scholarly journals PSXI-10 Influence of monensin in the diet of temperate and tropically adapted cattle on the ruminal and fecal metabolome and microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
Madeline M Rabalais ◽  
Anil C Somenahally ◽  
Catherine L Wellman ◽  
Charles R Long ◽  
Ronald D Randel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract The effect of monensin on the ruminal and fecal metabolome and microbiome of temperate and tropically-adapted cattle (264±6 kg BW) consuming Tifton bermudagrass hay plus a supplement was evaluated. During Period 1, 10 Angus, 10 Brahman, and 10 BrahmanXAngus steers were fed Tifton bermudagrass hay ad libitum for a 21-d period with 5 steers per pen within breedtype at the conclusion of which rumen fluid (100-to-250 mL) and fecal samples were collected and stored at -80C. During Period 2 all steers were fed Tifton bermudagrass hay ad libitum plus 1.185 kg of supplement (908 g corn, 217 g soybean meal, 60 g dried molasses) with or without monensin (220 mg·steer−1·d−1) individually for 21 d. Rumen fluid and fecal samples were stored at -80C until DNA was extracted and total prokaryotes, methanogens and fungi determined by qPCR. Rumen and fecal samples were extracted to quantify short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and monensin content by GC and LCMS, respectively. After 21 d of consumption of bermudagrass hay, neither rumen nor fecal prokaryotic copy number, fungal copy number, nor methanogen copy number differed among breedtypes. The rumen, but not fecal, fungi:bacterial ratio was least for Angus (0.77) and similar between Brahman (1.31) and BrahmanXAngus (1.21) steers (P < 0.0032). Ruminal SCFA concentrations were similar among breeds as was the acetate:propionate ratio (Angus: 3.52; Brahman: 3.64; BrahmanXAngus: 3.43). Monensin was not detected in control rumen fluid but averaged 363±24 ng/mL for monensin steers. Monensin reduced the acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.001) by 18, 25.1, and 18.4% for the Angus, Brahman, and BrahmanXAngus steers, respectively. Rumen prokaryotic copy number (P < 0.10), methanogen copy number (P < 0.035), and methanogen:prokaryote ratio (P < 0.001) were reduced within each breedtype by monensin. Addition of monensin reduced methanogen copy number and improved utilization of the diet in temperate and tropically-adapted beef cattle.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Mihai V. Curtasu ◽  
Valeria Tafintseva ◽  
Zachary A. Bendiks ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
Achim Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

scholarly journals Associations between disordered gut microbiota and changes of neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids in depressed mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Qiang Mao ◽  
Tao Zou ◽  
Chan-juan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbiota can play an important role in pathophysiology of depression, but its specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study was conducted to explore the associations between changes in neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and altered gut microbiota in depressed mice. Here, the chronic restraint stress (CRS) model of depression was built. The classical behavioral tests were conducted to assess the depressive-like behaviors of mice. The 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from fecal samples was used to assess the gut microbial composition. Liquid and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy were used to identify neurotransmitters in hypothalamus and SCFAs in fecal samples, respectively. Finally, 29 differential bacteria taxa between depressed mice and control mice were identified, and the most differentially abundant bacteria taxa were genus Allobaculum and family Ruminococcaceae between the two groups. The acetic acid, propionic acid, pentanoic acid, norepinephrine, 5-HIAA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in depressed mice compared to control mice. Genus Allobaculum was found to be significantly positively correlated with acetic acid and 5-HT. Taken together, these results provided novel microbial and metabolic frameworks for understanding the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression, and suggested new insights to pave the way for novel therapeutic methods.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Fermentation Study on the Effects of Gluten FriendlyTM Bread on Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids of Fecal Samples from Healthy and Celiac Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Costabile ◽  
Triana Bergillos-Meca ◽  
Loretta Landriscina ◽  
Antonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Isidro Gonzalez-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Evaluation and Optimization of Sample Handling Methods for Quantification of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Human Fecal Samples by GC–MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1948-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Lin Hsu ◽  
Chieh-Chang Chen ◽  
Ya-Ting Lin ◽  
Wei-Kai Wu ◽  
Lin-Chau Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids are not associated with bone mass in healthy Chinese children: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyan Chen ◽  
Qinzhi Wei ◽  
Dafeng Xu ◽  
Yuanhuan Wei ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background The link between the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bone loss has already been observed in animal models and a few human studies in adults, but no such study has been conducted in children. We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota and fecal SCFAs are associated with bone mass in healthy Chinese children aged 6–9 years. Methods In this study, 236 healthy children including 145 boys and 91 girls were enrolled. Fecal samples from children were collected, and DNA was extracted. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the composition of their gut microbiota. Total and 10 subtypes of SCFAs in the fecal samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC) for total body and total body less head (TBLH). Size-adjusted BMC for TBLH was calculated. Result The boys showed less gut microbial diversity than the girls, as indicated by the Chao1 index (364.02 (63.07) vs. 375.12 (43.50), P = 0.018) and abundance-based coverage estimator (362.65 (54.48) vs. 381.07 (40.19), P = 0.007). No significant sex difference was found in the relative abundance of the gut microbiota at any level. Multiple regression analysis after adjustment for covariates and multiple test correction showed that neither gut microbial richness (β: −0.15–0.16, P: 0.376–0.984) nor fecal subtypes of or total SCFAs (β: −0.06–0.17, P: 0.699–0.979) were correlated with bone mass measures in total samples. Similar results were observed in sex-specific analysis. Conclusions Our results did not support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota and fecal SCFA concentrations are associated with bone mass in children.

The additivity of predicted ATP yields from feedstuffs incubated in vitro with rumen fluid

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 25-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Moss ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
S. Fakhri ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Rumen micro-organisms ferment feeds to short chain fatty acids (SCFA) with the production of ATP. Measuring SCFA concentration in vitro could therefore be used to predict the yield of ATP in vitro. This estimate could then be used to predict the yield of synthesised microbial biomass. However, feeds may interact when they are incubated together, and so it is quite possible that ATP yield is not additive. The objectives of this experiment were therefore to determine whether the yield of total SCFA produced by feed mixtures was additive, and also whether the ATP yield of feed mixtures could be predicted from the calculated ATP yield of the individual feeds.

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