scholarly journals PSVII-16 Galactosylated chitosan-oligosaccharides have anti-adhesive effect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
Charlotte Maria Elisabeth Heyer ◽  
Weilan Wang ◽  
Yalu Yan ◽  
Michael G Gänzle ◽  
Ruurd T Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Test Product ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Galactosylated Chitosan ◽  
K88 Fimbriae

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in piglets. In vitro, high molecular weight β-galactosylated chitosan-oligosaccharides (Gal-COS) had strong anti-adhesive activity against ETEC-expressing K88 fimbriae (ETEC K88) binding to porcine erythrocytes. This study assessed the effects of Gal-COS differing in structure on anti-adhesive properties against ETEC in a small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP) model in 8 piglets (BW 10 kg; 5-wk old). With 10 jejunal segments in each pig, 5 segments were infected with ETEC K88, and the other 5 segments were infused with saline (non-ETEC). Every 2 paired segments (ETEC or non-ETEC) from the same pig were treated for 8 h with 64 ml of 10 g L-1 of one of the following test products: 1) α-Gal-COS; 2) β-Gal-COS; 3) exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus reuteri; and 4) raffinose in a double 4 × 4 Latin square with a saline control. Infection by ETEC K88 was verified by quantitative PCR. Net fluid loss was calculated as difference of fluid loss between ETEC segment and its paired non-ETEC segment. Data were analyzed using the mixed model with segment and test product as fixed effects, and pig as random effect. Number of eubacterial rRNA genes was 10-fold greater (P < 0.001) in ETEC segments than non-ETEC segments, indicating that ETEC K88 accounted for > 90% of bacterial gene counts. Test product did not affect (P > 0.10) the number of ETEC bacteria in the outflow fluid. Furthermore, net fluid loss caused by ETEC tended (P = 0.08) to be decreased by β-Gal-COS compared to all other treatments. In conclusion, the in vivo SISP model confirmed that Gal-COS had anti-diarrheal effects, indicating that β-Gal-COS is a potential feed additive to reduce the ETEC-induced diarrhea in piglets.

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharides Synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri Protect against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Piglets

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (18) ◽  
pp. 5752-5760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Chen ◽  
Adrienne Woodward ◽  
Ruurd T. Zijlstra ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
K88 Fimbriae

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in piglets; ETEC cells colonize the intestinal mucosa with adhesins and deliver toxins that cause fluid loss. This study determined the antiadhesive properties of bacterial exopolysaccharides (reuteran and levan) and related glycans (dextran and inulin) in a small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP) model. The SISP model used 10 jejunal segments from 5-week-old piglets. Five segments were infected with ETEC expressing K88 fimbriae (ETEC K88), while five segments were treated with saline. Every two segments (ETEC and non-ETEC infected) were infused with 65 ml of 10 g liter−1of glycans or saline (control) for 8 h. High-resolution melting-curve (HRM) quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated thatE. coliis the dominant bacterium in infected segments, while other bacteria were predominant in noninfected segments. Infection by ETEC K88 was also verified by qPCR; gene copy numbers of K88 fimbriae and the heat-labile toxin (LT) in mucosal scrapings and outflow fluid of infected segments were significantly higher than those in noninfected segments. Genes coding for K88 fimbriae and LT were also detected in noninfected segments. LT amplicons from infected and noninfected segments were 99% identical over 481 bp, demonstrating the presence of autochthonous ETEC K88. All glycans reduced fluid loss caused by ETEC K88 infection. Reuteran tended (P= 0.06) to decrease ETEC K88 levels in mucosal scraping sample, as judged by qPCR. Fluorescentin situhybridization analysis demonstrated that reuteran significantly (P= 0.012) decreased levels of adherent ETEC K88. Overall, reuteran may prevent piglet diarrhea by reducing adhesion of ETEC K88.

Gastrointestinal ecology response of piglets’ diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kiarie ◽  
B A Slominski ◽  
D O Krause ◽  
C M Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Egg Yolk Antibodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
K88 Fimbriae ◽  
Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

The gastrointestinal ecology (GE) of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) was investigated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, all pigs were orally challenged with ETEC and killed at 24 and 48 h post-challenge (one pig/pen on each occasion). Feeding HP increased pre-challenge average daily gain (252 vs. 207 g d-1; P = 0.01). An interaction (P < 0.10) between EYA and HP was observed such that when fed in combination they resulted in higher ileal digesta lactic acid and cecal DM contents and lower ileal digesta ammonia. The main effects (P < 0.05) were such that pigs fed EYA-diets had shorter intestinal crypt whilst pigs fed HP-diets showed low gastric pH and high ileal mucosal adherent lactobacilli counts. In conclusion, HP and EYA influenced indices of fermentative characteristics and intestinal morphology in the gastrointestinal ecology of piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli (k88).Key words: Egg yolk antibodies, ETEC, gastrointestinal ecology, non-starch polysaccharides hydrolysis products, piglet

Net fluid and electrolyte losses in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infected piglet small intestine upon perfusion with fumaric acid, zinc oxide, egg yolk antibodies or carbadox

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kiarie ◽  
D. O. Krause ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Egg Yolk Antibodies ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
K88 Fimbriae ◽  
Fluid Losses

Intestinal segments (10 per piglet) prepared in four anesthetized piglets were used to evaluate the effects of anti-diarrhea agents on net fluid and electrolyte losses and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations upon infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Pairs of segments (non-infected and ETEC-infected) were perfused with either saline, fumaric acid (FA), zinc oxide (ZnO), egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) or carbadox (AB) during a 7.5-h period. Segments perfused with saline had higher (P < 0.05) net fluid and electrolyte losses compared to segments perfused with anti-diarrhea agents whilst FA showed higher fluid losses compared to other anti-diarrhea agents. Key words: Anti-diarrhea agents, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, piglets

scholarly journals Characterization of the Binding Specificity of K88ac and K88ad Fimbriae of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by Constructing K88ac/K88ad Chimeric FaeG Major Subunits

