scholarly journals PSIII-24 True nutrient and amino acid digestibility of commercial pork-based extruded dog foods using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
Patricia M Oba ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal Care ◽  
Mixed Protein

Abstract Pork-based dog foods are increasing in popularity, but there has been a lack of research conducted on these diets, including information about their digestibility. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of commercial pork-based extruded dog foods using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Four commercial extruded diets were tested in this study, including three pork formulas (PF1; PF2; PF3) with varying levels of legume content, and a multi-protein formula (MPF), all provided by Champion Petfoods (Alberta, Canada). A precision-fed rooster assay utilizing cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the diets tested. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. 16 cecectomized roosters (4 roosters/substrate) were randomly assigned to test substrates. After 24h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed 30g of test substrates. Following crop intubation, excreta (urine and feces) were collected for 48h. Endogenous corrections for AA were made using 5 additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. There were no significant differences in true macronutrient digestibilities among diets tested. For most of the indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 80%, with some being greater than 90%. For the majority of indispensable and dispensable AA, MPF had higher (P < 0.05) AA digestibilities than the other diets tested. For the majority of indispensable AA, PF1 had the lowest AA digestibilities. In general, the diet containing a mixed protein source had the greatest AA digestibilities, but all diets including those based on pork protein performed well.

scholarly journals 241 True nutrient and amino acid digestibility of human-grade dog foods using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Patricia M Oba ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
Carl M Parsons ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal Care ◽  
Very High

Abstract Human-grade dog foods are now available and increasing in popularity, but little research has been conducted to test the digestibility of these foods. The objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of human-grade ingredient-based dog foods using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Six commercial dog foods were tested, including the Beef & Russet Potato (BRP), Chicken & White Rice (CWR), Fish & Sweet Potato (FSP), Lamb & Brown Rice (LBR), Turkey & Whole Wheat Macaroni (TWM) and Venison & Squash (VSR) formulas provided by Just Food For Dogs (Irvine, CA). Before analysis, all diets were lyophilized and ground. A precision-fed rooster assay utilizing cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the diets tested. Conventional roosters were used to determine the nitrogen-corrected total metabolizable energy (TMEn) of the diets. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. The substrates and rooster excreta were analyzed for macronutrient profile and AA composition. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. In general, all diets tested were highly digestible. Dry matter digestibility was similar among CWR, LBR and TWR diets, and greater (P < 0.0001) than that of FSP and VSR diets. Organic matter digestibility was highest (P = 0.0002) for CWR and lowest (P = 0.0002) for VSR. TMEn value was highest for BRP. For the majority of indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 85%, with some being greater than 90%. Although statistical differences were observed among diets, they all performed very well. The diets tested had very high AA digestibilities, being digested at levels exceeding that usually observed with extruded diets.

scholarly journals True nutrient and amino acid digestibility of dog foods made with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Patrícia M Oba ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
Carl M Parsons ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal Care

Abstract For a pet diet to be labeled as human-grade, every ingredient and the finished food must be stored, handled, processed, and transported according to the current good manufacturing practices for human edible foods. Human-grade dog foods are now available and increasing in popularity, but little research has been conducted to test the digestibility of these foods. For this reason, the objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of dog foods formulated with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Six commercial dog foods were tested, including the Beef & Russet Potato (BRP), Chicken & White Rice (CWR), Fish & Sweet Potato (FSP), Lamb & Brown Rice (LBR), Turkey & Whole Wheat Macaroni (TWM), and Venison & Squash (VSR) formulas provided by Just Food For Dogs LLC (Irvine, CA). Before analysis, all foods were lyophilized and ground. A precision-fed rooster assay using cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the foods tested. Conventional roosters were used to determine the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of the foods. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. The substrates and rooster excreta were analyzed for macronutrient and AA composition. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In general, all foods tested were highly digestible. Dry matter digestibility was similar among CWR, LBR, and TWR foods, and greater (P < 0.0001) than that of FSP and VSR foods. Organic matter digestibility was highest (P = 0.0002) for CWR and lowest (P = 0.0002) for VSR. For the majority of indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 85%, with some being greater than 90%. TMEn was higher (P < 0.0001) for BRP than the other foods, which were similar to one another. Also, TMEn values were much higher than what would be estimated by using modified Atwater factors and often above the predictive equations for metabolizable energy (ME) recommended by the National Research Council or by using Atwater factors. Although statistical differences were observed among foods, they all performed well and the foods tested had very high AA digestibilities. Additionally, the TMEn data suggest that existing methods and equations for ME prediction underestimate the energy content of the foods tested.

