Barriers to Mammographic Screening in Pakistan

Author(s):  
Imaduddin Sawal ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽  
Hafiza Qurat Ul Ain ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
ESMO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100055
Author(s):  
A. Toss ◽  
C. Isca ◽  
M. Venturelli ◽  
C. Nasso ◽  
G. Ficarra ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Engy A. Ali ◽  
Mariam Raafat

Abstract Background Our goal was to find out the relation between mammographic densities and cancer of the breast according to the recent ACR classification. From the medical records of Kasereliny Hospital, 49,409 women were subjected to digital mammography for screening, of which 1500 breast cancer cases were collected. The mammographic categories of breast density were ACR-A, B, C, and D, which were detected by two senior radiologists. All radiological classifications were made using both standard mammographic views bilaterally. Two-sided tests of statistical significance were represented by all the P values. Results From 2014 to 2019, 49,409 women came for digital mammographic screening, their age ranges between 40 and 65, and all of them are included in the study. One thousand cases of breast cancer cases were radiologically and pathologically diagnosed. Different densities were arranged in descending pattern depending on the frequency of positive cases: D (13.7%), C (3.3%), B (2.7%), A (2.2%). There is positive significant risk ratio among every higher mammographic density in comparison to the lower density. Conclusion Our study results show that the risk of breast cancer is in close relation to the mammographic breast density.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Círio Nogueira ◽  
Vívian Assis Fayer ◽  
Camila Soares Lima Corrêa ◽  
Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra ◽  
Bianca De Stavola ◽  
...  

Abstract: Our objectives with this study were to describe the spatial distribution of mammographic screening coverage across small geographical areas (micro-regions) in Brazil, and to analyze whether the observed differences were associated with spatial inequities in socioeconomic conditions, provision of health care, and healthcare services utilization. We performed an area-based ecological study on mammographic screening coverage in the period of 2010-2011 regarding socioeconomic and healthcare variables. The units of analysis were the 438 health micro-regions in Brazil. Spatial regression models were used to study these relationships. There was marked variability in mammographic coverage across micro-regions (median = 21.6%; interquartile range: 8.1%-37.9%). Multivariable analyses identified high household income inequality, low number of radiologists/100,000 inhabitants, low number of mammography machines/10,000 inhabitants, and low number of mammograms performed by each machine as independent correlates of poor mammographic coverage at the micro-region level. There was evidence of strong spatial dependence of these associations, with changes in one micro-region affecting neighboring micro-regions, and also of geographical heterogeneities. There were substantial inequities in access to mammographic screening across micro-regions in Brazil, in 2010-2011, with coverage being higher in those with smaller wealth inequities and better access to health care.


2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D.M. Otten ◽  
J. Fracheboud ◽  
G.J. den Heeten ◽  
S.J. Otto ◽  
R. Holland ◽  
...  

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