Effects of dietary protein sources and nisin on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, nitrogen utilization, and growth performance in growing lambs1

This study investigated the effects of partially substituting soybean meal (SBM) with incremental amount of urea on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and growth performance in fattening lambs. Seventy fattening male lambs were sorted into two blocks according to body weight (BW) and assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a randomized block design: SBM at 170 g/kg dry matter (DM) or reduced SBM (40 g/kg DM) plus 0, 10, 20, or 30 g urea/kg DM. Compared with the lambs receiving the SBM diet, the lambs fed the reduced SBM diet plus urea had higher (p < 0.01) concentrations of ruminal ammonia, and the ruminal concentration of ammonia also increased linearly (p < 0.01) with the increasing urea supplementation. Linear and quadratic effects (p < 0.01) on the crude protein (CP) intake and digestibility were observed with the increasing urea addition to the diet. The concentrations of plasma ammonia and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p < 0.01) with the increasing urea supplementation. The final BW, DM intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain efficiency were similar (p ≥ 0.42) between the SBM group and the urea-supplemented groups. However, the DMI and ADG increased quadratically (p ≤ 0.03) with the increasing urea addition to the diet, with the 10 g urea/kg DM diet resulting in the highest DMI and ADG. The results of this study demonstrated that 10 g urea could substitute 130 g soybean meal per kg feed DM without any adverse effect on growth performance or health in fattening lambs when fed a high concentrate diet.

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Yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Col: Tenebrionidae), larvae powder as dietary protein sources for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance, carcass traits, selected intestinal microbiota and blood parameters

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.13434 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shadi Sedgh‐Gooya ◽

Mehran Torki ◽

Maryam Darbemamieh ◽

Hassan Khamisabadi ◽

Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Yellow Mealworm ◽

Protein Sources

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Effects of Decreasing Dietary Crude Protein Level on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Serum Metabolites, and Nitrogen Utilization in Growing Goat Kids (Capra. hircus)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10010151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Zhu ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Congcong Wei ◽

Zijun Zhang ◽

Chunchao Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Utilization ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Nutrient Digestion ◽

Nitrogen Intake

The effects of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, nutrient digestion, serum metabolites, and nitrogen utilization in growing goat kids were investigated in the current study. Thirty-six male Anhui white goat kids were randomly assigned to one of three CP content diets: 14.8% (control), 13.4%, and 12.0% of dry matter, respectively. Diets were isoenergetic. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks, with the first two weeks being for adaptation. Results showed that the low-CP diet decreased average daily gain, feed efficiency, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber. No significant changes were observed in dry-matter intake. With a decrease in dietary CP level, fecal nitrogen excretion (% of nitrogen intake) increased linearly, whereas CP intake, blood urea nitrogen, urinary nitrogen excretion (% of nitrogen intake), and total nitrogen excretion (% of nitrogen intake) decreased. Serum glucose concentration decreased, while concentrations of low-density lipoproteins and non-esterified fatty acids increased with the low-CP diet. In conclusion, decreasing the dietary CP level decreased goats’ nitrogen excretion, but with restrictive effects on growth performance. A diet containing 13.4% CP is optimal for reducing nitrogen excretion without any adverse effect on growth performance of Anhui white goat kids. This concentration is 1.4% points lower than the NRC recommendations and thus is also environmentally beneficial on the input side because it decreases the use of feed (soy) protein.

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Reclamation of Astragalus By-Product through Dietary Inclusion in Ruminant Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Humoral Immune Response in Sheep

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8530961 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Abedin Abdallah ◽

Pei Zhang ◽

Abdul-Halim Abubakari ◽

Evera Elemba ◽

Qingzhen Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Humoral Immune

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus by-product (ABP) through dietary supplementation at different levels on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and immune response in sheep. Twenty-four Doper × Small Tail Han ewes (6-7 months of age; 29.07 ± 2.28 kg initial body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for a 47 d feeding period. Treatments consisted of the sheep diet supplemented with 0% ABP-control, 10% ABP, or 15% ABP of the diet (dry matter basis). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 of the feeding period. APB supplementation did not affect growth performance and apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fibre (P>0.05). However, ether extract digestibility was decreased in the 10% ABP group and increased in the 15% ABP group (P<0.001), and both 10% ABP and 15% ABP decreased the neutral detergent fibre digestibility (P=0.005). Feeding ABP increased rumen pH (P<0.001) and ammonia N (P<0.001) and decreased concentrations of acetate (P=0.007) and propionate (P=0.001) which resultantly increased the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P<0.001) in ruminal fluid. There were no interaction effects between treatment and sampling time for plasma metabolites and immunity (P>0.05). However, inclusion of dietary 10% ABP decreased concentrations of plasma cholesterol (P=0.043). Also, plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein decreased on days 30 and 45 (P=0.017) of the feeding period. Metabolite concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea N, glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and humoral immune indicators were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary ABP supplementation. The results suggest that ABP could be reclaimed through dietary inclusion in animal feed since it had beneficial effects on rumen fermentation patterns and lipid metabolism and had no adverse effects on performance and humoral immunity in sheep.

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Frequency of diet delivery to dairy cows: Effect on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, methane production, nitrogen utilization, and milk production

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2020-18199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 7094-7109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Benchaar ◽

F. Hassanat

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Methane Production ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nitrogen Utilization ◽

Nutrient Digestion

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Reducing dietary cation–anion difference seldom affects rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota in goats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41136/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kang Yang ◽

Xingzhou Tian ◽

Shiyan Jian ◽

Lun Sun ◽

E Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Background: Dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) has been receiving increased attention in recent years; however, information on the rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota of goats fed a low-DCAD diet is less. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD diet for goats with emphasis on rumen fermentation parameters, cellulolytic bacteria populations and microbiota. Growth performance, urine pH, and plasma metabolites were also analyzed as well. Materials and method: Eighteen goats were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with six replicates of each treatment and 1 goat per replicate. Animals were fed diets with varying DCAD levels at +338 (High DCAD; HD), +152 (Control; CON), and −181 (Low DCAD; LD). This study includes 15-d experimental period and 30-d adaption period. Results: The DCAD level did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters including pH, buffering capability, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acids, and ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid (P > 0.05). The 4 main ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus did not differ from DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). The DCAD levels did not affect bacterial richness and diversity indicated by the indices Chao, Ace and Simpson and Shannon, respectively (P > 0.05). Both weighted UniFrac and unweighted UniFrac showed no difference in the composition of rumen microbiota for CON, HD and LD (P > 0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum followed by Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae, and Tenericutes, and they showed no difference (P > 0.05) in relative abundances except for Firmicutes, which was higher in HD and LD compared to CON (P < 0.05). At the genus level, relative abundance of 11 genera were not affected by DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). Level of DCAD had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance including dry matter intake, average net gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio; and nutrients digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter (P > 0.05). Urine pH in LD was lower than HD and CON (P < 0.05). LD resulted in higher plasma calcium than HD and CON (P < 0.05) but not for other plasma metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that, with regard to the great importance of rumen fermentation, these results suggest that reducing DCAD is unharmful for rumen status and provide the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD to goats.

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