Notes on the Language of Vita Aesopi G

Antichthon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
† G.P. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Account ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Life Of Aesop

This version of the life of Aesop is known only from the one manuscript, which had belonged earlier to the library of a monastery near Frascati, from which it disappeared with no mention of it after 1789 till it was rediscovered in the Pierpont Morgan collection in 1929. It was published in 1952 by B.E. Perry at the University of Illinois Press (Urbana) in his fine Aesopica I, 35-77, with much other material, including a full account of the manuscripts of the other version of the life, W.MS. G is from the end of the tenth century. Perry thinks that the original goes back to the first century A.D. and reflects the strong interest in popular versions of Aesop’s life in Egypt at this period. It has a pronounced Egyptian colouring, Isis playing a prominent part in the naive and bawdy story, with a strong opposition to Apollo. Four papyrus fragments similar to G have been found (see Perry, op. cit. 1), and various Eastern versions of part of the story are known. The manuscript has many koine features that agree with Perry’s dating, and the language can often be usefully illustrated from the modern Demotic. Features that are more likely to be errors of tradition in the manuscript are mainly unimportant late spellings.

Media and Affect: A Comparison of Videotape, Audiotape, and Print

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stroud Machula
Keyword(s):  
Affective Response ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Video Group ◽  
The University

Students at the University of Illinois and the University of Michigan participated in an experiment to determine if different affective responses would result from exposure to three different forms of media, each presenting the same content. One group of students viewed a videotape, another listened to an audiotape, and a third read a printed transcript. A semantic differential was used to measure affective response, and an objective test was administered to measure cognitive learning. Results showed the video group to be perceiving the presentation less favorably than were the other two groups; however, they were perceiving two of the participants more favorably than were the others. An analysis of covariance between pre- and posttest scores of cognitive learning showed that subjects receiving the audiotape version had learned significantly less than those receiving the other treatments.

The Role of Visual Attention in Head-Up Displays: Design Implications for Varying Symbology Intensity

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. May ◽  
Christopher D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
The University ◽  
Cruise Flight

Twenty pilots from the University of Illinois flew a low fidelity simulator during cruise flight. The intensity of the display symbology was manipulated in three different weather conditions to influence the discriminability of the instrumentation. The symbology was displayed in either head-up or head-down locations, with equivalent optical distances and display formats. Half of the subjects flew with a conformal symbology set, while the other half flew with a partially conformal symbology set. Responses to near and far domain events were measured, and tracking error of the three axes of control was calculated. The results revealed a head-up advantage to the far domain event detection and a head-down advantage to the near domain event detection. Performance in the head-up condition approached that of the otherwise superior head-down condition when an appreciable contrast between the symbology and the background environment was provided. The results are discussed in terms of an effect of the modulation of focused attention.

Theological Travel Seminar

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
John C. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Religion And Ethics ◽  
Medical Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Continuing adult education, or life-long education, is one of the most rapidly developing movements of our time. Recently, several travel seminars for ministers and others interested in religious and theological issues have appeared in various places and under various auspices. There are summer theological institutes in this country and abroad. The Oxford and Canterbury programs are well known. We include in this issue a descriptive commentary on the English Language Continental Seminars, conducted by John C. Holden, as an illustration of the kinds of opportunities now available. Dr. Holden is the Director of Westminster House, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill. He holds the doctor's degree from the University of Hamburg, and he is associated with several medical groups interested in the emerging and complicated problems on the borderline between religion and ethics, on the one hand, and medicine and biomedical research, on the other.

PSIII-4 Nutritional evaluation of yeast biomass from candida utilis as a protein source in cat diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Dalton A Holt ◽  
Charles G Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Yeast Biomass

Abstract Yeast products have found much favor within companion animal nutrition. A recently developed proprietary process has introduced an enhanced yeast biomass from Candida utilis (merchandised as SylPro®) into the animal food marketplace. Candida utilis has been shown to be a valuable protein in canine, swine and aquaculture diets; however, no previous research has evaluated its use in feline diets. Therefore, the current objective was to determine the nutrient digestibility of diets containing SylPro® yeast biomass (SYL) as the primary protein source relative to soybean meal (SOY), pea protein concentrate (PEA), and chicken meal (CKN) fed to cats. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of diets were estimated using Titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. The DM ATTD for SYL was lower (P < 0.0001) than CKN (86.39 vs. 87.43%, respectively) but similar to both SOY (85.66%) and PEA (86.54%). The OM ATTD of SYL, SOY, and PEA were not different (P < 0.0001) and were each lower than CKN (average of 89.60 vs. 91.16%, respectively). The CP ATTD for SYL (89.9%) was not different from the other three treatments (P = 0.0200). Crude fat ATTD of SYL was lower (92.52%; P < 0.0001) than all treatments with PEA being greatest (94.82%) and CKN and SOY intermediate (average of 93.84%). The SYL and CKN had higher TDF ATTD (average of 66.20%; P < 0.0001) relative to PEA and SOY (average of 49.79%). The GE ATTD of SYL was lower than CKN (90.18 vs. 90.97%, respectively; P = 0.0154) but similar to both SOY (90.18%) and PEA (90.30%). In conclusion, all diets were highly digestible but CKN preformed the best. The SYL diet was similar to CKN for ATTD of CP and TDF. The SYL diet was also similar to both SOY and PEA for ATTD of DM, OM, CP and GE.