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Zhang ◽  
Ying Fang ◽  
David H. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Fimbrial Subunit ◽  
K88 Fimbriae

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing K88 (F4) fimbriae are the major cause of diarrhea in young pigs. Three antigenic variants of K88 fimbriae (K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad) have been identified among porcine ETEC strains. Each K88 fimbrial variant shows a unique pattern in binding to different receptors on porcine enterocytes. Such variant specificity in fimbrial binding is believed to be controlled by the major subunit (FaeG) of the K88 fimbriae, because the genes coding for the only other fimbrial subunit are identical among the three variants. Uniqueness in binding to host receptors may be responsible for differences in the virulence levels of porcine diarrhea disease caused by K88 ETEC strains. To better understand the relationships between the structure of FaeG proteins and fimbrial binding function, and perhaps virulence in disease, we constructed and expressed various K88ac/K88ad faeG gene chimeras and characterized the binding activity of each K88 chimeric fimbria. After verifying biosynthesis of the chimeric fimbriae, we examined their binding specificities in bacterial adherence assays by using porcine brush border vesicles that are specific to either the K88ac or K88ad fimbria. Results showed that each fimbria switched binding specificity to that of the reciprocal type when a peptide comprising amino acids 125 to 163 was exchanged with that of its counterpart. Substitutions of a single amino acid within this region negatively affected the binding capacity of each fimbria. These data indicate that the peptide including amino acids 125 to 163 of the FaeG subunit is essential for K88 variant-specific binding.

scholarly journals Effect of processed and fermented soyabeans on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen L. Kiers ◽  
M.J. Robert Nout ◽  
Frans M. Rombouts ◽  
Esther E. van Andel ◽  
Marius J.A. Nabuurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Fluid Losses ◽  
Etec Infection

Infectious diarrhoea is a major problem in both children and piglets. Infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In the present study the effect of processed and fermented soyabean products on net absorption during ETEC infection was investigated. Soyabean was processed into an autoclaved, a cooked and a mould-fermented (tempeh) product. The soyabean products were pre-digested and the effect of the products on net absorption in the small intestineof piglets was studied. Pairs of small-intestinal segments, one non-infected and the other ETEC-infected, were perfused simultaneously with the different products during 8h. Net absorption of fluid, DM, Na, chloride, K and total solutes was determined. Net fluid absorption washighest for cooked soyabean followed by autoclaved soyabean and tempeh as a result of the osmolality of these products. In ETEC-infected segments, cooked soyabean and tempeh showed minor fluid losses (27 (se 23) and 43 (se 20) μl/cm2, respectively) compared with the saline control (260 (se 23) μl/cm2). Tempeh resulted in a high uptake of solutes. Processed soyabean products, particularly cooked soyabean and tempeh, are beneficial in maintaining fluid balance during ETEC infection. Additionally, tempeh showed high DM and total solute absorption. Therefore, particularly, tempeh may bebeneficial in the case of post-weaning diarrhoeain piglets and possibly in children as well.

Alleviation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge by recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing a FaeG- and DC-targeting peptide fusion protein

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yang ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
P. Tong ◽  
C. Li ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Targeting Peptide ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
K88 Fimbriae

FaeG is the major subunit of K88 fimbriae. These cell surface attachments are considered to be the major virulence factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which causes diarrhoea in piglets. The use of dendritic cell-targeting peptide (DCpep) has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to enhance the immunity of vaccines. Lactobacillus plantarum is an attractive candidate for oral vaccination owing to its beneficial effects and safety. In this study, L. plantarum was employed to deliver a FaeG-DCpep fusion antigen, and the immune response in mice was evaluated. The synthesis of FaeG-DCpep dramatically increased the adhesion of recombinant L. plantarum (RLP) to IPEC-J2 cell surfaces, resulting in direct competition between L. plantarum and ETEC during adhesion assays. Significantly higher levels of body weight gain, sera immunoglobulin G and intestinal immunoglobulin A were observed in BALB/c mice immunised with RLP. In addition, the number of CD19+ B cells and CD11c+DC cells and the expression levels of several cytokines in the spleen and lymph nodes increased significantly compared to non-immunised mice. The oral administration of RLP also alleviated the symptoms of ETEC challenge, as shown by haematoxylin-eosin staining, indicating that RLP may be an efficient vaccine candidate.

Acute phase response of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kiarie ◽  
B A Slominski ◽  
D O Krause ◽  
C M Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Egg Yolk Antibodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
K88 Fimbriae

Acute phase responses (APR) in pigs fed non-starch polysaccharides hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) were evaluated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, pigs were bled and given an oral dose of ETEC. Pigs were then bled and feed intake recorded within 48 h post-challenge. Pigs fed HP ate more (P < 0.05) than pigs not fed HP during the ETEC challenge. Interaction between additives and time was observed for packed cell volume (PCV, P = 0.0002), in which case pigs fed the control diet showed lower PCV at 6 h post-challenge than pigs fed additives. At 48 h post-challenge, main effects (P < 0.10) were such that pigs fed HP-diets had lower serum haptoglobin and pigs fed EYA-diets had higher interleukin-6 compared with pigs fed non-HP and non-EYA diets, respectively. In conclusion, HP and EYA reduced the severity of ETEC-enteritis in piglets with some evidence of synergistic effects. Key words: Acute phase responses, egg yolk antibodies, non-starch polysaccharides, hydrolysis products, piglet diarrhea

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