Residual Action and Toxicity of Methoxychlor and Parathion to the Cherry Fruit Fly1

Field experiments carried out in 1945 at Rosh Pina in Palestine have proved the great efficiency of DDT residual spray in houses against sandflies.A high degree of protection against P. papatasii, P. major and P. chinensis was obtained by inside spraying of rooms with DDT in kerosene.The residual action lasted for 52–58 days during the hot summer months. At the end of this period the effect was still undiminished but the end of the sandfly season made further observations impossible. Judging from observations made elsewhere it may be assumed that the residual effect would have lasted not more than another two weeks.Dosage of 1 g. per m2 (100 mg. DDT per sq. ft.) was fully effective, and 2 g. per m2 gave no better results. The best method of application is the treatment of all internal surfaces (walls and ceiling). As sandflies tend to congregate in the angle between wall and ceiling, treatment of walls and this angle only gives equally good results.An attempt to protect a house by spraying “barriers” (vertical surfaces of stone walls etc., within a radius of 50 metres) failed. Sandflies on the outside surfaces disappeared after the DDT treatment but the observations recorded here and those reported by other authors suggest that much larger areas would have to be sprayed in order to make this method effective.A marked reduction of sandflies in untreated rooms followed the spraying of other Tooms in the same house with DDT. The mechanism of this phenomenon is explained. A general reduction of the sandfly population can be expected when large-scale DDT treatment is carried out in a village or camp area.

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Residual Action of Organic Insecticides Against Stable Flies

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/42.3.547 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 547-548

Author(s):

Gaines W. Eddy ◽

W. S. McGregor

Keyword(s):

Stable Flies ◽

Organic Insecticides ◽

Residual Action

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Impact of resistance to fenitrotion and esfenvalerate on the control of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat

Revista Colombiana de Entomología ◽

10.25100/socolen.v46i2.7612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. e7612

Author(s):

Javier Alberto Vásquez-Castro ◽

Gilberto Casadei De Baptista ◽

Casimiro Dias Gadanha Jr. ◽

Julio Cesar Bracho-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Application System ◽

Stored Wheat ◽

Control Programs ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Residual Action ◽

Brazilian Populations

Insecticides resistance can significantly compromise the control programs of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), one of the main wheat pests in warehouses. The objectives of this work were to study the occurrence of resistance to fenitrothion and esfenvalerate in two Brazilian populations of R. dominica from Santa Rosa (SR lineage) and Campo Grande (CG lineage), as well as the insecticidal effect and residual action of these insecticides when used alone or as a mixture in stored wheat. The application system was calibrated to provide grain treatment at theoretical concentrations of 10 and/or 0.5 mg kg-1 fenitrothion and esfenvalerate, respectively. By comparing the fitted mortality curves for lineages within insecticides, as well as insecticides within lineages significant differences were observed in all cases. Esfenvalerate was ineffective in controlling R. dominica. The SR lineage of R. dominica was more resistant to the insecticides tested than the CG lineage. The number of individuals in the F1 offspring of R. dominica was dependent on the lineage, insecticide, and on the time after the application of insecticide. In the untreated grains (control), the CG lineage had a greater number of progeny than the SR lineage, while the opposite was verified in the grains treated. Fenitrothion and esfenvalerate are not useful for the control of R. dominica. Factors influencing control of R. dominica are discussed in this work.

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Insecticides for the control of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), and the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck), and their effects of population numbers

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9590160 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 160 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MMH Wallace

Keyword(s):

Lower Cost ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Halotydeus Destructor ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Subsequent Effect ◽

Insecticidal Treatment ◽

Materials Used ◽

Mammalian Toxicity ◽

Residual Action ◽

Population Numbers

Experiments are described which demonstrate effective insecticidal treatments for the control of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), and the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.). As dual purpose insecticides, malathion/DDT, malathioli/lindane, and endrin all gave excellent results. The lower cost and lower mammalian toxicity of malathion/ DDT favour this mixture, which is now recommended for field use. Also effective against the lucerne flea were dieldrin, chlorthion, and "Diazinon". Lindane and "Dilan" gave good controlof the red-legged earth mite, but DDT was superior to both. None of the materials used for the control of the lucerne flea had an effective residual action, so that careful attention to the time of application of the insecticides was essential for optimum results. Treatment within 3-5 weeks of the rains which initiate hatching of the oversummering eggs is recommended. Eradication was not achieved by any of the treatments. The subsequent effect of insecticidal treatment on the population density of both pests is discussed. The numerical changes which followed the application of insecticides suggest that density-governing factors play an important part in the regulation of the numbers of both species.

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Chemical weed control in the Ord River Valley. 3. Cotton

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9640321 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 4 (15) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Rijn PJ van

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Dry Season ◽

River Valley ◽

Research Station ◽

Wet Season ◽

Residual Action

Between 1960 and 1963, four preliminary experiments on herbicides for cotton were carried out at Kimberley Research Station. Diuron, applied pre-emergence at rates of 1/2-1 lb an acre active ingredient (a. i.), and dicryl, applied seven to ten days after emergence at rates of 3-6 lb an acre a. i., gave satisfactory weed control. Diuron, because of its longer residual action (six weeks in early wet season, two months or more in late wet and early dry season) is preferred, and is recommended as the standard herbicidal treatment for Ord River cotton crops.

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A Case of Fatal Dieldrin Poisoning

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/002580247901900413 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 268-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anni Steentoft

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

The United States ◽

Fatal Intoxication ◽

Toxicological Data ◽

Residual Action

Dieldrin was developed in the United States and was made available commercially in 1948. Chemically, dieldrin is 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexachloro-6, 7-epoxy-1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4, 5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene and forms, together with aldrin and endrin, a triumvirate of insecticides derived from hexachlorodicyclopentadiene. High insecticidal activity combined with long residual action makes dieldrin an effective insecticide. Dieldrin is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and the skin. Several cases of chronic or acute non-fatal dieldrin poisoning have been reported, but only a very small number of fatal dieldrin cases with only fragmentary toxicological data have been described. This paper concerns a fatal intoxication due to dieldrin, including toxicological findings in blood, liver and muscle.

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