scholarly journals Late Season Occurrence of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybean in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
R. A. Hines ◽  
C. D. Faulkner ◽  
T. N. Lynch ◽  
N. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The University

Soybean rust, first reported in the continental United States in Louisiana in 2004 (2), is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean worldwide. On 10 October 2006, 20 soybean leaflets from 20 plants at physiological maturity were arbitrarily collected in research plots near Glendale, IL at the University of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Center in Pope County and sent by overnight courier. On 11 October, leaflets were examined with a dissecting microscope at the Soybean Disease Laboratory at the National Soybean Research Center, and then at the Plant Disease Clinic, University of Illinois. Tan, angular lesions that were 2 to 4 mm in diameter were observed on the lower leaf surfaces of two of the 20 leaflets. Within these lesions, there was one uredinum on one leaflet and four on the other leaflet exuding hyaline, echinulate urediniospores (20 × 25 μm). On 11 October 2006, these leaflets were sent by overnight courier to the USDA/APHIS/PPQ/NIS Laboratory, Beltsville, MD Plant Disease Clinic for identification by morphological examination and by PCR using primers specific to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (1). Both tests confirmed the presence of P. pachyrhizi. The 18 leaflets that did not have sporulating pustules on 11 October were incubated in the laboratory for 5 days at near 100% relative humidity. Following incubation, nine leaflets were observed to have uredinia exuding urediniospores with a range of 1 to 43 uredinia per leaflet. These results indicate that incubation may be necessary to maximize the potential to observe uredinia exuding urediniospores. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pachyrhizi infecting plants in Illinois. References: (1) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (2) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.

Five Decades of Research Experience in Speech Anatomy and Physiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Ohio State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The University ◽  
East Carolina University

This report highlights some of the major developments in the area of speech anatomy and physiology drawing from the author's own research experience during his years at the University of Iowa and the University of Illinois. He has benefited greatly from mentors including Professors James Curtis, Kenneth Moll, and Hughlett Morris at the University of Iowa and Professor Paul Lauterbur at the University of Illinois. Many colleagues have contributed to the author's work, especially Professors Jerald Moon at the University of Iowa, Bradley Sutton at the University of Illinois, Jamie Perry at East Carolina University, and Youkyung Bae at the Ohio State University. The strength of these researchers and their students bodes well for future advances in knowledge in this important area of speech science.

University Geographies and Folk Music Landscapes

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Distant Object ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
The University

By examining folk music activities connecting students and local musicians during the early 1960s at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, this article demonstrates how university geographies and musical landscapes influence musical activities in college towns. The geography of the University of Illinois, a rural Midwestern location with a mostly urban, middle-class student population, created an unusual combination of privileged students in a primarily working-class area. This combination of geography and landscape framed interactions between students and local musicians in Urbana-Champaign, stimulating and complicating the traversal of sociocultural differences through traditional music. Members of the University of Illinois Campus Folksong Club considered traditional music as a high cultural form distinct from mass-culture artists, aligning their interests with then-dominant scholarly approaches in folklore and film studies departments. Yet students also interrogated the impropriety of folksong presentation on campus, and community folksingers projected their own discomfort with students’ liberal politics. In hosting concerts by rural musicians such as Frank Proffitt and producing a record of local Urbana-Champaign folksingers called Green Fields of Illinois (1963), the folksong club attempted to suture these differences by highlighting the aesthetic, domestic, historical, and educational aspects of local folk music, while avoiding contemporary socioeconomic, commercial, and political concerns. This depoliticized conception of folk music bridged students and local folksingers, but also represented local music via a nineteenth-century rural landscape that converted contemporaneous lived practice into a temporally distant object of aesthetic study. Students’ study of folk music thus reinforced the power structures of university culture—but engaging local folksinging as an educational subject remained for them the most ethical solution for questioning, and potentially traversing, larger problems of inequality and difference.

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