misinformation on people's attitudes is surprisingly scant. To fill in this gap, the current study examines the long-term relationship between misinformation and trust in the news media. Based on the reinforcing spirals model, we analyzed data from a three-wave panel survey collected in Chile between 2017 and 2019. We found a weak, over-time relationship between misinformation and media skepticism. Specifically, initial beliefs on factually dubious information were negatively correlated with subsequent levels of trust in the news media. Lower trust in the media, in turn, was related over time to higher levels of misinformation. However, we found no evidence of a reverse, parallel process where media trust shielded users against misinformation, further reinforcing trust in the news media. The lack of evidence of a downward spiral suggests that the corrosive effects of misinformation on attitudes toward the news media are less serious than originally suggested. We close with a discussion of directions for future research.

Abstract 5402: Two Photon Microscopy Measurements Of Sub-epicardial Sarcomere Length In Perfused Rat Hearts

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Camelliti ◽  
Gil Bub ◽  
Daniel J Stuckey ◽  
Christian Bollensdorff ◽  
Damian J Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Over Time

Sarcomere length (SL) is a fundamental parameter underlying the Frank Starling relation in the heart, as it offers an absolute representation of myocardial stretch. Previous studies addressed the Frank Starling relation by measuring SL in isolated myocytes or muscle strips. Here, we report first data obtained using a novel technique to measure sub-epicardial SL in perfused hearts. Rat hearts were Langendorff perfused (normal Tyrode solution) at a constant pressure of 90mmHg, labeled with the fluorescent membrane marker di-4-ANEPPS, and then arrested with high-K + Tyrode for either 2-photon microscopy (n=4) or MRI (n=4). Image analysis software was developed to extract SL at the cell level from >1,400 2-photon images (Fig 1 ) and correct for cell angle. SL increased by 10±2 % between 30 and 80 min of perfusion (1.98±0.04 to 2.17±0.03 μm; p<0.05; Fig 1 ). Measurements of left ventricular myocardial volume (LVMV) were made in vivo and in perfused hearts using 3D MRI. LVMV increased by 24±7% from in vivo to 30 min of perfusion, and by 11±3 % between 30 and 90 min (539±35; 664±44; 737±49 mm 3 , respectively; p<0.05; Fig 1 ). We show that SL can be measured in isolated perfused hearts. The method allowed monitoring of changes in SL over time, and showed that SL and LVMV increase to a similar extent during 30–80 min perfusion with crystalloid solution, probably due to tissue oedema. This result, together with the increase in LVMV during the first 30 min, highlights the pronounced differences between in vivo , in situ , and in vitro model systems for studies of cardiac physiology and mechanics. Future research will compare changes in SL in healthy hearts and disease models involving contractile dysfunction. Figure 1: Left: 2-photon microscopy image of di-4-ANEPPS labeled myocardium. Right: SL and LVMV changes over time.

scholarly journals The Long-term Effects of Instruction on EFL Learners' Use of Complaining Formulas

10.29007/5xsb ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Martínez-Flor ◽  
Esther Usó-Juan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Over Time

Studies analysing the positive role of pragmatic instruction in formal settings have increased over the last decades. Within this area of interventional pragmatics, some studies have particularly examined whether the effectiveness of the instruction implemented is sustained over time. In order to shed more light on the long-term effects of instruction, this research investigates English as a Foreign Language learners’ use of complaining formulas not only after immediately receiving instruction, but also two months later. Results show that learners keep using a variety of appropriate complaining formulas two months after having participated in the instructional period. These findings are discussed and directions for future research suggested.

Aging Couples: Benefits and Costs of Long Intimate Relations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Michalowski ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
Christiane A. Hoppmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Over Time

Aging does not occur in isolation, but often involves significant others such as spouses. Whether such dyadic associations involve gains or losses depends on a myriad of factors, including the time frame under consideration. What is beneficial in the short term may not be so in the long term, and vice versa. Similarly, what is beneficial for one partner may be costly for the other, or the couple unit over time. Daily dynamics between partners involving emotion processes, health behaviors, and collaborative cognition may accumulate over years to affect the longer-term physical and mental health outcomes of either partner or both partners across adulthood and into old age. Future research should move beyond an individual-focused approach to aging and consider the importance of and interactions among multiple time scales to better understand how, when, and why older spouses shape each other’s aging trajectories, both for better and for worse.

Long-term in vitro transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite to goethite/hematite at 4, 10, 15 and 25°C

Clay Minerals ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schwertmann ◽  
H. Stanjek ◽  
H.-H. Becher
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
In Vitro Transformation ◽  
Zero Point Of Charge ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract2-line ferrihydrite stored in water at ambient temperatures from 4 to 25°C and at ten different pH values between 2.5 and 12 for up to 10–12 y transformed to both goethite and hematite at all temperatures and pH values except at pH 12 where only goethite was formed. The rate and degree of transformation (20–100%) increased with increasing pH and temperature. The hematite/ (hematite+goethite) ratio varied between 0 and ~0.8, increased with increasing temperature and showed a strong maximum at pH 7–8 which increased from 0.1–0.2 at 4°C to 0.7–0.8 at 25°C. The maximum coincides with the zero point of charge of ferrihydrite where its solubility and, thus, its via-solution transformation rate to goethite are minimal. We assume, therefore, that in this pH-range the (slower) via-solution transformation to hematite can more efficiently compete with that to goethite.

scholarly journals Can we always trust rhinomanometry?

