scholarly journals PSI-27 Excretion of purine derivatives and rumen microbial protein synthesis in Nelore steers supplemented with low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block and fed low-quality forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 249-250
Author(s):  
Andresa L Feliciano ◽  
Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior ◽  
Yury Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Livia Maria Sampaio Ferraz Sepini de Souza Grilo ◽  
Luís Felipe Arelaro Artioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block (LMB) on steers fed low quality forage in the excretion of purine derivatives and in the synthesis of ruminal microbial protein. Six rumen cannulated Nellore steers steers (23 months, 350 ± 10 kg) were distributed in a 3 × 3 double Latin square design. The treatments were composed of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ hay ad libtum as an exclusive source of bulky (93.65% DM, 3.97% CP and 81.76% NDF) and supplements: complete mineral blend with urea [UR, (urea, salt, mineral-vitamin premix)], a commercial protein supplement [PS, (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)] or low-moisture, cooked sugarcane molasses-based protein block [LMB, (cane molasses, cottonseed meal, soybean oil, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)]. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection). The total urinary volume was measured for five days in each experimental period. The urine was collected in rubber funnels fixed by elastic loops on the backs of the animals. The urine was conduct through hoses connected to a 20 L polyethylene bucket containing 250 mL of 20% H2SO4 solution. Every 24 hours, the collected urine was homogenized and the total excreted volume was measured. The data were analyzed using Software R, having as fixed effect the treatments and as animal random effect, period, Latin square and error. Supplementation with LMB lead to greater excretion of allantoin (P = 0.046), microbial nitrogen flow (P = 0.023) and higher microbial crude protein (P = 0.023) into the intestine compared to UR and PS. While no effect was observed on total purines and purines absorbed (P > 0.05). Thus, LMB supplementation for rumen cannulated Nellore steers fed low quality forage was effective to improve metabolizable protein supply.

scholarly journals PSI-28 Effect of supplementation with low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block on intake and ruminal volatile fatty acid profile on steers fed low quality forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Andresa L Feliciano ◽  
Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior ◽  
Yury Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Livia Maria Sampaio Ferraz Sepini de Souza Grilo ◽  
Luís Felipe Arelaro Artioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract We evaluated the effects of supplementation of molasses based on low moisture molasses (LMB) on steers fed low quality forage in DM intake and ruminal VFA. Six rumen cannulated Nellore steers (23 months, 350 ± 10 kg) were distributed in a 3 × 3 double Latin square design. The treatments were composed of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu ad libtum as an exclusive source of bulks (93.65% DM, 3.97% CP and 81.76% NDF) and supplements: complete mineral blend with urea [UR, (urea, salt, mineral-vitamin premix)], a commercial protein supplement [PS, (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, salt, and mineral- vitamin premix)] or protein block based on low-moisture cooked sugarcane molasses [LMB, (cane molasses, cottonseed meal, soybean oil, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)]. Before subsequent feeding, samples of orts were collected to monitor the daily intake. After 14-d adaptation period, rumen fluid samples were collected in each experimental period at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 h after feeding, to evaluate concentrations of VFA, which was determined by gas chromatography. The data were analyzed using Software R, with measures repeated in time for VFA and having as fixed effect the treatments and as animal random effect, period, Latin square and error. The intake of hay (P = 0.024), total DM (g/day, P = 0.001), NDF (P = 0.027) and supplement (P < 0.001) was higher for animals supplemented with PS. The total VFA and acetate ratio were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). The propionate ratio was higher for LMB (P = 0.016). The butyrate ratio (P = 0.005), valerate (P = 0.010) and A:P ratio (P = 0.017) was higher when the animals were supplemented with PS. The results indicate that the use of LMB improves propionate ratio and decrease the acetate:propionate ratio for steers fed low quality forage.

scholarly journals PSI-26 Effects of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block supplementation on feed intake and ingestive behavior of Nellore steers fed low-quality forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Andresa L Feliciano ◽  
Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior ◽  
Yury Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Livia Maria Sampaio Ferraz Sepini de Souza Grilo ◽  
Luís Felipe Arelaro Artioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract We evaluated the effects of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block supplementation (LMB) on dry matter and nutrients intake and measurements of feeding behavior of steers fed low quality forage. Six rumen cannulated Nellore steers (23 months, 350 ± 10 kg) were distributed in a 3 × 3 double Latin square design. The treatments were Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu hay ad libtum as an exclusive source of bulky and supplements: complete mineral blend with urea [UR, (urea, salt, mineral-vitamin premix)], a commercial protein supplement [PS, (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)] or low-moisture, cooked sugarcane molasses-based protein block [LMB, (cane molasses, cottonseed meal, soybean oil, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)]. Each experimental period (3) lasted 21 days (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection). The animals were fed twice a day (7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) and the offered and refused hay were weighed every morning to calculate DM and NDF intake. On feeding behavior measurements, trained observers assesed the animals behavior at 5-minute intervals for 24 hours. We evaluated the feeding time, water intake, rumination, idle and others. The rumination parameters and the average chewing time were observed using digital timer. The data were analyzed using Software R, having as fixed effect the treatments and as animal random effect, period, Latin square and error. The hay (P = 0.024), Total DM (g/day, P = 0.001 and % BW, P = 0.001), NDF (P = 0.027) and supplement (P < 0.001) intake was greater for animals supplemented with PS, besides the feeding time (P < 0.001). While no effect was observed on the other measurements. In summary, none of the supplements were able to increase DMI to its standard value of around 2 % of BW. Supplementation with LMB did not alter the feeding behavior in Nellore steers.

