scholarly journals 215 Influence of BVDV exposure on AI conception and breeding season pregnancy success in beef herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M Epperson ◽  
Jerica J J Rich ◽  
Saulo Menegatti Zoca ◽  
Stephanie D Perkins ◽  
Emmalee J Northrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) causes reproductive and economic losses in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of BVDV exposure on reproductive success (AI and breeding season conceptions). Well vaccinated cows (n = 367) and heifers (n = 540) from 9 different herds were synchronized using the 7-d CO Synch + CIDR protocol and were fixed-time AI (FTAI). On d 28 following insemination, blood samples were collected, and pregnancy status was determined by transrectal ultrasonography and the IDEXX Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test. Non-pregnant animals were resynchronized and FTAI a second time. In six herds bulls were comingled with females beginning 10-15 d after the second AI. Final pregnancy status was determined 33–80 d following the first pregnancy diagnosis. Blood samples were tested for the presence of BVDV antigen using the IDEXX BVDV PI X2 Kit. Positive samples were indicative of animals with an active infection. Herds were determined as having BVDV exposure by the presence of at least one animal having a positive test for active antigen (n = 4 exposed herds, n = 5 non-exposed herds). Statistical analyses were performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Herds that had BVDV exposure during the breeding season had significantly decreased (P < 0.01) first service AI conception rates compared to herds that had no exposure (34 ± 2.3% vs. 54 ± 2.3%). Additionally, breeding season pregnancy rates were decreased (P < 0.01) in herds that had BVDV exposure compared to non-exposed herds (69 ± 3.4% vs. 80 ± 3.6%). There was no significant effect of BVDV exposure on embryonic loss (P = 0.42) or percentage of animals which lost a pregnancy and rebred by the end of the breeding season (P = 0.63). In conclusion, BVDV exposure in well vaccinated herds still had a negative effect on both first service AI conception rate and overall breeding season pregnancy success.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Goats in Southwestern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Silu Wang ◽  
Runxia Liu ◽  
Guiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, as well as some wild animals. BVDV causes considerable economic losses every year and many countries have developed programs aimed at the eradication of this disease. The genetic diversity of BVDV in diseased goats has never been described in southwestern China. Thus, in this study, we applied antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR to survey the infection rate of BVDV in diseased goats in this region. Our results demonstrated that the average BVDV infection rate in goats was 17.51%, with all positive samples indicating infection by BVDV-1 and not BVDV-2, BVDV-3, or Border disease virus. The molecular characteristics of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of BVDV-1 were recognized as belonging predominantly to the BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1m, and 1p subtypes. BVDV-1b and 1m were the most abundant subtypes identified in this region, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. This is the first study that describes the genetic characterization of BVDV in sick goats from southwestern China and is important for future studies and control programs.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and intercurrence of reproductive pathogens in cattle from family farms in North of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Dionei Joaquim Haas ◽  
Jonata de Melo Barbieri ◽  
Ermilton Junio Pereira de Freitas ◽  
Mayra da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Bernardo Rodrigues Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The aims of the present study were: to estimate the seroprevalence of Bluetongue vírus (BTV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. in cattle from family farms in North of Minas Gerais; to determine the intercurrence and association among these pathogens; and to assess the possible associated factors to seropositive herds and animals. For this, 476 cows from 46 farms were sampled and evaluated serologically. The seroprevalence in herds and cattle was, respectively, for BTV 100% and 52.0%, for BoHV-1 95.7% and 48.6%, for BVDV 78.3% and 46.1%, for Leptospira spp. 76.1% and 29.1%, and for B. abortus was 0% in herd and cattle. More than 65% of the herds was simultaneously seropositive for BTV, BoHV-1, BVDV and Leptospira spp. Seropositivity for BoHV-1, Leptospira spp. serovar Autumnalis and serovar Hardjoprajitno were associated with abortion, whereas seropositivity for BVDV was associated with BoHV-1. Moreover, association among seropositivity for BVDV, BoHV-1 and Leptospira spp. was also observed. In conclusion, BTV, BoHV-1, BVDV and Leptospira spp. are highly seroprevalent and occurred simultaneously in cattle from family farms in Minas Gerais, indicating the need for the implementation of control measures to avoid economic losses related to these diseases.