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Helle L. Thulesius ◽  
Anders Cervin ◽  
Max Jessen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nasal Stuffiness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Active Anterior Rhinomanometry

Objectives: Rhinomanometry before and after decongestion distinguishes a nasal airway organic stenosis from congestion of nasal mucosa in patients with nasal stuffiness. Together with rhinoscopy and patient history, it is used to decide if nasal surgery would benefit the patient. Rhinomanometry measurements should thus be reliable and reproducible. Materials and methods: We performed repetitive active anterior rhinomanometry in 9 persons during 5 months to test reproducibility of nasal airway resistance (NAR) over time. We also did test-retest measurements in several participants. Xylometazoline hydrochloride was applied in each nasal cavity to minimize effects of mucosal variation and the nasal cavity was examined with rhinoscopy. The participants evaluated subjective nasal stuffiness on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The long term mean coefficient of variation (CV) of NAR over time was 27% for the whole group while the short term CV was 7 - 17% for test-retest within an hour. Mean NAR reduction after decongestion was 33%, but 13% of NAR values were not reduced after decongestion. Participants had difficulties estimating stuffiness on a VAS in 15% of the assessments, but there was no correlation between the VAS estimates and NAR. Conclusion: We found a high NAR variation over a period of five months. This implies low long-term rhinomanometry reproducibility and we suggest future research on standardised decongestion to increase the reproducibility.

scholarly journals Transaction Behavior in Nonmarket Settings: Revisiting Transaction Cost Economics Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Ryu See Un
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Green Tape ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Over Time

This study focuses on changes in transaction costs over time in nonmarket settings. Traditional Williamsonian transaction cost economics theory shows little concern with time. However, this study reveals that time is a crucial factor in the fluctuation of transaction costs in nonmarket settings: Transaction costs increase in the initial and middle phases of a transaction. But in the long term, they may increase or decrease and are affected considerably by whether the rules, procedures, and protocols governing the transaction are effective ("green tape") or ineffective ("red tape"). In contrast, traditional transaction cost economics assumes a gradual decrease in transaction costs over time. The passage of time and the "red tape" or "green tape" governing the transaction influence stakeholders` transaction behavior in nonmarket settings.

scholarly journals Model degradation in web derived text-based models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Daas ◽  
Jelmer Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Main Page ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

Getting an overview of the innovative companies in a country is a challenging task. Traditionally, this is done by sending a questionnaire to a sample of large companies. For this an alternative approach has been developed: determining if a company is innovative by studying the text on the main page of its website. The text-based model created is able to reproduce the results from the survey and is also able to detect small innovative companies, such as startups. However, model stability was found to be a serious problem. It suffered from model degradation which resulted in a gradual decrease in the detection of innovative companies. The accuracy of the model dropped from 93% to 63% during a period of one year. In this paper this phenomenon is described and the data underlying it is studied in great detail. It was found that the combination of the inactivity of a subset of websites and changes in the composition of the words on company websites over time produced this effect. A solution for dealing with this phenomenon is presented and future research is discussed.

scholarly journals Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): an ideal fish-metazoan parasite model?

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HOOLE ◽  
V. CARTER ◽  
S. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Ligula Intestinalis ◽  
Metazoan Parasite ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasite Ecology ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Scientific Tool

SUMMARYSince its use as a model to study metazoan parasite culture and in vitro development, the plerocercoid of the tapeworm, Ligula intestinalis, has served as a useful scientific tool to study a range of biological factors, particularly within its fish intermediate host. From the extensive long-term ecological studies on the interactions between the parasite and cyprinid hosts, to the recent advances made using molecular technology on parasite diversity and speciation, studies on the parasite have, over the last 60 years, led to significant advances in knowledge on host-parasite interactions. The parasite has served as a useful model to study pollution, immunology and parasite ecology and genetics, as well has being the archetypal endocrine disruptor.

scholarly journals The Three Pathways to Happiness: How Orientations to Pleasure, Engagement, and Meaning Relate to Grit and Well-Being in a Longitudinal, International Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Catherine Ross
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator ◽  
Over Time

<p>Orientations to happiness (OTH)--to what extent people endorse pleasure, engagement, and meaning--and Grit--perseverance and passion for long term goals--have not been studied together longitudinally before. Further, grit and OTH have not been investigated together along with a measure of psychological well-being before. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the links between and among OTH, grit, and well-being through a number of longitudinal mediation analyses. Data from the International Well-Being Study was used, in which 755 participants completed surveys at five time points over one year. The results illustrated that all of the variables were positively related to each other over time, except for a negative relationship found between grit and pleasure OTH. Pleasure, meaning and engagement were all found to be significant predictors and outcomes of the longitudinal mediations of grit to well-being and of well-being to grit. Additionally, engagement was found to be the only OTH pathway that was a marginally significant mediator of the relationship between grit and well-being. Future research should further investigate the relationships between OTH, grit and well-being. This research also has implications for devising and implementing interventions that increase grit and OTH, which also in turn are likely to improve well-being, decrease mental illness, and improve levels of success.</p>

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