Comparison of methods for the measurement of microbial protein supply in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
M.A. Samaniego ◽  
X.B. Chen ◽  
F.DeB. Hovell ◽  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
R. W. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Microbial N

The excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in urine has been used as an index for the estimation of microbial nitrogen (N) supply in ruminants. This method is simple and does not require surgical intervention of the animal. However, there have been few attempts to compare the results of this method with other methods for the measurement of microbial N supply. In the present study, two experiments were performed. The main experiment (Experiment 2) compared the estimated duodenal microbial N flow based on urinary PD excretion, with the more direct measurement based on duodenal RNA flow rates obtained from cannulated sheep using n-alkanes as the digesta flow marker. However, a preliminary experiment (Experiment 1) was needed to validate the use of alkane as a digesta marker in comparison with the commonly accepted dual phase marker method of Faichney (1975).

The effect of fermentable energy supply on the excretion of purine derivatives in milk and urine of dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

The urinary excretion of allantoin and uric acid (collectively purine derivatives, or PD) provides an estimate of the yield of microbial protein (MP) from the rumen. The technique is useful for estimating rumen efficiency of dairy cows, but due to the problems associated with urine collection, its use is limited on the large scale. Measuring PD in milk would allow more routine assessments to be carried out on a practical level.Twelve multiparous mid-lactation Holstein/Friesian cows were used in a 3x3 Latin square changeover experiment with 3 four-week periods. Cows were allocated to squares on the basis of their mean milk yield of the 7 days prior to the trial. Within squares, treatments were randomly allocated to each cow. The first 25 days of each experimental period were used for adjustment, and the last 3 for the collection of milk and urine samples.

Technical note: Evaluation of urinary purine derivatives in comparison with duodenal purines for estimating rumen microbial protein supply in sheep1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 884-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kozloski ◽  
C. M. Stefanello ◽  
L. Oliveira ◽  
H. M. N. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Protein Supply

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

Measurement of microbial protein synthesis in Iranian buffalo rumen (Mazandran Province) by purine derivatives excretion method

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Yashar Vakil Faraji ◽  
Mojtaba Zahedifar ◽  
Jafari Khorshidi Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Protein Supply

Rumen microbes are rich in nucleic acid: around 18% of total nitrogen is present on nucleic acids or 11% in purines. Rumen microbes constitue the major source of protein supply to the ruminant. The purines from the rumen microbes are metabolized and excreted in the urine as their end products: hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid and allantoin. In buffalo and cattle because of high xanthine oxidase activity in intestine and blood, hypoxanthine and xanthine convert to uric acid therefore only uric acid and allantoin excreted in urine way (Chen, X. B., Ørskov, E. R., 2003). This research carried out to use excretion of purine derivatives namely allantoin and uric acid as a parameter to estimate the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of native swamp buffalo in north of iran, Mazandaran Province.

Integration of in vitro parameters by mechanistic modelling to predict recycling of microbial nitrogen in the rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
J. France ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Protein Supply

In protein evaluation systems for ruminants, the microbial protein supply is calculated from the amounts of rumen degradable organic matter and nitrogen (N) using empirical equations. A variable part of the rumen synthesized microbial protein does not reach the duodenum but is recycled within the rumen (review Firkins, 1996). Since energy is required for its re-synthesis and degraded microbial protein is subject to deamination, the efficiency of substrate conversion into microbial protein in the rumen is affected by microbial recycling. Rumen protozoa have a major impact upon this recycling through engulfment of micro-organisms and autolysis. In vitro, bacterial protein breakdown is proportionately reduced by some 0·9 upon removal of protozoa (Wallace and McPherson, 1987). Defaunation of the rumen increases the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in vivo significantly (review Jouany et al., 1988).

scholarly journals 84 Effect of incorporating forage pea (c.v. Pisium sativum L.) into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Alex Pursley ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Tom Warkentin ◽  
Bart Lardner ◽  
Greg B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Protein Supply

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion rate of pea hay in barley and oat hay when fed to beef cattle. Six ruminally-cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 2 × 3 factorial design and 25-d periods. Treatments included barley or oat hay blended with pea hay to achieve inclusion rates of 0, 15, or 30% (DM basis). Pea inclusion increased DMI (P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg/d, and generally reduced sorting (P ≤ 0.006) against NDF and ADF compared to the cereal-only treatments. Pea inclusion decreased CP digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments, but did not affect the predicted microbial protein supply or nitrogen retention (P ≥ 0.77). Pea inclusion did not affect total ruminal SCFA concentration, but increased the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and decreased the molar proportion of propionate (P ≤ 0.01). While cereal type did not affect DMI (P = 0.36) or total SCFA concentration (P = 0.61), use of oat hay improved DM digestibility (67.73 vs. 63.22% for oat and barley, respectively; P < 0.001) and increased nitrogen retention (P = 0.03) when compared to barley. Overall, incorporating pea into cereal hay increased DMI, reduced CP digestibility, and altered ruminal fermentation.

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