152 TRANSMISSION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS BY IN VITRO-FERTILIZED EMBRYOS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bielanski ◽  
J. Algire ◽  
A. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection affects cattle throughout the world. It causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry. The potential for transmission of a cytopathic biotype of BVDV by in vivo-derived embryos has been thought to be negligible. However, there is no study to prove non-transmission of the most common field isolate of noncytopathic biotype (NCPB) of BVDV by IVF embryos. Here we report on the preliminary outcome of embryo transfer (ET) of IVF embryos exposed in vitro to type-1 (NY-1) and type-2 (P-131) genotypes of NCPB of BVDV. For this experiment, IVF embryos were generated using standard methods which briefly involve: maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes in TCM medium, fertilization of oocytes with BVDV-free semen, and culture of zygotes to the blastocyst stage in SOF medium without somatic cells. Day 7 blastocysts were exposed for 1 h to NY-1 or P-131 (103–107 TCID50 mL–1) BVDV strains before being washed (without trypsin) as recommended by IETS. Two embryos were transferred on each occasion. Embryo recipients were virus-free and anti-BVDV antibody-free prior to ET. The recipients remained individually in isolation premises after ET. In total, 126 ET procedures were performed resulting in 57 pregnancies and 34 calves born free of the infectious virus and BVDV antibodies (5 pregnancies are still pending). In total, 23 pregnancies were lost after 30 days. Exposure of embryos to type-2 BVDV resulted in a loss of 46% (17/37) of pregnancies after 30 days post-ET and 20 recipients seroconverted to BVDV. Within seroconverted and pregnant animals (n = 14), only 2 recipients maintained pregnancy and delivered uninfected calves at term. In contrast, exposure of embryos to type-1 caused 30% (6/20) of the pregnancy losses after 30 days and did not cause any seroconversion in ET recipients. After washing, 33% (3/9) and 38% (17/44) single embryos from the infected pool of IVF embryos tested positive for the BVDV. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, a proportion of recipients was apparently infected after receipt of BVDV-exposed embryos. However, all of the calves that survived to term were BVDV-free and anti-BVDV antibody free.

scholarly journals Pooled-Sample Testing as a Herd-Screening Tool for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistently Infected Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Muñoz-Zanzi ◽  
Wesley O. Johnson ◽  
Mark C. Thurmond ◽  
Sharon K. Hietala
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Pooled Sample

The study was conducted to develop methodology for least-cost strategies for using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/probe testing of pooled blood samples to identify animals in a herd persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Cost was estimated for 5 protocols using Monte Carlo simulations for herd prevalences of BVDV persistent infection (BVDV-PI) ranging from 0.5% to 3%, assuming a cost for a PCR/probe test of $20. The protocol associated with the least cost per cow involved an initial testing of pools followed by repooling and testing of positive pools. For a herd prevalence of 1%, the least cost per cow was $2.64 (95% prediction interval = $1.72, $3.68), where pool sizes for the initial and repooled testing were 20 and 5 blood samples per pool, respectively. Optimization of the least cost for pooled-sample testing depended on how well a presumed prevalence of BVDV-PI approximated the true prevalence of BVDV infection in the herd. As prevalence increased beyond 3%, the least cost increased, thereby diminishing the competitive benefit of pooled testing. The protocols presented for sample pooling have general application to screening or surveillance using a sensitive diagnostic test to detect very low prevalence diseases or pathogens in flocks or herds.

scholarly journals An Importance of Long-Term Clinical Analysis to Accurately Diagnose Calves Persistently and Acutely Infected by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Yusuke Goto ◽  
Gakuji Yaegashi ◽  
Kazuhiro Fukunari ◽  
Tohru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection results in a wide variety of clinical manifestations and is a pathogen that is able to cause huge economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. It is important to identify cattle that are persistently infected (PI) by BVDV within the herd as early as possible because PI animals are the main reservoir of the virus. In contrast, cattle who are acutely infected (AI) with BVDV show various clinical signs, but most cattle show either mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. In general, AI and PI animals can be distinguished by repeat testing within an interval of at least 21 days. However, we found a rare case of a BVDV2-infected AI animal with long-term viral presence, making it indistinguishable from PI through two tests within an interval of 21 days. As a result, we diagnosed one infected animal as AI after 35 days from the initial sample collection via multiple analyses. Our findings recommend performing an additional test using samples that have been collected after 14–21 days from the second sample collection in cases where it is difficult to accurately differentiate an AI diagnosis from a PI diagnosis after only two tests. Additionally, our analysis exhibits that monitoring the number of copies of viruses with similar genomes in the sera by means of quantitative real-time RT-PCR through several sample collections periods might be useful to distinguish AI from PI. Furthermore, our data suggest that the AI animals with a long-term viral presence who show test results similar to those of PI animals might be the result of a coincidental combination of various factors that are present in cattle fields. These findings provide useful information that can be used to improve the diagnosis of BVDV in the field.

scholarly journals Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1d infection in dairy heifer calves born within 38 days interval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zaparoli Zucoloto ◽  
Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen ◽  
Elis Lorenzetti ◽  
Rodrigo Pelisson Massi ◽  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a significant economic impact on the beef and dairy industries worldwide. Fetal infection with a non-cytopathic strain may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) offspring, the main event in the epidemiological chain of BVDV infection. This report describes the birth of 10 PI dairy calves from Brazil and the infecting BVDV subgenotype. Serum and blood samples were collected from 10 cows and 10 calves; all 10 calves were previously deemed BVDV positive by the ear notch rapid test. Serum samples were used in the virus neutralization technique to detect anti-BVDV antibody. Blood samples were used to detect BVDV RNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the 5' UTR and Npro genes. All 10 cows were negative for BVDV RT-PCR, while all 10 calves were RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analyses were performed and the strain was classified as BVDV-1d. High titers of BVDV-specific antibodies in the serum of cows indicated recent circulation of BVDV in the dairy herd, whereas calves presented intermediate, low, or no anti-BVDV-1a antibody titers. The monitoring of circulating BVDV subgenotypes and the detection of PI animals is of great importance in disease control, and regular vaccination alone is insufficient to prevent BVDV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document